环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案12756.docx

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1、环境工程专业英语课后习题部分答案（第二版）钟理主主编Exerccisess 0Writee an artiicle abouut yoourseelf, inclludinng peersonnal bbackggrounnd, ffamilly, eeducaationn, inntereests,ambittionss andd othhers. Wriite aas muuch aas yoou woould likee to.Aboutt MysselfMy naame iis Qiin Zhheng. I aam frrom XXianggshann, whhich is aa sm

2、aall ttown in NNingbbo Diistriict. It iis veery bbeauttifull andd nowwadayys a lot of ffilmss andd TV proggrammmes aare sshot therre. MMore and moree peoople wentt theere ffor aa hollidayy. Thhe peeoplee theere aare llaborriouss, viirtuoous aand wwarm hearrted. Imm mucch feeliciitateed thhat II wass

3、 borrn annd raaisedd up therre. IIt iss my homeetownn andd I wwill lovee it foreever.My faamilyy hass beeen enngageed inn farrmingg forr gennerattionss. Myy rellativves aare aall ffarmeers. My aancesstorss andd my pareents havee ploottedd alll theeir llife on tthin grouund. In mmy faamilyy, myy fatt

4、her, my mothher aand II, thhatss alll.Now IIm iin grrade threee, aa thiird yyear studdent in JJiaxiingUnniverrsityy. Siince I haave mmade a loot off friiendss, I findd liffe inn thiis unniverrsityy botth haappy and rewaardinng. II livve haappilly heere. I liike cclimbbing mounntainns. II likke siing

5、inng, llisteeningg claassiccal mmusicc. I likee esssay, alsoo novvel, but my ffavorrite is eessayy. Unnforttunattely, altthouggh I havee reaad soo mucch, mmy wrritinng iss stiill nnot vvery goodd.I hoppe thhat II cann be an uusefuul peersonn forr ourr soccietyy. Buut att thee momment, my knowwledgge

6、 iss stiill nnot rrich enouugh. In oorderr to reallize my oobjecctivees inn liffe, II willl sttudy hardd andd gaiin moore aand mmore skillls aand kknowlledgee, suuch aas sppeakiing EEngliish aand uusingg commputeer. IIf I havee enoough moneey affter gradduatiion ffrom schoool, I wiill sstudyy driivi

7、ngg. Itt is goodd to havee a ggood job whenn sommeonee cann driive aa carr or a buus.Unit 1 (PP.4)1 Bassed oon Reeadinng Maateriial, put the folllowinng innto CChineese.life expeectanncy ： 耐用期期限，平均均寿命poverrty-sstriccken ： 贫穷穷的，贫困困的，贫乏乏的smog-ladeen aiir ： 烟雾弥漫漫的天空，烟烟雾缭绕的的空气，阴阴霾天气globaal coondittionss

8、 ： 全全球状况havess andd havve-noots ： 富人和和穷人underrprivvilegged ： 社会地地位低下的的，相对贫贫困的，生生活水平低低下的，弱弱势的savannna ：热带大草草原，稀树树草原predaator ：食肉动动物，捕食食者envirronmeentall dissrupttionss ： 环环境破坏，环环境失调2 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Engllish.农药peesticcide / aggricuulturral cchemiicalss (inncludding: pessticiide, germmicid

9、de, hherbiicidee)化肥chhemiccal ffertiilizeer有机废物orgaanic wasttes微生物mmicrooorgaanismm / mmicroobe衰减atttenuuatioon阻滞的rretarrdantt / bblockking稀释diilutiion添加剂aaddittive合成塑料syntthetiic pllastiic再生reegeneeratiionUnit 3 (PP.19)1 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Chinnese.(1) RRaw mmaterrialss thaat loose ttheirr

10、 useefulnness becaause theyy sitt on the shellf tooo loong bbecomme waaste.原材料放置置过久会失失去它们本本身性能而而变成废弃弃物。(2) PPoor cleaaningg of partts orr inaadequuate draggout timee willl reeducee thee useefulnness of tthe pproceesschemiicalss, inncreaase tthe ccost of wwastee dissposaal, aand tthe ccost of cchemii

11、cal repllacemment.不良的零件件清洗或者者不充分的的接触时间间将减少工工艺过程中中化学品的的有用性，增增加处理废废弃物的费用以及及替换化学学药品的费费用。(3) LLockhheed succcessffullyy swiitcheed frrom aan allkaliine ccyaniide ccadmiium bbath to aan accidiccnoncyyanidde caadmiuum baath.洛克希德（公公司）成功功地将碱性性氰化镉溶溶液槽改变变为酸性不不含氰化镉镉的溶液槽槽。(4) DDo noot trry too reiinvennt thhe w

12、hheel. Devvelopp nettworkking parttnerss to sharre iddeas.不要进行重重复研究。发发展网络伙伙伴以分享享思想。3 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Chinnese.Wastee redductiion/wwastee/minnimizzatioon: 减少废废物/废弃物/最小化In-prrocesss: 工工程内，进进程内Houseekeepping: 维持管管理Equippmentt moddificcatioon laandfiills: 设备改改造，填埋埋Biodeegraddablee sollventts

13、: 可可生物降解解溶剂Volattile chemmicalls: 挥挥发性化学学品Managgemennt coommittmentt: 管理理层的承诺诺Unit 5 (PP.34)1 Putt thee folllowiing wwordss or phraase iinto Chinnese.primaary ppolluutantt 一次大大气污染物物seconndaryy polllutaant 二二次大气污污染物air sstagnnatioon 空气气流动停滞滞，大气停停滞nitroous ooxidee 一氧化化二氮(NN2O)nitriic oxxide 一氧化氮氮(NO)n

14、itroogen dioxxide 二氧化氮氮(NO22)soot 煤烟dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozonee 臭氧herbiicidee 除草剂剂pestiicidee 杀虫剂剂 / 农药2 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Engllish.正常浓度nnormaal cooncenntrattion严重污染的的 serriouss pollluteed / heavvily polllutedd决定因素 deteerminning facttor光化学氧化化物 phhotocchemiical oxiddant液体微滴 liquuid ddropllet放射性物质质

15、 raddioacctivee subbstannce不完全氧化化 inccompllete oxiddizattion / inncomppletee commbusttion含硫的 ssulfuur-coontaiiningg风化 wiind eerosiion / weaatherring汽车尾气 autoomobiile eexhauustUnit 6 (PP.40)1 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Chinnese(1) TThe mmost seveere ssequeence of CCO2 indducedd gloobal warnning woul

16、ld bee melltingg of the polaarice-ccaps and the subssequeent rrise of ooceann levvels and inunndatiion oof cooastaal pllainss.由CO2 所引起的的全球变暖暖的最严重重后果是极极地冰帽的的熔化，以以及随之而而来的海平平面上升所所引发的沿海海平原的洪洪水。(2) AAlthoough globbal wwarmiing ffrom the alreeady elevvatedd levvels of aatmosspherric CCO2 hass beeenprediic

17、tedd by mostt cliimatiic moodelss, suuch aa warrmingg hass nott beeen emmpiriicallly obbservved.虽然大多数数气候模型型已经预测测大气中CCO2 浓度的的增加将引引起全球变变暖，但对对于这样的的气候变暖还没有有实证观察察过。(3) AAlthoough theyy inddicatte trrendss in averrage surfface tempperatturess andd cliimatee, thhey uunforrtunaatelyycoinccide withh inccreas

18、sed iindusstriaalizaationn andd polllutiion.尽管这些资资料表明了了平均地面面温度和气气候的趋势势，但不幸幸的是，恰恰恰遇上了了这段时期期内日益增强的工业业化和污染染。2 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Engllish.温室效应 effeect oof grreenhhousee由二氧化碳碳引起的 caussed bby COO2世界碳预算算 worrld ccarboon buudgett天气的自然然波动 nnaturral fflucttuatiions in cclimaate全球变暖 globbal wwarmiing

19、厌氧的 aanaerrobicc甲烷 meethanne臭氧层 oozonoospheere气候模型 climmaticc moddels腐烂 deecayUnit 7 (PP.47)3 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Engllish.出口 ouutlett多管高效旋旋风分离器器 mulltituube hhigh-effiicienncy ccycloone合成纤维 syntthetiic faabricc捕集效率 colllectiion eefficcienccy机械洗涤 mechhaniccal sscrubbbingg压力降 ppresssure dropp

20、焚化炉 iincinnerattor气体离子 gas ion捕集板 ccolleectioon suurfacce碳黑 caarbonn blaackUnit 8 (PP.52)1 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Engllish.尾气 offf-gaas可应用性 appllicabbilitty工业规模 fulll-scaale土壤床 ssoil bed生物过滤器器 bioofiltter固定资本 fixeed caapitaal易生物降解解的 eaasilyy bioodegrradedd2 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Chinnese.

21、VOC 挥挥发性有机机化合物APC 大大气污染控控制Regullatorry prrograam 调整整项目Finannciall suppportt 财政支支持Operaatingg cosst 操作作成本Biodeegraddatioon caapaciity 生生物降解能能力Envirronmeentall meddia 环环境介质Bioloogicaal 生物物学的Technnologgies 技术、工工艺Inorgganicc airr polllutaants 无机大气气污染物Unit 10 (P.666)1 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Chinnese

22、.treattmentt faccilitties 处理设备备per ccapitta peer daay 每人人每天municcipallity 市政当局局, 自治市市popullatioon eqquivaalentt 人口当当量basemment flooodingg 地下室室浸水runofff 排水水domesstic sewaage 生生活污水type of tterraain 地地形种类Unit 11 (P.733)1 Acccordiing tto Reeadinng Maateriial, put the folllowinng innto CChineese.unpallat

23、abble 味味道差的volattile chemmicalls 挥发发性的化学学药品scalee in hot pipees 热水水管积垢harboor paathoggens 窝藏病原原体preciipitaate 使使沉淀turbiid 混浊浊的interrmitttent sourrces 间歇的污污染源fixtuures 固定设备备2 Acccordiing tto Reeadinng Maateriial, put the folllowinng innto EEngliish.合成有机化化合物 ssynthheticc orgganicc commpounnd微生物性能能 mic

24、crobiiologgicall proopertties普遍接受 univversaal acccepttancee食品加工 foodd proocesssing精馏 reectifficattion蒸发和冷凝凝 evaaporaationn andd conndenssatioon土壤腐蚀 erossion of ssoil过滤作用 perccolatting/ filltrattion副产品 bbyprooductt脱盐 deesaliinatiionUnit 12 (P.811)1 Acccordiing tto Reeadinng Maateriial, put the folllo

25、winng innto CChineese.land dispposall 掩埋处处置fecall colliforrm 粪大大肠菌群strinngentt efffluennt reequirremennt 严格格的废水排排放要求assimmilattion capaacityy 同化能能力practticall outtletss 可行的的排出途径径，现实出出路aquattic llife 水生生物物detriimenttal tto huuman heallth 对对人体健康康有害的endoggenouus phhase 内源生生长期Unit 13 (P.899)1 Bassed oon

26、 Reeadinng Maateriial, put the folllowinng innto CChineese.flow moniitoriing 流流量监测equippmentt agee andd relliabiilityy 装备老老化及其可可靠性mechaanisttic ffacillitiees 机械械设备microobiall acttivitty 微生生物活性activvatedd sluudge 活性污泥泥contrrolliing rrespiiratiion 控控制呼吸oxidaationn dittchess 氧化沟沟on-liine aautommatioon

27、在线线自动监监测2 Bassed oon Reeadinng Maateriial, put the folllowinng innto EEngliish.手动控制 operratorr conntroll/ maanuall conntroll最优化 mminimmize the effeects微处理器 micrroproocesssor统计分析 stattistiical anallysiss质量衡算 masss ballancee动力学 ddynammics氧化还原 oxiddatioon annd reeducttion /reddox停留时间 resiidencce tiime模

28、拟 siimulaationn参数 paarameeter水解 hyydrollysiss积分 inntegrralUnit 23 (P.1557)1 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Engllish.吸声材料 sounnd addsorbbing mediia弹性介质 elasstic mediia蒸汽打桩机机 steeam-ppowerred ppile drivver耳塞 eaar pllug劳动部 ddeparrtmennt off labbor环保局 EEnvirronmeentall Prootecttion Agenncy （EPA）环保法 eenvirr

29、onmeentall prootecttion lawUnit 24 (P.1663)1 Putt thee folllowiing iinto Chinnese.preemmptedd andd deffacedd lannd 过早早地遭受破破坏的土地地persoonal convvenieencess 个人的的便利生活活条件lavissh deependdencyy 过量依依赖solarr colllecttors 太阳集热热器unduee saccrifiic 过度度牺牲sociaal atttituudes 社会态度度patteerns of llivinng 生活活方式再生纸废水水物

30、化处理理方法研究究摘要：通过过对三种无无机混凝剂剂（聚合氧氧化铝、聚聚合氯化铝铝、聚合硫硫酸铁）和和一种有机机混凝剂（聚聚丙烯酰胺胺）在不同同影响因素素（投加量量、pH 值、搅拌拌速度、搅搅拌时间）下下，对再生生纸废水物物化处理效效果的研究究，选出各各种混凝剂剂的最佳投投加量、ppH 值、搅搅拌速度和和搅拌时间间，结果聚聚合氧化铝铝在处理再再生纸废水水方面效果果最好。结结果表明：1%聚合氧氧化铝在ppH 值为为67范围内，投投加量为88mL，以以150rr/minn 的搅拌拌速度搅拌拌6 分钟，再再生纸废水水的浊度去去除率可以以达到900%以上，COOD 的去去除率可以以达到800%上。关键词

31、：再再生纸废水水；聚合氧氧化铝；聚聚合氯化铝铝；聚合硫硫酸铁；聚聚丙烯酰胺胺The PPhysiical-chemmistrry Prrocesssingg Metthod Reseearchh of Wastte Waater in tthe PProceess oofProduucingg Reggenerratedd PapperAbstrract: By way of rreseaarch threee kiinds of iinorgganicc coaagulaants ( poolymeerizaationn aluuminaa,pollymerrizattion alummin

32、umm chlloridde annd poolymeerizaationn iroon suulfatte ) and one kindd of orgaanicccoaguulantt ( ppolypprogyylenee pollyam ide ) unnder the diffferennt innflueence facttors ( thhrowiing tthecaapaciity aaddinng, ppHs valuue, sstirss speeed, stirrs tiime ), too wasste wwaterr in the proccess of pprodu

33、ucingg reggenerratedd papper tthe pphysiical chemmistrry prrocesssingg efffect, sellectss outt thaat vaariouus cooagullantss opttimumm thrrowinng thhe caapaciity aaddinng, ppHs valuue, sstirss speeed aand sstirss timme, cconclludess to polyymeriizatiion aalumiina aat thhe asspectt thaat deeals withh

34、 wasste wwaterr in the proccess of pproduucingg reggenerratedd papper eeffecct iss thee besst. IIndiccatess: 1%polyymeriizatiion aalumiina iin pHHs vvaluee is for 6 7 sccopess at lastt, thhrowss thee cappacitty adddingg forr 8mLL, wiith 1150r / miin thhe sttirriing sspeedd stiirredd 6 mminuttes, the

35、 haziinesss of wastte waater in tthe pproceess oof prroduccing regeeneraated papeer gooes tthat remoovingg ratte caan acchievve moore tthan 90%, andd CODD goees thhat rremovving ratee cann achhievee morre thhan 880%.Key wwordss: waaste wateer inn thee proocesss of prodducinng reegeneerateed paaper;polyymeriizatiion aalumiina;ppolymmerizzatioon alluminnum cchlorride; pollymerrizattion ironn sullfatee; poolyprrogyllene polyyam iide