综合实验——停留时间分布综合实验报告46216.docx

《综合实验——停留时间分布综合实验报告46216.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《综合实验——停留时间分布综合实验报告46216.docx（75页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、停留时间分分布综合实实验报告停留时间分分布综合实实验一、实验目目的 11.掌握用用脉冲示踪踪法测定停停留时间分分布及数据据处理方法法； 22.了解和和掌握停留留时间分布布函数的基基本原理； 33.了解停停留时间分分布与模型型参数的关关系；4. 了解多级混混本实验通通过单釜、多多釜及管式式反应器中中停留时间间分布的测测定，将数据计算算结果用多多釜串联模模型来定量量返混程度度，从而认认识限制返返混的措施施和釜、管式式反应器特特性； 55.了解和和掌握模型型参数N的的物理意义义及计算方方法。二、实验原原理 在在连续流动动反应器中中，由于反反应物料的的返混以及及在反应器器内出现的的层流，死死角，短路路

2、等现象，使使得反应物物料在反应应器中的停停留时间有有长有短，即即形成停留留时间分布布，影响反反应进程和和最终结果果。测定物物料的停留留时间分布布是描述物物料在反应应器内的流流动特性和和进行反应应器设计计计算的内容容之一。 停停留时间分分布可以用用停留时间间分布密度度函数 EE(t)和和停留时间间分布函数数 F(tt)来表示示，这两种种概率分布布之间存在在着对应关关系，本实实验只是用用冲脉示踪踪法来测定定 E(tt)，利用用其对应关关系也可以以求出 FF(t)来来。函数 E(t)的定义是是：在某一一瞬间加入入系统一定定量示踪物物料，该物物料中各流流体粒子将将经过不同同的停留时时间后依次次流出，而

3、而停留时间间在t，tt+dt间的物料料占全部示示踪物料的的分率为 E(t)dt。根根据定义EE(t)有有归一化性性质： (1)E(t)可可以用其他他量表示为为 (2) 其其中：Q00主流体体体积流量，MM为示踪物物量，c(t)为tt时刻流出出的示踪剂剂浓度。 对对停留时间间分布密度度函数E(t)有两两个重要概概念，数学学期望和方方差，它们们分别定义义为E(tt)对原点点的一次矩矩和二次矩矩。 当实验数数据的数量量大，且所所获样品是是瞬间样品品，即相应应于某时刻刻t下的样样品，则： (3) (4)式中tii是两次取取样时间，若若等时间间间隔取样， (5)对恒容稳定定流动系统统有： (66)为了使

4、用方方便，常用用对比时间间来代换tt，经这样样变换后，有有以下关系系： (7) (88)对全混流，对对活塞流，对对一般情况况。用无因次来来评价反应应器内的流流动状态比比较方便，一一般可将实实际反应器器当做多级级串联釜式式反应器加加以描述，并并认为每级级为全混流流反应釜，各各级存料量量相等，级级间无返混混。对多级级全混釜有有（N为串串联全混釜釜的个数）： (9)三、实验仪仪器、设备备和试剂实验仪器与与设备：釜釜式反应器器(两个)、管式反反应器（一一个）、水水泵（一个个）、转子子流量计，阀阀门，管线线若干，电电导率仪三三台，分析析天平；实验试剂：饱和KCCl溶液。四、实验装装置原理图图1-水槽；2

5、磁力泵；3调节阀；4三通阀；5注射器；6、10、11、16球阀；7、8反应釜；9、12、13电导率仪；14转子流量计；15废液槽五、实验安安排5.1实验验内容1、安装实实验装置。2、测定不不同浓度下下KCl电电导率的标标准曲线（最最大值为22mS）。计计算对示踪踪剂注入量量，并根据据反应器体体积计算KKCl溶液液的浓度范范围是否在在可测量范范围。3、选择合合适的流量量，将平均均停留时间间保持在110200min，注注入适量的的示踪剂，测测定单釜不不同时间的的电导率值值，绘制单单釜停留时时间与电导导关系曲线线，计算停停留时间分分布函数及及停留时间间分布密度度函数。4、选择合合适流量，将将平均停留

6、留时间保持持在1020miin，注入入适量的示示踪剂，测测定两釜并并联条件下下的电导率率值，计算算并绘制单单釜及两釜釜并联的停停留时间与与电导关系系曲线，计计算停留时时间分布函函数及停留留时间分布布密度函数数。5、按4进进行两釜串串联实验。6、测定釜釜式、管式式反应器串串联的停留留时间分布布曲线，并并计算停留留时间分布布函数及密密度分布函函数。7、大型智智能仪器的的操作使用用，用其测测量釜式反反应器串联联的停留时时间分布曲曲线，并计计算停留时时间分布函函数及密度度分布函数数。5.2实验验安排时间实验内容2015.11.2上午指导老师讲讲解实验原原理，安排排实验时间间，自行组组装实验装装置；单釜

7、不转，水水流量Q=4L/hh,平均停停留时间保保持在200-40mmin，注注入饱和KKCl溶液液示踪剂22.0mll，记录单单釜不同时时间的电导导率值；下午单釜中转，水水流量Q=4、6LL/h,平平均停留时时间保持在在20-440minn，注入饱饱和KCll溶液示踪踪剂2.00ml，分分别记录单单釜不同时时间的电导导率值；2013.11.3上午休息下午单釜、中转转，水流量量Q=8LL/h,平平均停留时时间保持在在20-440minn，注入饱饱和KCll溶液示踪踪剂2.00ml,记记录单釜在在不同时间间的电导率率值；双釜串联、双双釜都不转转，水流量量Q=4LL/h平均均停留时间间保持在220-

8、400min，注注入饱和KKCl溶液液示踪剂22.0mll,记录双双釜串联在在不同时间间的电导率率值；2013.11.44上午两釜串联、一一釜中转，一一釜大转，水水流量Q=2、4、66L/h，平平均停留时时间保持在在20-440minn，注入饱饱和KCll溶液示踪踪剂2.00ml,记记录双釜串串联在不同同时间的电电导率值；下午两釜并联、一一釜中转，一一釜大转，水水流量Q=2、4、66L/h，和和两釜不转转，水流量量Q=4LL/h平均均停留时间间保持在220-400min，注注入饱和KKCl溶液液示踪剂22.0mll,记录双双釜并联在在不同时间间的电导率率值；2015.11.55上午休息下午管釜

9、串联，釜釜式反应器器转速中等等。选定水水的流量QQ=4和66L/h。将将平均停留留时间保持持在20-40miin，注入入饱和KCCl溶液示示踪剂2.0ml,记录管釜釜串联在不不同时间的的电导率值值2015.11.6上午真实设备测测量电导率率确定停留留时间下午处理实验报报告六、数据处处理6.1KCCl电导率率的标准曲曲线电导率(uuS/cmm)14.94473.9147717.88141327676668129000浓度(mool/L)0.000010.000050.00110.00550.010.020.050.1由origgin作图图，可得到到如下：经过线性模模拟，我们们得到其电电导率和浓浓

10、度之间是是线性关系系，其相关关的数值如如下表：从上表中，我我们不难发发现，电导导率和浓度度之间的关关系的线性性关系很强强，得到：6.2单釜釜、不转、流流量Q=44L/h时间(s)电导率(S/cmm)浓度(mool/L)tc(t)s(mmol/LL)tc(tt)s(moll/L)02700.001152077140052700.001152077140.007760355690.0388018102700.001152077140.015520711370.1522071153680.002227900680.034418600210.5122790204060.002257311240.051

11、146244771.0299250253970.002250344790.062258699771.5644674303830.002239511430.071185422822.1555628354130.002262722920.091195522213.2188433404410.002284399650.113375855884.5500344454450.002287499180.129937133085.8211709504450.002287499180.143374588987.1877295554670.003304511610.167748388429.2111611604

12、610.002299877310.1799923885510.79954311654630.003301422080.1955923448912.73350277704800.003314577590.2200203111615.41142188754880.003320766650.2400574889618.04431177804790.003313800200.2511041663920.08833311854680.003305288990.2599496442222.05571966904650.003302966840.2722671557424.54404422954760.00

13、3311488060.2955906552828.111112001004700.003306833760.3066837557030.688375771054690.003306066370.3211366992633.744352771104630.003301422080.3311562882836.477191111154660.003303744220.3499303558340.166991221204590.002298322540.3577990551542.955886221254600.002299099930.3733874007546.733425991304540.0

14、02294455630.3822793115649.766311001354640.003302199460.4077962668855.077496331404630.003301422080.4211989005459.077846881454650.003302966840.4399304220263.699910991504740.003309933290.4644899334169.733490111554890.003321544040.4988387555677.255007111604830.003316899740.5077035779781.122572771654720.

15、003308388520.5088835663383.955787991704840.003317677120.5400041004791.800697881754770.003312255440.5466445117795.622790661804630.003301422080.5422557335597.666032441854820.003316122350.58448285553108.119328821904790.003313800200.59662238893113.228254401954700.003306833760.59883332262116.667498862004

16、660.003303744220.60774844492121.449689982054620.003300644690.61663261190126.334686692104550.002295233010.61999832221130.119647762154690.003306066370.65880370039141.447796632204640.003302199460.66448280085146.226217792254720.003308388520.69338667772156.112002242304820.003316122350.72770841147167.2229

17、35542354730.003309155910.72665237798170.773309932404620.003300644690.72115526613173.117262272454690.003306066370.74998561161183.771475592504710.003307611140.76990285503192.225712262554670.003304511610.77665159996198.001157792604810.003315344970.81999092249213.117640052654670.003304511610.80669676604

18、213.884641152704630.003301422080.81338360033219.773572292754580.002297555160.81882668895225.002339962804530.002293688240.82223108840230.224703352854600.002299099930.85224328891242.994337742904610.002299877310.86996319964252.119327702954550.002295233010.87009288810256.992399993004580.002297555160.892

19、26547794267.779643383054530.002293688240.89557314451273.119809933104540.002294455630.91228144449282.997247793154560.002296000390.93224123398293.770990053204670.003304511610.97444514446311.882446633254690.003306066370.99447071152323.227982243304560.002296000390.97668129989322.334828863354510.00229213

20、3480.97886515516327.884825583404580.002297555161.01116754433343.996964473454500.002291366101.00551952278346.779237713504510.002292133481.02224717734357.886510073554530.002293688241.04225726673370.111329993604530.002293688241.05772567795380.661244463654470.002289033951.05449940018385.007281173704400.

21、002283622261.04994037768388.227939943754370.002281300111.05448793301395.557973383804420.002285177031.08336471148411.778591163854480.002289811331.11557811159429.557574463904460.002288266561.12442359941438.445201173954340.002278977971.10119696633435.227800054004350.002279755351.11990139940447.66055776

22、4054400.002283622261.14886716692465.221203354104310.002276655821.13442984460465.006236694154370.002281300111.16773997760484.447090004204390.002282844881.18779649998498.994529994254320.002277433201.17990859966501.111153364304360.002280522731.20662674459518.669500074354300.002275888431.20000968836522.

23、004212234404280.002274333671.20770813339531.111578894454290.002275111051.22442417721544.778756664504250.002272011521.22440682288550.883072294554290.002275111051.25117527770569.554751114604280.002274333671.26119486673580.449638894654360.002280522731.30444520019606.557018894704290.002275111051.2933019

24、3345607.771909924754260.002272788901.29557477779615.448019954804270.002273566281.31331016618630.228877764854230.002270466751.31117674438636.220720074904220.002269699371.32114990042647.553453304954260.002272788901.35003055580668.440126625004140.002263500301.31775151170658.775758855104080.002258866001

25、.32001862245673.229498855204130.002262722921.36661918856710.441976655304100.002260400771.38001608863731.448525575404150.002264277691.42770950071770.663133385504020.002254211711.39881938841769.000661135604030.002254999091.42779490001799.665144405703990.002251899561.43558047743818.440870045803970.0022

26、50344791.45220178861842.117035595903980.002251122171.48116182254874.115477706003990.002251899561.51113734414906.882404486103950.002248800021.51776814495925.778571126204000.002252666941.56665502280971.226117746303910.002245700491.54779410002975.220283316403850.002241066191.54227963384987.338968866503

27、900.002244933111.592205200851034.83388556603870.002242600961.601122333401056.80744056703810.002237966661.594437622941068.23211176803770.002234877131.597712477521086.04488316903760.002234099751.615527244461114.53799887003760.002234099751.638868211921147.07755347203710.002230222831.657764377671193.503

28、55127403680.002227900681.686651033791248.01766817603640.002224811151.708856722781298.51111327803640.002224811151.753352955751367.75300698003570.002219399471.755515733361404.12588698203570.002219399471.799903622691475.20977418403520.002215522551.810041433011520.74800138603480.002212433021.82668996617

29、1571.13366708803490.002213200401.876619533671651.05199239003450.002210100871.890097822551701.88044309203440.002209333491.925588077491771.81022899403400.002206233951.938865166761822.33255759603380.002204699191.965504200291886.44033489803350.002202377041.983322977731943.565117810003320.002200044892.00

30、0048899202000.488992010203300.001198500122.024471255462065.206779710403320.002200044892.080050844772163.728881610603330.002200822272.128872088642256.444111610803260.001195400592.110038377852279.214448811003240.001193855822.132244066842345.684775211203240.001193855822.171121233332431.757881311403230.

31、001193088442.201116233082509.325003111703210.001191533682.240097999872621.946558412003190.001189988912.279986900682735.842888212303180.001189211532.327734766732862.637663812603160.001187666762.364461177102979.410775412903110.001183799842.370099988893058.589885713203110.001183799842.426613944213202.5

32、04003613503070.001180700312.439949200803293.314330713803070.001180700312.493370300153441.310116014103040.001178388162.515518088983546.405006714403020.001176833402.546640900533666.829003614703010.001176066012.588808399263804.483337115003000.001175288632.629929455003943.941775015602980.001173733862.71

33、0032277534228.103449416202960.001172199102.789949388114518.979997416802920.001169099572.840080699544772.555668217402900.001167544802.915533500265072.682994518002890.001166777423.001193488625403.482775218602870.001165222653.073321288445716.175889019202850.001163677883.142263366326033.856557319802850.

34、001163677883.240084099336416.8650047由origgin作图图得到，时时间与浓度度之间的关关系如下图图：由上表中的的数据，用用origgin作图图并模拟积积分得：6.3单釜釜、中转、流流量Q=44L/h时间/s电导率SS/cm浓度(mool/L)tc(t)s(mmol/LL)tc(tt)s(moll/L)02840.00116290050 0 0 53820.00223874404 0.01119370022 0.0599685 109000.00663958849 0.06339584490 0.6399585 159820.00770303390 0.105

35、54558856 1.5811838 209980.00771542203 0.14330840068 2.8611681 25990.00001974463 0.00449365567 0.1233414 30940.00001587771 0.00447631134 0.1422894 359860.00770613344 0.24771470028 8.6500146 409810.00770226652 0.28009060084 11.23362433 459740.00669684484 0.31335817777 14.11111800 509660.00669065577 0.

36、34553288873 17.26664444 559560.00668291194 0.37556056690 20.65583133 609500.00667827765 0.40669658870 24.41179522 659420.00667208858 0.43668557771 28.39956255 709330.00666512213 0.46555849926 32.59909455 759250.00665893307 0.49441980006 37.06648500 809170.00665274400 0.52221920022 41.77753622 859090

37、.00664654494 0.54995669972 46.71131933 909000.00663958849 0.57556264410 51.80063777 958910.00663262204 0.60009894400 57.09939933 1008840.00662720036 0.62772036604 62.72203600 1058750.00662023391 0.65112510081 68.38813644 1108670.00661404485 0.67554533325 74.29998666 1158590.00660785578 0.69990365503

38、 80.38891988 1208510.00660166672 0.72220006617 86.64400744 1258420.00559470027 0.74333783378 92.92222977 1308340.00558851121 0.76550656670 99.45585377 1358270.00558309952 0.78771785570 106.22691007 1408190.00557690046 0.80776664425 113.00732999 1458110.00557071139 0.82775352214 119.99926006 1508050.

39、00556607710 0.84991064433 127.33659665 1557970.00555988803 0.86778144476 134.55112444 1607880.00555291158 0.88446653325 141.55464552 1657810.00554749990 0.90333733368 149.00566006 1707750.00554285560 0.92228552243 156.88853991 1757670.00553666654 0.93991644410 164.33537772 1807610.00553202224 0.9577

40、6403304 172.33752555 1907480.00552196626 0.99117289917 188.44284994 2007340.00551112290 1.02222579908 204.44515882 2107210.00550106692 1.05222452217 220.99714996 2207100.00449255570 1.08336254422 238.33975993 2306970.00448249972 1.10997435576 255.22410223 2406870.00447475589 1.13994213353 273.44611225 2506760.00446624468 1.16556168890 291.44042223 2606660.00445850084 1.19221219960 309.99517009 2706550.00444999963 1.21449900024 328.00473006 2806450.00444225580 1.23883223386 346.773