赏析版XXXX年5月经济学人文章(英汉双语对照)汇集ckms.docx

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1、Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.赏析版2012年5月经济学人文章（英汉双语对照）汇集Contents2012.05.26A South African cartoon: No joke 绝非玩笑12012.005.26Once in a lifettime 一一生一次22012.005.26Homerric wiisdom荷荷马式智慧72012.005.26Banglladeshhs tooxic ppolitiics 毒雾雾弥漫的孟加加拉国政治92012.005.26The ffeeli

2、nngs mmutuall 共同的感感觉122012.005.26Pedallling prospperityy 中国经济济：一路骑行行，繁华似锦锦152012.005.26Triasssic llark 嬉嬉戏三叠纪212012.005.26Azerbbaijann and Eurovvisionn 阿塞拜疆疆与欧洲歌唱唱大赛232012.005.26Collaaterall manaagemennt: Seecuritty serrvicess 资产抵押押业务262012.005.26Everyybody was kkung ffu figghtingg 人人都有有功夫282012.005

3、.19Worldd,heree we ccome 世世界，该我们们大展拳脚了了312012.005.21Foreiignerss in CChina 外国人在中中国362012.005.19The bbig enngine that coulddnt 力不不从心的大引引擎412012.005.19Duellling tthe duuopoliies商用飞飞机:与垄断二强强一较高下512012.005.19Countty jaiils: WWorst case 加州郡级监监狱糟糕透顶顶542012.005.18JP Moorgan & Spaain: CConfiddence game 摩根大通

4、和和西班牙痛苦苦552012.005.15TRANSSLATORR IN TTHE SPPOTLIGGHT 聚光光灯下的译者者572012.005.12Aviattion iin Chiina:Sooaringg ambiition 凌云壮志582012.005.12The eeuro ccrisiss希腊很可能能退出欧元区区602012.005.12Amariillo SSlim 悼悼一代赌侠622012.005.12The eeconommy: Unnequall painn 美国经济济不平等的痛痛652012.005.12Sometthing to waatch oover uus 注视

5、着着地球的天眼眼672012.005.12Graphhene sshows its ccolourrs 石墨烯烯露出真容692012.005.12Turniing a line 化学元素周周期表将出现现新的一行722012.005.12Luxurry gooods inn Chinna: Riiding the ggildedd tigeer 中国奢奢侈品.752012.005.05Postaal Serrvice: Waitting ffor deeliverrance 美国邮政企企盼改革772012.005.05That day tthat cchangeed eveerythiing 改

6、变变一切的日子子792012.005.05Chineese caarmakeers 中国国汽车制造商商：初级阶段段822012.005.05A tillted pplayinng fieeld 现任任总统在大选选中的优势872012.005.05Privaate sppace fflightt: Staar truuck 民营营航天时代即即将来临912012.005.05Goingg for growtth, buut howw? 到底如如何实现增长长？942012.005.05Payinng whaat youu wantt: Connsciennce v commeerce 当当良心遭遇私

7、私利972012.005.05Keep on trruckinn驾剑长飞飞八亿里，遥遥看银河九重重天992012.005.05Nucleear-pooweredd cropps 经过核核改造的农作作物1032012.005.26A Souuth Affricann carttoon: No jooke 绝非非玩笑【导读】：一幅幅南非总统祖祖玛的肖像画画在约翰内斯斯堡美术馆展展出，由于画画中祖玛的私私处暴露，该该画疯传，引引发总统支持持者的强烈抗抗议。A SSouth Africcan caartoonn引发南非举举国关注的一一幅讽刺画No joke绝绝非玩笑A cartooon off Pre

8、ssidentt Jacoob Zumma hass provvoked a stoorm off outrrage关于于南非总统雅雅克比祖玛玛的一幅讽刺刺画引发强烈烈不满Mayy 26thh 20122 | CAAPE TOOWN | from the pprint editiionHARRDLY aanyonee woulld havve heaard abbout BBrett Murraays ssatiriical pportraait off Soutth Afrricass pressidentt, Jaccob Zuuma, hhad thhe rulling AAfricaa

9、n Nattionall Conggress (ANC) not put oout a stateement on Maay 17tth exppressiing itts “ouutragee” oveer thee “dissgustiing” ddepicttion oof itss reveered lleaderr and demannding its iimmediiate rremovaal froom thee Johaannesbburg ggallerry wheere itt was hung and ffrom tthe weebsitee of tthe onnly

10、neewspapper thhat haad notticed it. WWhen bboth rrefuseed, thhe parrty prromptlly appplied for aa highh-courrt ordder too forcce theem to do soo.南非执政政党非洲国民民大会（ANNC）在5月月17日发表表了一份声明明称，约翰内内斯堡美术馆馆展出的一幅幅“恶心”的的肖像画丑化化了他们备受受尊敬的领导导人，对此他他们表示“极极度愤慨”并并要求美术馆馆马上撤下这这幅画。在声声明中他们还还要求唯一一一家报道该事事件的报纸把把肖像画从网网站上立即撤撤下。要不是是

11、这份声明，几几乎没人会知知道到布雷特特穆雷（BBrett Murraay）所作的的关于南非总总统雅克比祖玛的这幅幅讽刺画。当当上述要求遭遭到美术馆及及报纸的拒绝绝之后，非洲洲国民大会随随即向高等法法院提出申请请，要求法院院下令强制执执行。Thiis, off courrse, ssent tthousaands oof Souuth Affricanns russhing to thhe intternett to ssee whhat thhe fusss wass abouut. Thhere tthey ffound a carrtoon of a fullyy clotthed, be

12、speectaclled Mrr Zumaa, virrtuallly unrrecognnisablle savve forr the charaacteriistic bump at thhe bacck of his sshavenn headd, in a herroic LLenineesque pose, but with his ggenitaals haangingg out of hiis troouserss. Sooon eveery neewspapper inn the land was ccarryiing thhe porrtraitt, enttitledd “

13、Thee Speaar”. IIt proomptlyy wentt viraal, evven eaarningg its own ppage oon Wikkipediia.正是这份声明明引得成千上上万名南非民民众争相上网一探究竟。他他们看到一幅幅肖像画，画画中人物衣着着整齐，戴着着一副眼镜，摆摆出一幅列宁宁式的英雄站站姿，但生殖殖器却露在了了裤子外面。要要不是他标志志性的后脑勺勺，几乎认不不出来画中人人物就是总统统祖玛。不久久，全国所有有的报纸都刊刊登了这幅名名为矛的的讽刺画。这这幅画很快便便传疯了，甚甚至在维基百百科上都出现现了专属词条。In his aaffidaavit, Mr Z

14、uuma, wwho haas fouur wivves, ttwo exx-wivees andd somee 22 cchildrren, aarguedd thatt the paintting cconstiitutedd a grrave vviolattion oof hiss consstituttionall righht to digniity “aas it depiccts mee withh my pprivatte parrts shhowingg”. Hee feltt “offfendedd and violaated”, as iit sugggesteed h

15、e was aa “phiilandeerer, a wommaniseeran abuseer of powerr”. Itt alsoo, he said, tarnnishedd the ANCss imagge as a libberatiion moovemennt.总统祖祖玛除了两位位前任配偶之之外，现在有有四个妻子，大大概22个子子女。他在书书面陈述中称称，这幅画严严重侵害了他他受宪法保护护的人格权，“因因为在画中我我的私处露在在了外面”。他他觉得 “被被冒犯，而且且权利受到侵侵害”，因为为这幅画暗示示他是一个“玩玩弄女性、花花心及滥用职职权的人”。他还说这幅画玷污了非洲国民大会

16、作为解放运动组织的形象。The work, said Gwede Mantashe, the ANCs secretary-general, was racist, suggesting that “black people were objects and inferior to whites.” Zwelinzima Vavi, leader of the main trade union federation, said it could “only be the work of a very sick mind, full of hatred.” No white leader, th

17、ey said, would ever be portrayed like that. (In fact Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Stephen Harper, Canadas prime minister, haveamong othersbeen depicted naked in abusive cartoons.)南非国民大会总书记格维德曼德谢（Gwede Mantashe）称这幅画带有种族主义色彩，因为它暗示 “黑人只是被嘲笑的对象，而且低白人一等”。总工会常务秘书长瓦维（Zwelinzima Vavi）称可能“只有神智不清、脑中充满仇恨的人

18、才能画出这种东西”。他们说白人领导从来不会被刻画成那种形象。（实际上，包括比尔克林顿、乔治W布什及加拿大总理史蒂芬哈伯在内的一些白人领导人，他们都有过一丝不挂地出现在侮辱性漫画中的类似遭遇。）On May 22nd the Zuma painting was all but destroyed with red and black paint by two enraged supporters of the president. One of South Africas biggest churches, the Nazareth Baptist Church, has called for

19、Mr Murray, a well-known anti-apartheid campaigner, to be stoned to death.5月22日，两名愤怒的总统支持者用红色和黑色油漆几乎毁掉了那幅肖像画。该画的作者穆雷是著名的反种族隔离活动家，南非最大教派之一的拿撒勒浸信会（the Nazareth Baptist Church）要求石刑处死穆雷。2012.005.26Once in a lifettime 一一生一次导读：英女皇伊伊丽莎白二世世于19522年登基，今今年满六十周周年，本文把把这次的庆典典和19777年的二十五五周年庆典以以及20022年的五十周周年庆典加以以对比，

20、讨论论了这些庆典典反映出的英英国国民心境境转变。Baagehott白芝浩Oncce in a liffetimee一生一次Whhat thhree rroyal jubillees rreveall abouut Briitain通通过三次皇室室登基庆典看看英国Mayy 26thh 20122 | frrom thhe priint edditionnBEFORRE Queeen Ellizabeeths Silveer Jubbilee in 19977, tthe viillageers off Westt Hoatthly iin Susssex wwere pplacedd undee

21、r seccret oobservvationn. A ffile wwas drrawn uup, nooting theirr viewws on the mmonarcchy, tthe coountryy and the iimpendding ccelebrrationns. Thhe royyal faamily was mmarvelllous but tthese festiivitiees hadd bettter noot cosst tooo muchh, saiid onee villlager, recoorded as “NNurse, femaale, 550”,

22、 eexplaiining: “Peoople aare noot in the mmood.”在1977年英女皇伊丽莎白二世登基二十五周年庆典之前，萨塞克斯地区西霍斯利村的村民当了一回被暗中观察的目标。那次观察结果被总结成了一份文件，其中记录了当时村民对于皇室、英国和即将到来的庆典的看法。文件中一位“50岁的女护士”指出，皇室棒极了，但是庆典最好不要花费过巨，她对此作了进一步的说明：“大家现在没有庆贺的心情。”West Hoathly was reliably monarchist, the file records, with anti-republican sentiment boost

23、ed by recent American elections (“Fancy having Jimmy Carter,” a villager shuddered). But still its Jubilee enthusiasts sounded a bit bleak. Were due a celebration, said “Male, 53”weve made it to 1977 without a nuclear war.据文件记载，当时的西霍斯利村是君主制的忠实拥护者，受到刚过去的美国大选影响，村里反共和制的情绪进一步高涨（“想想让吉米卡特来管理英国会是什么样子”，一位村民

24、边说边打了个冷颤）。但即使在这样一个亲皇室的村庄里，那些登基庆典热衷分子的话听上去还是有些沮丧。一位“53岁男子”说，是时候庆祝一下了，我们终于迎来了1977年，核战争至今还没发生。The files were commissioned by Mass Observation, a private social-research project that has studied the British since the 1930s. In all, 107 volunteers were recruited to record the Silver Jubilee. Their diarie

25、s and notes, together with complementary files on the 2002 Golden Jubilee, now form part of a vast archive held at Sussex University. On the eve of Queen Elizabeths Diamond Jubileeto be marked from June 2nd to 5ththe archives offer a remarkably evocative glimpse of the recent past.这些调查的背后策划者是私人社会研究项

26、目“大众观察”。该项目从20世纪30年代起就开始研究英国。在登基庆典二十五周年时一共有107名志愿者被招募来记录这一盛事。这些人的日记和笔记，加上2002年登基五十周年时的文件，完整地记录了当时的盛况，这些文件现保留在萨塞克斯大学庞大的档案库里。6月2日至5日将举行伊丽莎白二世登基六十周年庆典。在庆典前夕的今天，这些档案让我们一瞥不久前的过去，唤醒了我们的回忆。The 1977 files describe a country that was tired and riven by industrial conflict. Its people talked of feeling a bit

27、lost, and yetfrom a distance of 35 yearsthey seem enviably grounded in a shared culture with deep roots. There was striking uniformity to their celebrations. Invited to have fun, people first grumbled then formed committees. It is remembered that at previous royal jubilees children were given commem

28、orative mugs, prompting endless rows about paying for them. “The Vicar! He needs grinding up afresh, that one,” fumed a farmers wife in north Wiltshire, on learning that her Womens Institute branch must buy mugs. “Not that Im criticising him, of course,” she added hastily.1977年的文件描绘了一个被劳资纠纷搞得疲惫不堪、四分

29、五裂的国家。国民们常在谈话中坦言自己感到有点迷茫，即使这样，从35年后的今天回头看，当时的国民似乎实实在在地共享着一种根基深厚的文化，着实令人羡慕。他们在各处举办的庆典相似得惊人。受邀玩乐时，英国人首先会抱怨几句，然后组织委员会决定细节。记得在过去的几次登基庆典上，孩子们收到纪念马克杯，由此就这些杯子的资金来源引发了没完没了的争议。北威尔特郡一位农夫的妻子在得知自己所属的妇女协会分会必须购买马克杯时，怒气冲冲地抱怨道：“那个牧师！他真得清醒清醒了注1。”然后她又匆匆补上一句：“当然，我不是在批评他。”Celebrations in 1977 involved childrens foodsau

30、sage rolls and jelly, hot dogs and ice creamand beer for the grown-ups. There were violent sporting contests, from tugs-of-war to free-form football matches. To conquer reserve, fancy dress was worn, often involving men in womens clothing. From the West Midlands came news of an all-transvestite foot

31、ball game, with the laconic annotation: “all ended up in the canal.”1977年的庆典上为孩子提供的食品有香肠卷、果冻、热狗和冰淇淋，而大人们则有啤酒，还有激烈的体育赛事，像是拔河和规则不限的足球赛。为了打破矜持，很多人奇装异服，通常是男扮女装。西米德兰兹郡报道了举办异装癖足球赛的新闻，新闻的脚注简单明了：“所有人最后都掉进沟里了。”London displayed both patriotic zeal (flag-draped pubs in Brick Lane, big street parties in Muswell

32、 Hill) and hostility (cheerless housing estates, slogans declaring “Stuff the Jubilee”).伦敦有的地方展示了爱国热情（布里克道的酒吧都挂满了国旗，穆斯维尔山则举行了盛大的街道聚会），另一些地方则显露了敌意（闷闷不乐的居民区，写着“让登基庆典见鬼去吧注2”的标语）。Scotland was a nation apart. A file reports “total apathy” in Croy. In Glasgow the anniversary was called “an English jubilee

33、”. Snobs sneered along with Scots. At Eton College, a wooden Jubilee pyramid was smashed by old boys. At Oxford University, examinations were held on Jubilee Day, in a display of indifference.苏格兰的气氛则完全是天差地别。有一份文件报告说克罗瓦“完全漠不关心”。在格拉斯哥该庆典被称为“英格兰登基庆典”。一些自以为是之徒则和苏格兰人一起对庆典嗤之以鼻。在伊顿公学，几位校友一起砸碎了一个木制的登基庆典金字塔。

34、为了表示对该庆典的冷淡态度，牛津大学在庆典日当天举行考试。The Silver Jubilee is not really about the monarchy, asserts a file from south Wiltshire: the day is about “people wanting a bit of fun”. A report from Wimbotsham in Norfolk, close to a royal estate at Sandringham, stands out for its focus on the queens 25 years on the t

35、hrone. Locals held a service on the village green, praying for the monarch in “happy togetherness” under dripping umbrellas before a tug-of-war, races and tea for 700.一份来自威尔特郡的文件认为二十五周年登基庆典其实和皇室关系不大，“人们是想要借机玩乐一下”。诺福克郡的温勃特山姆邻近皇室在桑德林汉姆的府邸。据文件报告那里的庆祝活动把重心放在了女皇在位25年的历史上，和其它地方的庆祝大不一样。当地人在村子草地上举行了礼拜，在滴着水的

36、雨伞下祈祷皇室“快乐团圆”。接下来呢？他们举办了拔河、赛跑和供700人享用的茶会。By 2002 and the Golden Jubilee, Britain comes across as a busier, lonelier, more cynical place. The royal family was “just showbiz”, sniffed a diarist from Sussex. There is angry talk of Princess Diana and how her 1997 death was mishandled by the queen. There

37、 are fewer street parties than in 1977, all agree. This is variously blamed on apathy, the authorities (whose job it is to organise events, apparently) and above all on health-and-safety rules. In 1977, in contrast, one Wiltshire village cheerfully let a “pyromaniac” doctor take Jubilee fireworks ho

38、me to add extra bangs.到2002年五十周年登基庆典时，英国给人的感觉更为繁忙，更为孤独，也更为愤世嫉俗。萨塞克斯的一位日记作者轻蔑地表示皇室“只是演艺行当”罢了。民间仍然气愤地谈论着已故的戴安娜王妃以及女皇对她1997年过世事件的不当处理。所有人都承认街道上的聚会比1977年来得少。关于这种情况有各种解释，包括民众的漠不关心、政府当局（说到底，他们是负责组织活动的），以及最重要的一点，就是健康安全法规。相比之下，1977年威尔特郡有一个村子就快乐地让一位“烟火狂热”医生把庆典烟火带回家继续点放庆祝。The 2012 Jubilee finds Britain change

39、d again. Diamond jubilees being rare (the last was achieved by Queen Victoria in 1897), the queen is firmly at the centre of the celebrations. Local councils have received more than 8,000 applications to close roads for street parties, suggesting that 2002s passivity is fading. The country is not re

40、turning to 1977 and its home-made fancy-dress costumes or Coronation bunting dug out of attics. Todays shops heave with Jubilee cakes, disposable decorations and flag-emblazoned baubles, letting consumers buy patriotism out of a box.2012年的登基庆典又一次见证了一个不一样的英国。登基六十周年实属罕见（上一位登基满60年的是1897年的维多利亚女皇）。因此这次女皇

41、一定是所有庆典活动的焦点。各个地方市政委员会目前已收到超过8000份关闭道路，举办街道聚会的申请。这表示2002年民众对皇室的冷淡态度正在好转。但英国并没有在回归1977年的情形，人们并没有把自制的奇装异服和加冕彩旗从阁楼里挖出来。今时今日的商店装满了登基庆典蛋糕，一次性的装饰品和印着国旗的彩球，消费者想要体现爱国情操可以直接买现成品。After 60 years on the throne, a jubilee about the queen在位60年，女皇的盛会Visiting Wimbotsham, Bagehot is shown elaborate plans: cake-bakin

42、g contests, pony rides, a teddy bears picnic, a sports day, a pensioners tea. But there will be no tug-of-war (people might hurt themselves) and the face painters have liability insurance. Still, the festivities will dwarf those seen in 2002, locals say. The monarchy endured a “big lull after Diana”

43、, suggests David Long, the driving force behind Wimbotshams Diamond Jubilee. As the queen grows older, she is “more highly thought of”. Linda Nixon, a Wimbotsham pensioner, credits Prince Williams royal wedding with reviving enthusiasm. Prince William and his brother Prince Harry are “like everyday

44、people”, she says.在拜访温勃特山姆期间，笔者见证了非常详尽的庆祝计划：烤蛋糕比赛、骑小马、泰迪熊野餐会、运动会、退休老人茶会、不过这次不会有拔河竞赛（可能会有人受伤），而绘脸师们现在可都是买了责任保险的。尽管如此，当地人觉得这次的庆祝活动还是会大大超过2002年的规模。该村登基六十周年庆典背后的推手大卫郎认为皇室在“戴安娜之后忍受了民望低迷的漫长时期”。随着女皇年纪增大，人民“越来越尊敬她”。该村另一位退休人士琳达尼克松则认为威廉王子的皇家婚礼重燃了人们对皇室的热情。她觉得威廉王子和他的弟弟哈利王子“就和普通老百姓一样”。In the Mass Observation Sil

45、ver Jubilee files, critics grumble about the monarchy costing too much or entrenching privilege. Supporters say the queen confers global prestige or offers a bulwark against constitutional meddling by politicians. In short, the debate is about the best way to organise society. In both Golden and Dia

46、mond Jubilee Britain, by contrast, the issue is whether the queen deserves to be respected, and whether the public can relate to her. In short, individualism is all.“大众观察”的二十五周年登基庆典文件记录着当时的批评者们对于皇室大肆开销，确立牢固的特权这两点甚是不满。而支持者们则认为女皇不仅在全球范围内带来威望，更是防止政客搅乱宪法的一道坚垒。简而言之，这场辩论的核心在于究竟什么才是最好的社会组织方式。相较之下，在五十周年和六十周

47、年的庆典中，争论的中心转移到女皇是否值得人民尊敬，以及普通大众是否能认同她这些问题上。简而言之，个人主义高于一切。Diamond Jubilee Britain seems to be a hybrid. As in 1977, an unhappy nation fancies being cheered up, and the monarchy fits the bill. As in 2002, a truculent nation demands a monarchy on its own, emotional terms. Is that sustainable? Perhaps n

48、ot, but it promises to be a fine party.六十周年登基庆典下的英国似乎是一个混合体。和1977年一样，一个烦恼的国度想要让自己开心起来，而皇室正好给了它一个好理由。和2002年一样，一个暴躁的国度需要一个迎合情绪化国民的皇室。这两者是可以兼容的吗？也许不能，但这依然定会是一次美好的狂欢。译者注：1 - 这里的grind up实意不明，可能是过去常用的英国俚语，根据上下文暂译为这个意思2 - stuff在俚语中相当于F词，语气上可能有一点差别，没有F词那么脏，但也是一种粗口附六十周年登基庆典图片集The finishing touches are applied to a new waxwork figure of the queen produced