关于土工合成材料在水利工程中的应用及其施工方法研究中英文对照.doc

《关于土工合成材料在水利工程中的应用及其施工方法研究中英文对照.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《关于土工合成材料在水利工程中的应用及其施工方法研究中英文对照.doc（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 关于土工合成材料在水利工程中的应用及其施工方法研究中英文对照About geosynthetic materials application in water conservancy project and its construction method to study Chinese and English language compared 工程中为了起到保护或加强土体的作用一般将土工合成材料置于土体表层或各层土体之间。土工合成材料具有防渗、排水、反滤、防护、加筋和隔离等功能，如今在水利工程中，其规模与作用是其他工程领域无法比较的。就目前来说，土工合成材料是继木材、钢材与水泥之后的第四

2、种建筑材料。本文主要分析了土工合成材料的施工技术和土工合成材料在工程施工中的应用。Projects in order to protect or enhance the role of the geosynthetic materials are placed in the soil of soil surface layer or between the layers of soil. Geosynthetic materials has the seepage control and drainage, filter, the function such as protection, re

3、inforcement and isolation, now in water conservancy project, its size and function is unmatched by other engineering field. For now, geosynthetic materials is the fourth after wood, steel and cement building materials. This article mainly analyzes the construction technology of geosynthetic material

4、s and geosynthetic materials in the application of the engineering construction. 1 土工合成材料的分类1 the classification of the geosynthetic materials 土工合成材料的主要原料有聚乙烯、聚丙烯以及聚氯乙烯等高分子聚合物，主要分为土工织物、土工膜、土工符合材料以及土工特种材料。在近几年的水利工程中土工织物、土工膜以及土工复合材料的使用相对较多。土工织物分为有纺土工织物和无纺土工织物两种类型，在大坝工程中通常使用针刺无纺土工织物作为配水反滤设施，主要是它具有空隙率高、

5、渗透性大以及排水性好的优点。土工膜具有很好的防渗性能，并且价格廉价。但是由于其CBR的顶破强度较弱，因此不适用于防渗要求较高的工程部位。由于土工复合材料将两种或两种以上的土工合成材料组合成了一种产品，不但品种繁多、功能各异，并且还具有防渗和排水两个作用，因此，在大坝工程中土工复合材料应用相对较多。The main raw material of geosynthetic materials has the polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and PVC, mainly divided into geotextiles, geomembr

6、ane, geotextile composite material and geotechnical specialty materials. In water conservancy engineering in recent years to geotextiles, use of geomembrane and geotechnical composite material is relatively more. Geotextiles, divided into two types of woven geotextiles and non-woven geotextiles, usu

7、ally used in dam acupuncture non-woven geotextiles, used as water filter facilities, major is that it has high porosity, permeability and the advantages of good drainage. Geomembrane has the very good anti-seepage performance, and cheaper prices. But because of the CBR bursting strength is weak, so

8、not meeting the requirements of anti-seepage engineering parts. Due to geotechnical composite material will two or more than two kinds of combination of geosynthetic materials has become a kind of product, not only many varieties, different function, and also have anti-seepage and drainage two effec

9、t, therefore, geotechnical composite material application in dam project more. 2 土工合成材科在水利工程方面的具体应用及其施工2 geotechnical or timber section in water conservancy engineering aspects of the specific application and construction 2.1 混凝土坝防渗方面的应用 垂直铺膜防渗和坡面铺膜防渗是防渗土工合成材料应用的两大方面，其施工工艺和铺设工艺由于其铺设结构形式的不同也不一样。土工材料经

10、常受到尖棱物的穿刺而被破坏；土工薄膜在承受水压力和土压力的情况下由于没有约束支持而被鼓破；薄膜在下层气体或液体的顶托作用下产生应力集中而被破坏；铺设在支撑土与混凝土面板之间的土工薄膜由于受到温度、重力、土体位移、浪击和水位变化等因素的影响而导致土工薄膜产生过度拉伸，撕裂或擦伤；在斜面上用土或混凝土面板保护土工薄膜，当水位骤降时，土体中的孔隙水压力和库水位失去平衡而造成失稳滑动。在施工过程中为了有效的防止或减少类似问题的发生一定要按照施工标准和施工组织设计进行施工以保证施工质量。2.1 concrete dam seepage control applications of vertically

11、 laying out leakage-proof slope seepage control and spread of membrane is impervious, the two aspects of the application of geosynthetic materials its construction process and the laying process because of its different laying structure is different also. Geotechnical material is often sharp objects

12、 have been destroyed by the piercing; Earthwork film in the case of under water pressure and earth pressure due to no constraint support be broken drum; Thin film in the lower gas or liquid under the action of jacking have been destroyed by the stress concentration; Laid between the supporting soil

13、and concrete face of earthwork film due to temperature, gravity wave, displacement of soil, and water level change caused by the influence of such factors as earthwork film have excessive tensile, tear or scratch; Earth or concrete on the slope geotechnical membrane panel protection, when water leve

14、ls drop, the pore water pressure in soil and water losing balance and cause instability sliding. In construction process in order to effectively avoid or reduce the occurrence of similar problems must be carried out in accordance with the construction standard and construction organization design co

15、nstruction to ensure construction quality. 在防渗结构中设置上下垫层以保护土工膜不受破坏，并且下垫层还具有排水和排气的作用。铺设土工膜以后，由于土中排出的气体或产生的沼气过多就会顶托土工膜而造成土工膜的破坏，而膜下也会因为缺陷引发渗漏而产生积水，因此，为了有效的减少土工膜的破坏程度，尤其铺筑膜的面积加大时一定要考虑排水以及排气等措施。Set up and down in the anti-seepage structure cushion to protect the geomembrane are not destroyed, and the cus

16、hion layer has drainage and exhaust. After laying geomembrane, biogas generated from the vent gas due to soil or too much will jacking geomembrane and cause the destruction of the geomembrane, the film will be produced because of the defects caused by leakage under water, therefore, in order to effe

17、ctively reduce the damage degree of geomembrane, especially the area of the paving membrane increase must be considered when drainage and exhaust and other measures. 防渗设计与施工(design and construction of seepage control) 有毒物质进入水体不但会污染环境，更会危机人畜的生命，根据多年的经验，渠道的防渗土工膜厚度不应小于0.25mm。如果土工膜太薄不仅容易发生气孔，在施工中也容易受到损害

18、，从而降低防渗效果。由于隧道、洞室的围岩土都有渗水，因此为了确保防渗衬砌工作平安进行，必须将渗水通过排水沟排走，这时主要使用复合土工膜或适宜的防排水材料。Toxic substances into the water will not only pollute the environment, will the crisis of human and animal life, according to many years of experience, channel anti-seepage geomembrane thickness should not less than 0.25 mm

19、. If the geomembrane is too thin is not only easy to porosity, are also susceptible to damage in the construction, thus reducing seepage control effect. Due to the tunnel, the cavern surrounding rock (soil) has ooze water, thus to ensure the safety of the anti-seepage lining work, must be discharged

20、 water penetration through drainage and then mainly use the waterproof and drainage of compound geomembrane or suitable materials. 2.2 堆石坝防渗中的应用 白云水库大坝为粉土斜墙堆石坝，而坝体是经过两次填筑而成的。由于当时筑坝技术较低并且碾压质量差，因此，斜墙的密实度较差，局部地段出现了较大程度的透水。在内坝坡右侧距坝轴约512m间段中产生了渗透破坏变形，坝体出现了塌陷长10m，宽8m，虽然后来对此段进行了相应的处理，但是斜墙部位和反滤料质量较差的局部由于没有处

21、理仍然存在着不平安隐患。经过水文地质试验，粘土斜墙部位的透水性已经超过了规程的要求值。2.2 the application of the rockfill dam anti-seepage baiyun reservoir dam for silt inclined wall rockfill dam, the dam is after two filling. Due to lower the damming technology and rolling quality is poor, therefore, the compactness of inclined wall is poor

22、er, sections of the larger degree of flooding. , dam slope on the right side of about 5 12 m dam axis, the seepage failure produced in the period between the deformation and dam in the collapse (10 m long, 8 m wide), although later in this section of the corresponding processing, but inclined wall p

23、art and the part of the filter material poor quality since there is no treatment is still not safe hidden trouble. Through hydrogeological test, the permeability of clay inclined wall parts is more than the value of code requirements. 处理方案选择及施工(treatment scheme selection and construction) 在处理大坝病险中先后

24、提出过四种处理方案，分别为换土重做粘土斜墙、就地翻压处理、复合土工膜防渗以及灌浆。由于复合土工膜具有防渗性能好、应变形能力强以及施工方便等优点，在结合工程的实际情况以及透水性超过规程规定的要求值等选择复合土工膜防渗铺盖方案进行处理。In the process of dam seepage path has proposed four kinds of treatment scheme, redo in soil clay inclined wall respectively, in turn pressure processing, composite geomembrane anti-se

25、epage and grouting. Due to the deformation of composite geomembrane in seepage control performance is good, should be strong ability as well as the advantages of convenient construction, in combination with the actual situation of engineering and water permeability than the requirements of the rules

26、 of value choice of composite geomembrane impervious blanket solution for processing. 为了不影响水库正常蓄水，土工膜的施工安排在第二年3月初5月底进行，总工期92天。主要施工步骤是：撤除原护坡石根底开挖铺膜坝面开挖清理并夯实防滑槽开挖周边接合槽开挖铺下垫层土工膜铺设、薄膜连接铺上垫层回填防滑槽及保护层周边接合槽回填铺反滤过渡层护坡支砌检查验收。In order not to affect the normal water storage reservoirs, construction of geomembr

27、ane arrangement in the second year in early march to the end of may, total duration of 92 days. Main construction procedure is: the demolition of the original stone slope protection - foundation excavation - membrane dam surface clean and ramming to antiskid groove excavation, excavation peripheral

28、joint groove excavation to lay the cushion, geomembrane laying, film connected to the cushion on the shop, backfill antiskid slot and protective layer - peripheral joint groove backfill to filter the transitional layer, build by laying bricks or stones - inspection acceptance of slope protection. 2.

29、3 加筋土挡墙的应用 极限平衡法和有限元法是目前加筋土挡墙设计的两种类型。由于不能够准确协调的建立紧材和填土两者之间的本构关系，而加筋土挡墙采用的筋材有两种，因其抗拉模量不同并缺乏破坏准那么，工程中几乎都采用极限平衡法。而有限元法仅作为一种辅助的比照方法。2.3 the application of reinforced soil retaining wall limit equilibrium method and finite element method (fem) are the two types of reinforced soil retaining wall design. B

30、ecause cant accurate coordinate the establishment of a tight material filling and the constitutive relation between the two, and there are two kinds of reinforced soil retaining wall using reinforcement materials, because of its different tensile modulus and failure criterion, the lack of almost all

31、 the limit equilibrium method is adopted in engineering. The finite element method (fem) only as a kind of auxiliary contrast method. 加筋土垫层设计与施工(design and construction of reinforced cushion) 采用圆弧法计算加筋垫层的抗深层滑动，根据实践我们看出提高的稳定平安系数较小，说明现有的稳定分析方法不能反映筋材起到的全部作用。相关研究认为，潜在的滑动面在加筋后可能会往深处开展，受到局部限制以及地基中应力分布的变化，

32、地基土的侧向位移也会发生相应变化，但在计算中没有计入这些有利因素，因此分析方法有待改良。Reinforced cushion is obtained by using the circular arc method of deep sliding resistance, according to the practice we see that improving the stability of the safe coefficient is small, shows that the stability of the existing analysis method cant reflec

33、t all the reinforcement material. Related research thinks, the potential slip surface after reinforcement may be deeper development, affected by the changes of stress distribution in local constraints and foundation, the lateral displacement of foundation soil will have corresponding change, but not

34、 included in these favorable factors in the calculation, so the method needs to be improved. 2.4 反滤方面的应用 在水利工程中一定要注意水土流失的问题，如果土粒过量的流失就会造成管涌和流土破坏，当土中的水从细粒土流向粗粒土或从土内向外溢出的时候，如果没有反滤层的保护，土粒就会随着水流的作用被带出土体以外。传统的反滤材料采用的是砂砾粒，由于砂砾的粒径不同一般要分2-3层进行铺设，因此施工工艺相对而言比较复杂。工程上经常采用土工织物代替传统的颗粒层，主要是由于两者的过滤功能是一样的。在地下水的渗流作用下

35、，采用土工织物不但有效的防止了土颗粒过量流失而造成的破坏，同时还能到达顺利排泄水流的效果，有效的防止了由于孔隙水压升高而造成的土体失稳。2.4 filter applications in water conservancy engineering must pay attention to the problem of soil erosion, if soil grain loss will cause excessive piping and flow soil damage, when the water in the soil fine grain to coarse grained

36、 soil or introverted spill in the soil, without the protection of the filter layer, soil particles will be as the role of water is out of the soil. With traditional filter material used sand grain, due to different particle size of gravel in general have to be laid 2-3 layers, therefore the construc

37、tion process is relatively complex. Frequently used in engineering of geotextiles, instead of the traditional particle layer is mainly due to the filter function of the two is the same. Under the effect of groundwater seepage, adopting geotextiles, not only effectively prevent the soil particle eros

38、ion damage caused by excessive, also can achieve the effect of the discharge flow smoothly, effectively avoid the due to the instability of soil pore water pressure increases. 3 结束语3 conclusion 随着科学技术的不断创新进步，不断的涌现出一批新技术、新工艺以及新产品，土工合成材料作为一种全新的工程材料，应用时间不长，经验缺乏，目前还存在一些问题，但是随着近些年来土工合成材料的成功应用，为土工合成材料在水利工

39、程各方面的应用提供了新思路。由于在病险库采用复合土工膜和无纺布取得了良好的效果，这也为危险库的加固设计积累了丰富的经验，为今后土工合成材料在水利工程的应用提供了一些参考。With the constant innovation of science and technology progress, the emergence of a batch of new technology, new technology and new products, geosynthetic materials as a kind of new engineering materials, applicatio

40、n time is not long, inexperience, at present there exist some problems, but with the successful application of geosynthetic materials in recent years, geosynthetic materials for water conservancy engineering provides a new way of thinking in terms of application. Due to the seepage path repository with composite geomembrane and non-woven fabric has obtained the good effect, it also for dangerous library reinforcement design has accumulated rich experience, for the future application of geosynthetic materials in water conservancy project provides some reference.