2021-2022学年北京市顺义区第一中学高二上学期期中质量检测英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2021-2022学年北京市顺义区第一中学高二上学期期中质量检测英语试题一、完形填空（共10小题；每题分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最 正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On an airplane as she was flying across the United States, Dr. Jane Goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her. She asked the woman why she was so tired, and the woman said she was absolut

2、ely because shed been up at two in the morning trying to 2 the water.Her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughters passion had turned to making sure her family was eco-friendly. They were staying at the womans brothers house the night before her trip, and in the middle

3、 of the night her daughter woke up to the3 of a dripping faucet （水龙头）.The daughter asked for help turning it off as the faucet handle was 4, The only way to 5 the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawnto find the main valve （阀 f J） to turn the water off, and her daughter wouldnt go to sleep u

4、ntil the leak stopped. So at two in the morning everyone in the family was out in the yard helping to dig to turn off the water.Young people have much more power to start and accomplish changes than what 6 may believe. When children make a change in their lives, families are dragged along to become

5、environmentally friendly.The story also shows that small actions can have a big impact. We 7 to think about big events like Clean and Green Week. Instead, a lot of small changes can make a （n）8 Ifhundreds or thousands of students 9 their families to turn off the tap to save water, movethe air condit

6、ioning temperature up a degree or two in summer, drive less and make other environmentally-friendly changes, the 10 family may change its behaviors.1. A. exhausted2. A. turn onalong3. A. sound4. A. opened5. A. stop6. A. officials7. A. plan8. A. living9. A. want10. A. rich【答案】l.A2.BB. delightedB. tur

7、n offB. voiceB. thrownB. breakB. teenagersB. tendB. differenceB. allowB. large3. A 4. D 5. AC. sadC. take alongC. rhymeC. droppedC. holdC. teachersC. attemptC. effortC. convinceC. entire6. D 7.BD.angryD. bringD. musicD. brokenD. cutD. adultsD. meanD. fortuneD. forceD. ordinary8. B 9. C 10. Cwould be

8、 to ban fossil-fueled cars, that wont help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.In March 2021, 10 London pigeons became famous. These pigeons took to the sky from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution Onc

9、e in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. Londons air pollution problem has been getting worse for years

10、, and it often rises to more than three times the European Unions legal limit.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollution1 in 2021. A seven-metre-high Smog Free Tower, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijings 751 D Park

11、 in September 2021.It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles （颗粒）are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive change The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. Changing smog particles does not take muc

12、h current.1 Roosegaarde said. As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free,* cufflinks（袖扣）.If collected on at a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material

13、.Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Ailison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. It

14、 means that you are actually taking carbon（碳）out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build, says Dring.The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles, cufflinks, the special building surface a

15、nd pigeons wearing back-packs will have brought the issue more to the publics attention.28. The 10 pigeons in London were used toB. warn LondonersD. promote backpacksB. It is built of agricultural by-productsD. It can attract light and wind from allB. How are the worlds cities fightingD. What makes

16、smog a worldwideB. warn LondonersD. promote backpacksB. It is built of agricultural by-productsD. It can attract light and wind from allB. How are the worlds cities fightingD. What makes smog a worldwideA. monitor air pollutionC. update weather forecast29. What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower

17、?A. Its power consumption is high.C. PM waste from it can be reused.sides.30. Whats the best title for the passage?A. When can humans get rid of smog?smog?C. Why is technology used to fight smog?problem?31. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?1: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-po

18、int（次要点）C: Conclusion【答案】28. A29. C 30. B 31. B【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了在英国伦敦人们用鸽子 来监测空气污染情况的故事，而全世界各地也是为了减轻空气污染提出了不同的有效方法。【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “In March 2021, 10 London pigeons became famous. These pigeons took to the sky from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air

19、 pollution Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below2021年3月，10只伦敦鸽子知名了。这些鸽子从伦敦北部的樱草花山（Primrose Hill） 起飞，背着监测空气污染的背包。一旦进入空气，背包就会向下面伦敦人的智能 发送实 时的空气质量更新。）可知，10只鸽子是用来检测空气污染情况的，应选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“As for what to do with the collected PM was

20、te, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste.（至于如何处理收集到的PM垃圾，他目前已 经成立了一家企业，用这些垃圾制作珠宝。可知，从中产生的粉末废物可以再利用，应 选C。【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的 “The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles cufflinks,

21、 the special building surface and pigeons wearing back-packs will have brought the issue more to the publics attention.（与室外空气污染的斗争才刚刚开始。即使这些想法都不被接受，至少查尔斯王子的袖扣、 特殊的建筑外表和背背包的鸽子会让公众更加关注这个问题。）可知，作者通过这篇文章 主要向我们描述了在英国伦敦人们用鸽子来监测空气污染情况的故事，而全世界各地也是为 了减轻空气污染提出了不同的有效方法，应选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文第一段 “and so som

22、e high-tech solutions are now on the cards （一些高科技解决方案现在是有可能的引出话题，后面分别描述伦敦，北京和墨西哥应 对空气污染的方法，这是三个要点，在第二个要点，即北京应对空气污染的方法中又提到了 两个次要点，即“雾霾净化塔和对PM废物的处理；文章最后一段“The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting.（与室外空气污染的斗争才刚刚开始。）”说明，最 后一段是总结全文，因此文章结构是B选项，应选B。第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项

23、中有两项为多余选项。Stop Negative TalkIm so fat/ one of your friends says. The girl next to her joins in. Welf, I hate my hair today. Without thinking, you respond No, you ate not fat! I am fat. And my hair is flat and boring. 32It is easy for people to engage in self-critical conversations, and once it start

24、s there is often pressure for you to join in. 33 Maybe it is because just talking“ feels harmless. But before you know it, those opinions flow out of your conversations and into your life, where they start eating away at your self-respect.34 When you start talking about yourself in a negative way, y

25、ou are not only affecting your self-respect, but your friends! When you criticize yourself, your friends might think you have the same standards for them. You have heard that it is important to treat others the way you want to be treated, but there is also value in treating yourself like you treat y

26、our friends. If you wouldnt criticize your friend for the same thing, chances are that you are being too hard on yourself. So, dont start it.But what if someone else starts? For example, your friend feels insecure about how well he played in his soccer game, so he puts himself down. I suck at soccer

27、. 35 Ask him, “do you really think that? Why? Maybe he is actually upset about a comment someone made, or is just getting down on himself over one bad play. Whatever it is, talking through the real issue will help him more than slipping into another negative talk.It is important to talk to your frie

28、nd about your insecurities, but make sure you are not talking about them just to put yourself down. 36 Instead of just focusing on the negative, talk about what makes you and your friends beautiful and unique-including what you love about your body und what you have accomplished. When you show yours

29、elf love, you set yourself as an example, and everyone benefits from you positively.A. Negative talk affects self-respect.B. Criticizing yourself helps nobody.C. But why do we hesitate to praise ourselves?D. But why is it acceptable to talk so negatively?E. All it takes is just one comment and the n

30、egative talk starts.F. It is better to resist negative conversations and create more balanced ones.G. Before everyone puts himself down, see if you can get to the root of the problem【答案】32. E 33. D 34. B 35. G 36. F【解析】【分析】本文主要讲的是人们很容易参与到自我批评的谈话中，一旦开始，你就会有压力让 你参与进来，当你以消极的方式讨论自己时不仅会伤到自己的自尊，还会伤到自己的朋友，

31、 和你的朋友讨论你的不平安感很重要，但要保证不是在讨论他们，只是为了让自己失望。【32题详解】考查语境的理解。根据“Without thinking, you respond: No, you are not fat! I am fat. And my hair is flat and boring/z 句意:没有思考你就会答复，不，你胖了，我的头发是平的，很无聊。可知，它带来了很多消极的评论。应选E。【33题详解】考查语境的理解。根据“It is easy fbr people to engage in self-critical conversations, and once it sta

32、rts there is often pressure for you to join in. 2 Maybe it is because “just talking“ feels harmless. But before you know it, those opinions flow out of your conversations and into your life, where they start eating away at your self-respect句意:人们很容易参与到自我批评的谈话中， 一旦开始，你就会有压力让你参与进来。应选D。【34题详解】考查语境的理解。根据

33、When you start talking about yourself in a negative way, you are not only affecting your self-respect, but your friends?! When you criticize yourself your friends might think you have the same standards for them. z，句意:当你以消极的方式讨论自己时不仅会伤到自己的 自尊，还会伤到自己的朋友。应选B。【35题详解】考查语境的理解。根据But what if someone else s

34、tarts? For example, your friend feels insecure about how well he played in his soccer game, so he puts himself down”可知，你的朋友对他在 足球赛中的表现表示不安，所以说我很讨厌足球。应选G。【36题详解】考查语境的理解。根据It is important to talk to your friend about your insecurities, but make sure you are not talking about them just to put yourself

35、down可知，和你的朋友讨论你的不平安感 很重要，但要保证不是在讨论他们，只是为了让自己失望。应选F。【名师点睛】七选五旨在考查学生对全文整体理解和对信息辨析的能力.做此题时需要先了 解文章的整体结构，再综合上下文进行推理判断。解此类题主要从以下六步骤做起：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三 个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段 主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接

36、标志词。步骤五：区分相似项步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。例如文章的 ， 小题根据Without thinking, you respond: No, you are not fat! I am fat.And my hair is flat and boring.， 1 句意:没有思考你就会答复，不，你胖了，我的头 发是平的，很无聊。可知，它带来了很多消极的评论。根据“But what if someone else starts? For example, your friend feels insecure about how well he played in his soccer

37、 game, so he puts himself down可知，你的朋友对他在足球赛中的表现表示不安，所以说我很讨厌足球。第三节阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写 下相关信息，完成对该问题的答复。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Green is the Way to GoToday, communities around the US are going green. For some, that means paying attention to the environment by recycling of controlling pol

38、lution. But others are turning their neighborhoods green by planting community gardens.Green Brings BenefitsA growing number of government and community leaders point out that gardening is a great way to improve the appearance of a neighborhood, It also unites neighborhood residents （居民）. Research a

39、t Texas A &. M University and the University of Illinois shows that city areas with more green have less crime.One Neighborhood *s StoryNorris Square in Philadelphia is a neighborhood that has benefits from a community garden. In the 1980s, Norris Square was known for its run-down buildings and vaca

40、nt parking lots filled with rubbish. Then a group of Puerto Rican women planted vegetables and flowers in one vacant lot. Soon there was also an out-door kitchen and colorful murals（壁画）showing rural life in Puerto Rico.The community garden became a place of beauty and a source of fresh food for Norr

41、is Square residents. It also became a source of neighborhood pride. Soon people were working together to do home repairs, clean up other vacant lots, remove graffiti, and plant more trees and flowers throughout the neighborhood.Today, instead of fights in the park, there are festivals. Instead of ab

42、andoned cars along the streets, there are trees. People can now enjoy a neighborhood that is cleaner, safer, and more beautiful.Plant Your Own SeedsIf you want to start a community garden in your area, you can get information from theCommunity Gardening Association at www munitygarden. org.37. How a

43、re communities around the US going green besides recycling or controlling pollution?（不 多于四个词）Write one of the benefits of gardening .（不多于六个单词）38. What did the Puerto Rican women do in the vacant lot?（不多于五个单词）Why does the author mention the story of Norris Square in Philadelphia?（不多于八个单词） 【答案】37. By

44、planting community gardens.38. Improve the appearance of a neighborhood.39. They planted vegetables and flowers.40. As an example benefiting from a community garden.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国各地 社区正在走向绿色，除了通过控制污 染的循环利用来关注环境，也有人通过种植社区花园来绿化他们的社区，园艺有很多优点， 能够改善社区外观，还团结了社区居民。接着，作者举例了费城的诺里斯广场，是一个受益 于社区花园的社区

45、。【37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第段 “Today, communities around the US are going green. For some, that means paying attention to the environment by recycling of controlling pollution. But others are turning their neighborhoods green by planting community gardens.（今天， 美国各土也的社区正在 走向绿色。对一些人来说，这意味着通过控制污染的循环利用来关注环境。但也有人通

46、过种 植社区花园来绿化他们的社区可知，除了回收控制污染外，美国各地的社区还通过“种 植社区花园走向绿色，故答案为By planting community gardens。【38题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段 u A growing number of government and community leaders point out that gardening is a great way to improve the appearance of a neighborhood（越来越多的政府和社 区领导人指出，园艺是改善社区外观的一个好方法）可知，园艺能改善社区外观。因此， 园艺的好处

47、之一是“改善社区的外观，故答案为Improve the appearance of a neighborhood。【39题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段 “Then a group of Puerto Rican women planted vegetables and flowers in one vacant lot.（然后一群波多黎各妇女在一个空置的停车场种植蔬菜和鲜花）可 知，波多黎各妇女在空地上种植了蔬菜和鲜花，故答案为They planted vegetables and flowers.【40题详解】考查推理判断。根据上文可知，美国各地的社区正在走向绿色，许多社区种植花园来绿化社

48、 区，再根据第三段 u Norris Square in Philadelphia is a neighborhood that has benefits from a community garden.（费城的诺里斯广场是一个受益于社区花园的社区）可推知，作者提到费 城诺里斯广场的故事的原因是：为了举例说明受益于社区花园的社区。故答案为As an example benefiting from a community garden.四、根据首字母或汉语意思，用本单元所学词或词组的正确形式填空，每空一 词。（共10小题；每题1分，共10分）We want to i（使参与，包含）as many people as possible in the celebrations.根 据中英文提示填空）【答案】involve#nvolve【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：我们想在庆祝活动中邀请尽可能多的人。设空处接在不定式to 后，应用动词原形，根据中英文提示，故填involve。41. A terrible accident o（发生）when he was 12, which changed his life.（根据中英文 提示