资产专用性与员工薪酬的关系研究(DOC58)57691.docx
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1、资产专用性与员工薪酬的关系研究普通员工薪酬是一个广受社会各界关注的议题。当前通过拉动内需抵御经济危机的呼声再次将公众的焦点集中到了普通员工的薪酬。普通员工的薪酬由什么因素来决定,是理论界和实务界关注的重要问题。来自资料搜索网() 海量资料下载国内外对薪酬的的研究集中于于对经理人薪薪酬的研究,这这是因为对高高管薪酬的研研究有较为明明确的理论基基础委托代理理理论,其逻逻辑是通过对对经理人员薪薪酬契约的设设计,尽可能能使经理人和和股东的利益益相一致,从从而使得经理理为股东利益益服务。以这这一理论为依依据,众多的的文献研究了了高管薪酬契契约的影响因因素,如探讨讨公司业绩、公公司规模、资资本结构、行行业
2、特征、政政府管制、经经理人的年龄龄、任职期间间、是否企业业创始人等因因素对高管薪薪酬契约的影影响。学术界对普通员员工薪酬的研研究比较匮乏乏,一个重要要的原因是缺缺乏较好的理理论基础能很好解释释高管薪酬契契约的委托代代理理论较难难直接套用到到普通职工薪薪酬契约上。人人们认为,行行业、省份等等因素对职工工薪酬产生了了重要影响,但但目前还没有有一个清晰的的理论框架来来解释普通员员工薪酬由什什么来决定。本文基于产权理理论中的资产产专用性理论论,试图构建建关于普通员员工薪酬契约约影响因素的的分析框架。从Williaamson关关于资产专用用性的讨论出出发,本文依依循如下逻辑辑思路来论证证企业资产专专用性
3、对职工工薪酬的影响响机制:企业业为了在市场场竞争中胜出出,需要进行行专用性投资资,而专用性性资产作用的的发挥,需要要专用性人力力资本与之匹匹配。但这并并不意味着契契约双方企业和劳动动者一定相互套牢牢(holdd-up),相相反,由于劳劳动者的人力力资本具有更更大的适应性性和可迁移性性,致使企业业为了保证自自己的专有性性投资的收回回,需要向劳劳动者支付更更高的溢价(ppremiuum)来挽留留劳动者。由由此,我们提提出了本文的的核心假说:资产专专用性越高的的企业,将会会向员工支付付更高的薪酬酬。中国从20077年1月1日日开始实施的的新企业会计计准则要求上上市公司详细细披露职工薪薪酬的明细资资料
4、,为我们们进行实证检检验提供了数数据。对2007年度度沪深两市的的上市公司的的实证研究,在在一定程度上上支持了本文文的假说:在职工工薪酬的中低低水平区间(年年薪8万以下下,占全部样样本的约3/4),企业业资产专用性性越高,职工工薪酬越高。同时本文发现如如果将职工薪薪酬区分为工工资性薪酬(工资、奖金金、津贴和补补贴)和非工工资性薪酬(职工福利费费、社会保险险等),那么么在整体样本本上如下结论论都成立:企企业资产专用用性越高,职职工非工资性性薪酬越高。这说明对于普通通员工而言,薪薪酬契约可能能是复杂的:在薪酬水平平不高的区间间,薪酬总额额和非工资性性薪酬都随着企企业资产专用用性的提高而而提高;但是
5、是在薪酬水平平较高的区间间,由于工资资性薪酬受到管制制等可能的原原因,从而导导致只有非工工资性薪酬随着企业业资产专用性性的提高而提提高。本文同时研究了了制度环境对对上述结论的的影响。我们们发现:(1)资产专用用性与员工薪薪酬之间的正正相关关系,在在市场竞争强强度高的行业业中更为显著著;(2)资产专用用性与员工薪薪酬之间的正正相关关系,在在市场化程度度高也就是劳劳动力流动更更加便利的地地区中更为显显著。本文从产权经济济学的资产专专用性理论,为为普通员工的的薪酬决定机机理建立了理理论框架,并并用实证数据据初步验证了了这一框架。关键词: 职职工薪酬 非工资性薪薪酬 资产产专用性 市场化水平平 产品市
6、市场竞争强度度The Efffect oof Assset Sppecifiicity on Emmployeee SallaryAbstracctNon-mannageriial emmployeee sallary iis a ttopic that peoplle payy closse atttentioon to. Currenntly, the ppublicc focuus on it aggain bbecausse proomotinng dommesticc demaand iss deemmed ass an eeffecttive wway too resiist th
7、he gloobal ffinanccial ccrisiss. To find out tthe deetermiinantss of sstuff salarry is a criiticall probblem bboth iin theeory aand inn pracctice.Most reesearcch in the ffield of coompenssationn is aabout managgementt comppensattion. Becauuse thhere iis a cclear theorry to explaain maanagemment ccom
8、pennsatioon conntractt - tthe Prrincippal-aggent TTheoryy. Its loogic iis: ennterprrises shoulld dessign mmanageers comppensattion ccontraact inn suchh a maanner that managgers proofit wwill bbe coiincidee withh thatt of tthe sttockhoolders. Baased oon thiis theeory, a greeat nuumber of arrticlees a
9、pppearedd to sstudy the ddetermminantts of managgementt comppensattion ccontraact. FFor exxamplee, howw doess enteerprisse sizze, caapitall struucturee, inddustryy charracterristiccs, goovernmment bbehaviior, mmanageers agee, tennure pperiodd, fouunder or suuccesssor innfluennce coompenssationn cont
10、tract.Researcches oon nonn-manaageriaal empployeee salaary arre a llot feewer tthan oon mannagemeent coompenssationn; a cruucial reasoon is that theree is nnot a clearr theoory too expllain iit. Thhe Priincipaal-ageent Theoryy is usselesss in eexplaiining stafff salaary allthouggh it can eexplaiin m
11、annagemeent coompenssationn reallly weell. PPeoplee geneerallyy beliieve ffactorrs succh as indusstry aand prrovincce havve an impacct on emplooyee ssalaryy, howwever, theooreticcal frramewoork haas nott beenn set up too anallyze ddetermminantts of non-mmanageerial emplooyee ssalaryy conttract yet.
12、Our stuudy iss baseed on Assett Speccificiity Thheory, whicch is an immportaant paart off Propperty Rightss Theoory. WWe atttempt to seet up a fraameworrk to analyyze whhich ffactorrs inffluencce nonn-manaageriaal empployeee salaary coontracct.Our stuudy beegins with a disscussiion abbout aasset spe
13、ciificitty by Williiamsonn. Then we conttinue to annalyzee the mechaanism of thhe efffect oof assset sppecifiicity on emmployeee sallary, our llogic is ass folllows: the eenterpprise need to innvest in sppeciallized assetts to win in the fiercce commpetittion iin prooduct markeet. Ennterprrise nneed
14、 tto invvest iin speecialiized hhuman capittal soo thatt the speciializeed asssets aare fuully eemployyed. BBut thhis dooes noot meaan botth parrties- thee enteerprisse andd the emplooyeemmutuall holdd-up, actuaally, as emmployeee cann shifft to a neww job, and adaptt to aa new envirronmennt rellati
15、veely eaasier, enteerprisse hass to ppay itts empployeee moree premmiums to leet himm stayy, or its innvestmment iin speecialiized aassetss coulld nott be rrecoveered. Thereefore, we dderivee our essenntial hypotthesiss: empployeee salaary iss highher inn enteerprisses wiith moore sppeciallized asse
16、tts.The neww “Acccountiing Sttandarrd forr Enteerprisses” oof Chinaa requiires listeed commpaniees to discllose detaiiled inforrmatioon aboout sttaff rremuneeratioon payabbles ssince Januaary 1sst, 20007, tthis nnew reegulattion pproviddes uss withh dataa for empirrical analyysis.Our emppiricaal res
17、searchh on llistedd comppaniess of SShanghhai annd Sheenzhenn stocck marrkets suppoorts oour hyypotheesis tto somme exttent: when emplooyee ssalaryy is nnot hiigh (nno morre thaan 80,000 pper yeear, mmakingg up aabout 75% oof thee wholle sammple), emplloyee salarry is higheer in enterrprisees withh
18、moree speccializzed asssets.Furtherrmore, we ffind tthat iif we separrate nnon-waage (wwelfarre et al.) incomme froom wagge inccome, then the ffollowwing cconcluusion is trrue inn the wholee sampple: eemployyee noon-wagge inccome iis higgher iin entterpriises wwith mmore sspeciaalizedd asseets.Our c
19、onnclusiions iindicaate thhat saalary contrract ccould be coompliccated to emmployeee: whhen saalary is noot higgh, tootal ssalaryy and non-wwage ssalaryy incrreasess whenn speccializzed asssets are iinvestted inn; wheen sallary iis higgh, onnly noon-wagge sallary iincreaases wwhen sspeciaalizedd as
20、seets arre invvestedd in. One possiible rreasonn for this phenoomenonn is tthat wwage iincomee is rrestriicted when it iss at hhigh llevel. We alsoo pay attenntion to thhe efffect oof insstituttionall enviironmeent onn the abovee empiiricall resullts, and wwe finnd thaat:(1)The posittive rrelatiion
21、beetweenn asseet speecificcity aand emmployeee sallary iis strrongerr in iindusttries wheree prodduct mmarkett comppetitiion iss moree inteense;(2) Thee posiitive relattion bbetweeen assset sppecifiicity and eemployyee saalary is sttrongeer in areass wherre labbor maarket is weell deevelopped.In thi
22、ss artiicle, we seet up a theeoretiical fframewwork tto anaalyze deterrminannt mechaniism off non-managgeriall emplloyee salarry conntractt baseed on Assett Speccificiity Thheory, whichh is aa partt of PProperrty Rightss Econommics, and oour emmpiriccal reesultss alsoo prove iit bassicallly.Key Worr
23、ds: EEmployyee saalary Non-wage salarry Assset sspecifficityy Extentt of markettizatiion IIntenssity oof prooduct compeetitioon目录第一章 引言言1第一节 研究究内容及意义义1第二节 研究究方法与创新点3第三节 论文文结构3第二章 文献献回顾5第一节 关于于薪酬的文献献回顾5一、职工薪酬释释义5二、关于高管薪薪酬的研究5三、关于普通员员工薪酬的研研究7第二节 关于于资产专用性的文文献回顾8第三章 制度度背景分析与与研究假说的提出10第一节 制度度背景分析10一、我国的薪
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