初中三大从句与训练.docx

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1、优质文本讲义二初中三大从句一、中考要求：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句的用法是中考热点之一，主要考查三种从句的引导词的选择；宾语从句的语序和时态；状语从句主要考查时间状语从句、条件状语从句、因果状语从句，特别是条件状语从句的时态、so that引导的结果状语从句和目的状语从句等。二、知识要点：1. 宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态。宾语从句的引导词有三种：1that；2whether/ if；3特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。例如：He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。

2、Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. 你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？1) 以that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？He said (that) he could com

3、e on time. 他说他会准时来的。2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：附属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意思是“是否。Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。 接带to的动词不

4、定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。 与or not连用时。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。3) 含疑问意义的连接词引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：Could yo

5、u tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。注意：what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么，一是“的东西/ 事情等。例如：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。what意思为的事情Can you tell me what we can do for you？请问我们能为你做点什么？what意思为“什么宾语从句的三个本卷须知：1语序：由whet

6、her/ if和疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。例如：把这两个简单句合成一个复合句：Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？Did you get home very late? He asked me. He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。2时态对应：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如：

7、My teacher says he will be back in a week. 我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。一般将来时My teacher says he is watching TV. 我的老师说他正在看电视。现在进行时My teacher says he has seen the movie. 我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。现在完成时如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如：My father said he was watching TV at that time. 我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。过去进行时My father said the he had alr

8、eady seen the movie. 我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。过去完成时如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。3) 否认转移：主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否认一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute. 我认为他们不会等到最后一

9、分钟。I dont believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？2. 定语从句：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词的后面，这个名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可以作状语。关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人、物主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语

10、1选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：看所修饰的是人还是物；看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如：Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me? 你认识卖给我鸡蛋的那个人吗？所修饰的词是“the man，在从句中作主语，用who/ thatYour father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now. 你爸爸不在刚刚到达的火车上。(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作主语)This is the book (which / that) you wanted. 这正是你

11、要的书。(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省)Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor? 你认识父亲是医生的那个男孩儿吗？ (先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的，在从句中作定语)You can go home where you can have a rest. 你可以回到你能休息的家中。 (先行词是地点，where相当于at home，在从句中作地点状语)Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？ 你还记得我们经常挨饿的那一年吗？ (先行词是时间，when

12、相当于in the year，在从句中作时间状语Do you know the reason why she didnt come to our party？ 你知道他没有参加我们聚会的原因吗？ (先行词是原因，why相当于for the reason，在从句中作原因状语2引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如： Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？你看到了我昨天给你的那本书了吗？3引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如： Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？你认识那个在

13、和你爸爸说话的人吗？3. 状语从句：用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是附属连词。状语从句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根据其用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句，比较状语从句等。A. 时间状语从句：时间状语从句表示时间，常用连接词有：when当时，while当时，as当时，before在之前，after在之后，since自从，until直到， as soon as一就，once一旦就等。例如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 我直到做完作业才去睡觉。I can li

14、sten to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。注意： 时间状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： I will telephone you when he comes. 他来了我给你打 。 Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。 when引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。例如： He was working when I went in. 我进去时他正在工作。 When she hea

15、rd the news, she began to cry. 她听到这个消息，她哭了起来。 但是while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，意思是“在期间。 They rushed in while we were singing. 我们唱歌时，他们冲进来。 as引导状语从句，强调同时发生，不分先后。可以译成“随着或“一边一边。 John sings as he walks home. 约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。 while还可以表示两者之间的比照关系。例如： I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music.

16、我喜欢踢足球，而汤姆喜欢听音乐。 since引导状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 We have been friends since we met in Beijing. 自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。 It has been six years since she left school. 自从她毕业已经有六年了。 until/ till 引导时间状语从句，当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句常用否认形式，not until意思为“直到才。 He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。B. 地

17、点状语从句：地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where哪里，wherever无论哪里等。例如：Put it where you find it. 把它放在原来的地方。You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。C. 原因状语从句：原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有：because因为，as 因为，since既然等。例如：I often eat carrots because they are good for my health. 我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。As I dont know the way, I had to ask t

18、he policeman. 由于我不知道路，所以我不得不问警察。注意： because表示因果关系语气最强，常用来答复我why提出的问题。 I didnt tell them because they were too young. 我没有告诉他们，因为他们太小。 because和so不能同在一个句子里。 Because the book was expensive, I didnt buy it. (I 前不用so)D. 结果状语从句：表示结果。其连接词有：sothat如此以致，so that结果， such that如此以致等。例如： Its such a good chance that

19、 you cant miss it. 这次时机如此好，你不能失去它。注意： sothat 和 such that 都可以引导结果状语从句，注意so和such后面所接的词不同。 such. thatsucha(an)形容词单数可数名词that从句 such形容词复数名词/不可数名词that从句He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常老实，因而受到了老师的表扬。 They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说

20、非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little少等词修饰，那么用so。例如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以致全身上下青一块，紫一块的。 so . thatso形容词副词.that从句so形容词a(an)单数可数名词that从句 He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。 Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respe

21、cts him. =He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.) 他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。E. 目的状语从句：表示目的。其连接词有：so以便，so that为了，in order that为了等，从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should 等。例如：He got up very early so that he could catch the first

22、train. 他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。F. 条件状语从句：条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有：if如果，unless 如果不，除非，as long as只要等。例如：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。注意： 条件状语从句中，一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： Unless it rains, the game will be played. 如果不下雨，比赛就将进行。 unless意思相当于ifnot。G. 让步状语从句：常由though/although (虽然)，eve

23、n if/ though (即使)等引导。例如：Though its hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管这是一件艰苦的工作，但我乐意做。当堂练习：1.Your Tshirt is so cool.Could you tell me_？Awhere you buy it B where do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it2.I cant forget the time _ the earthquake happened in Yushu.Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhere3. Would

24、 you please tell me _？At 10：00 this evening.Awhen will the train leave Bwhen the train will leave Cwhen does the train leave Dwhen the train leaves4. You speak good English. Could you tell me _？Youd better communicate with others in English as much as possible.Ahow can I improve my English Bhow I ca

25、n improve my EnglishChow could I improve my English Dhow I could improve my English5. This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. Awhere Bwhich Cwho Dwhen6. Friends are those _ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho7. Does an

26、yone know _？I hear that he was born in Sweden. Awhat he is Bwhen he was born Cwhere he comes from Dwhich country is he from8. I dont know if Jack _. If he _，call me, please.Awill come; will comes Bcomes; come Ccomes; will come Dwill come; comes9. The TV play is about a true story _ happened in Miany

27、ang in 1998.Ait Bwhat Cthat Dwhen10.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been11. The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. Awhich; are Bwho; are Cwho; is Dwhom; is12. Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? Ait Bwha

28、t Cwho Dthat13. Do you know _ the MP4 yesterday?Sorry. Ive no idea about it. Ahow much did he pay for Bhow much he paid forChe paid for how much Dhe paid how much for14. Is that the man _ helped us a lot after the earthquake? Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dwho15. He met many problems _ he was going over his l

29、essons.Abefore Bas soon as Csince Dwhile16. What are you looking for?Im looking for the pen _ I bought yesterday. Awho Bwhich Cwhose Dwhom17. _ well you drive, you must drive carefully.ANo matter where BIn order that CNo matter how DAs soon as18. We have to get up at 7：15 tomorrow morning, _ we will

30、 be late for the 7：40 train.Abefore Bor Cif Dso19. The magician(魔术师) _ played magic tricks in last years CCTV Spring Festival Gala is Liu Qian. He is popular in China now. Awhose Bwho Cwhich Dwhom20. Everyone can play an important role in the society. As members, we should try our best to do _.Awhat

31、 we should do Bwhat should we do Chow we should do Dhow should do课后作业：1Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need.Awhat Bwho Cwhom Dwhich2. Its a serious problem. We cant decide _ Mr.Harris comes back.Awhile Bsince Cuntil Dso3. Its snowing outside! Put on more clothes, _ you may catch a cold.Aand Bbut

32、Cor Dthough4. The policeman asked me _ at this time yesterday. Awhat was I doing Bwhat did I do Cwhat I was doing Dwhat I do5. _China is growing stronger and stronger, Chinese is taught in more and more countries. AIf BUnless CAs DAlthough6.Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the theatre with us this S

33、unday if it _？Sorry, I have no idea.Awill go; is fine Bgoes; is fine Cwill go; is going to be fine Dgoes; will be fine7. Could you ring me up as soon as he _? A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive 8.She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may9.

34、Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled10. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which11. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. wh

35、ich C. they D. where12. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom13. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which14. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. whereD. which15. Nobody knows the

36、reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when16. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why17. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which18. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where

37、 C. that D. on which19. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which20. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where21. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where22. This

38、is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where23. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where24. We were getting ready to go out _ it began to rain. A. where B. when C. since D. if25. Ill study English and other object

39、s _ I can. A. so hard as B. as hard as C. so hardly as D. as hardly as 26.Though it rained heavily, _ were still playing on the playground. A. they B. so they C. but they D. and they27. Im _busy getting ready for Christmas _ I have no time to write to you. A. not, until B. too, to C. so, that D. nei

40、ther, nor 28. We _ TV when the telephone _. A. watched, was ringing B. were watching, rangC. were watching, rings D. are watching, rang 29. If the child _, please telephone the police. A. found B. is found C. was found D. has found 30. I hurried _I wouldnt be late for class.A. so B. so that C. if D. unless