新编英语教程1-unit.ppt

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1、句子成分分析句子成分分析n nI love you.（主谓宾）n nMr Wang,my History teacher at university,is 主 同位语 谓 a learned man.表（定语）n n I heard him sing in the next room last night.主 谓 宾 补 地点状语 时间状语从句分类从句分类n n名词性从句（nominal clauses):主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句n n定语从句/关系从句（attributive clauses/relative clauses）:限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句n n状语从句（

2、adverbial clauses):时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，方式，条件，让步，比较1.1.What he does contradicts what he says.2.2.The fact is that you are lying.3.The news that our team got the champion excited everyone present.状语从句联系词状语从句联系词1.1.when/while/as/as soon as 2.2.where/wherever 3.3.because/since/for 4.4.so that/in order that 5

3、.5.so that /such that 6.6.as if/as though7.7.if/in case that/lest/as long as 8.8.though/although/even if/even though 9.9.than Language Structures1.Look up the word in a dictionary that gives definitions in English.(The relative clause introduced by that as the subject，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的主语)2.Have y

4、ou read all the books that you borrowed from me?(The relative clause introduced by that as the object，that引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的宾语）3.Id like to see the gentleman who came from Germany yesterday.(The relative clause introduced by who as the subject，who引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的主语）4.Whats the name of the young man wh

5、o/m he introduced to us last week?(The relative clause introduced by who/m as the object，who/m引导关系从句，并作为该关系从句的宾语。)在关系从句中，如果先行词是“人”，则引导词为who（作从句主语或宾语），whom（作从句宾语），或that（作从句主语或宾语）。要注意的是，虽然who比whom的用处更广泛，但如果引导词前是一个介词，则引导词必须为whom，如：She is the teacher who/whom we talked about.She is the teacher about who

6、m we talked.在关系从句中，如果先行词是“物”，则引导词为that或which，两者均可作从句的主语或宾语。它们的区别在于：（1）如果先行词有all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,none,little等不定代词，则只能用that，不能用which；e.g.I have read all the magazines that I bought last week.（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级或first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，则只能用that，不能用which；e.g.

7、It is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.（3）在介词后的引导词只能用which，不能用that；e.g.Just choose the subject in which you are most interested.（4）在非限制性关系从句中，只能用which为引导词，不能用that。e.g.The river,which flows through London,is called the Thames.1.1.12 October 1492 was the day _ Columbus 12 October 1492 was

8、the day _ Columbus landed in America.landed in America.2.2.A kitchenette is a small room _ people cook A kitchenette is a small room _ people cook their meals.their meals.4.4.Is that the reason _ we have tests and Is that the reason _ we have tests and quizzes all the time?quizzes all the time?(1)(1

9、)12 October 1492 was the day when/on which 12 October 1492 was the day when/on which Columbus landed in America.Columbus landed in America.(2)(2)A kitchenette is a small room where/in which people A kitchenette is a small room where/in which people cook their meals.cook their meals.(4)Is that the re

10、ason why/for which we have tests and quizzes all the time?关系副词被替代的先行词 在从句中的作用When(=at/in/on/during which)表示时间的名词 时间状语Where(=in/at which)表示地点的名词 地点状语Why(=for which)reason原因状语遇到先行词为地点或时间的名词，要看该先行词在从句中充当状语还是主语或宾语，如果充当状语，则从句可由where/when引出；如果充当宾语，则从句不可由where/when引出，而仍应该由which引出。如：The man is said to come

11、from a town which nobody knew.I dont remember the day that you mentioned.This is the place _ I lived 3 three years ago.This is the place _ you visited last time,right?3.3.I like the way she spoke.the way后省略了连接词,原句应为：I like the way in which/that she spoke.the way在从句中表示“方式”，上句the way she spoke表示“说话的方式

12、”。再如：That was the way(in which/that)she worked the problem out.那就是他解决问题的方式。1.1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.A.which B.B.where C.C.what D.in which2.2.Do you know the man _?A.A.whom I spoke B.B.to who spoke C.C.I spoke to D.that I spoke3.3.This is the hotel _last month.A.A.

13、which they stayed B.B.at that they stayedC.C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed4.4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.A.which B.B.that C.C.when D.on which5.5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.A.which B.B.on which C.C.in which D.when6.6.This is one of the best fil

14、ms _.A.A.that have been shown this year B.B.which have been shown this yearC.C.that has been shown this year D.which has been shown this year7.7.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.A.about which you talked B.B.which you talkedC.C.about that you talked D.that you talked8.8.Im interested in _you

15、 have said.A.A.all that B.B.all what C.C.that D.which9.9.Li Ming,_to the concert,enjoyed it very much.A.A.I went with B.B.with whom I went C.C.with who I went D.I went with him10.10.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of _are women.A.A.them B.B.which C.C.whom D.who11.11.Last summer we

16、visited the West Lake,_ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.A.for which B.B.for that C.C.in which D.what12.12.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A.A.that B.B.which C.C.as D.it13.13.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A.A.in which B.B.with which C.C.that D.for which14.14.He

17、is working hard,_will make him pass the final exam.A.A.that B.B.which C.C.for which D.who15.15.I have two dictionaries,_are of great use.A.A.all of which B.B.either of which C.C.both of them D.both of whichLSP Language Points1.1.cooker:a utensil for cooking,炊具2.2.apparatus:equipment,仪器，设备3.3.be used

18、 for:被用于4.4.peeler:a device for peeling vegetables or fruits,去皮器5.5.device:apparatus6.6.peel:strip the skin off,削皮7.7.microcalculator:微型计算器8.8.add,subtract,multiply,divide:(v.)plus,minus,times,divided:(prep.)a)If you add 24 and 36,you get 60.24 plus/and 36 is/equals 60.b)If you subtract 10 from 100,

19、you are left with(you get)90.100 minus 10 leaves/equals/is 90.c)14 multiplied by 11 makes 154.14 times 11 equals 154.d)If you divide 30 by five,you get six.30 divided by five equals six.9.9.switch:(v.)turn off/on,开关 (n.)a control device10.10.electric current:the flow of electricity电流11.11.saucepan:a

20、 deep pan with a handle;used for stewing or boiling,炖锅12.12.pot:罐，壶13.assign:give(a task);appoint,分配，指定，布置（作业）（1）The teacher didnt assign any homework today.今天老师没有布置作业。（2）Paul was assigned to a new post.Paul被分配到了新的岗位。（3）The two governments assigned a day for the next negotiation.两国政府确定了下一轮谈判的日期。assi

21、gnment:作业（4）What is todays assignment?今天有什么作业？（5）He has got a new assignment.他得到一项新任命。14.14.research institute:研究所，研究学会15.15.tour:(v.)旅行,游历,巡回,漫游 tour:(n.)旅行,游历,旅游touring in China,在中国游历（1）我们游览了一下这座城市。They have gone on a tour of the city.（2）我们去年夏天在欧洲观光。We toured Europe last summer.16.16.journalist:a

22、news report,新闻记者17.17.a series of:一系列的18.18.stylistics:文体学19.19.Autumn Commodity Fair:秋季商品交易会LSP Example IA:Can you explain the word“cooker”in English?B:Im afraid I cantA:Then look the word up in a dictionary that gives definitions in English.B:It says a cooker is an apparatus which is used for cook

23、ing food.LSP Example IIA:Have you read all the books(that)you borrowed from me?B:No,theres still one that I havent read.A:which one?B:The one that you said you dont like.LSP Example IIIA:Id like to see the gentleman who came from Canada yesterday.B:You mean the Canadian engineer whos visiting a rese

24、arch institute here?A:No.Im looking for the Canadian professor whos teaching at Pujiang University.B:Oh,its Professor Paul Jones.Hes in Room 802.LSP Example IVA:Whats the name of the young man(whom)Lu introduced us to last week?B:Paul White.A:Is he the writer(whom)they invited to attend a conference

25、?B:No.I dont think so.Mr.White is the English journalist Jin asked to come to our party.Dialogue I Discussion1.1.Describe the changes in Chinas rural areas,particularly in the coastal areas.2.Describe the changes around you in the last ten years.Dialogue I Language Points1.1.I havent seen you around

26、 lately:最近都没见到你了。2.2.out of town:出了城3.3.amaze:surprise4.4.tremendous:many5.5.occur:happen6.6.rural:of the countryside 乡下的 urban:of the city 城市的7.7.coastal:at the coast,沿海的8.a couple of:two or three,several9.9.lead a life:have a life,过着的生活（1）他在乡村过着幸福的生活。He leads a happy life in the country.（2）lead a

27、poor/hard life10.10.barren:poor,贫瘠的11.11.tattered:torn or ragged,破烂的，褴褛的12.12.rows upon rows of:一排一排的13.13.three-storeyed:three-floor story:层14.14.brand-name:a name given to a product,品牌15.drive:(v.)push,force,驱动，推动 (n.)有组织的努力；运动；动力；驾驶；车道（1）He left his car in the drive.他把汽车停在汽车道上。（2）What has happene

28、d to the companys drive for quality control?这家公司开展的质量控制运动结果如何？（3）As part of the banks efficiency drive considerable cuts are being made in the workforce.银行要努力提高效率，其中一个措施就是大量裁员。16.in favor of:赞同，有利于（Unit 4）（1）我们赞成她升为总裁。We are in favor of her promotion to president.（2）法庭的判决有利于被告。The court decided in f

29、avor of the defendant.in sbs favor The court decided in the defendants favor.We hope that the new system will operate in our favor.17.put in:投入18.preferential policies:privilege,优惠政策19.favorable:favoring,有利的e across:meet accidentally,不期而遇（1）今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学。I came across my old college roommate in tow

30、n today.（2）一天，她在为Paul打扫房间的时候，偶然看到了他的日记，于是她就读了起来。One day while cleaning Pauls room,she came across his diary and started to read it.21.be bound to:一定将会（1）这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.（2）孩子们到家后一定会饿他们常常都是这样的。The kids are bound to be hungry when they get h

31、ome they always are.22.vision:the ability to see,视野23.broaden:make broad,拓宽24.So has their taste 25.25.desire:long for,渴望 a growing desire to do:越来越渴望去26.26.subscribe to sth.:offer to buy,预订，订阅27.27.via:(prep.)by,through,by means of（1）你从北京去上海会经由天津吗？Will you travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianji

32、n?（2）你得通过空邮寄信，这样才快。You must send the letter via airmail,which is fast.28.28.stumbling block:an obstacle,绊脚石29.29.unimaginable:beyond imagination,不可想象的，30.30.make their entry into:enter entry(n.)enter(v.)31.31.precisely:exactly,正好Role-Play1.1.crop-growing agriculture:只种植农作物的农业2.2.output:production,产出

33、，产量3.3.cultivate:farm,耕种4.4.reclaim:cultivate the wilderness,开垦（荒地）5.5.scientific farming:科学耕作6.6.unit output:单位产量7.7.existing:现存的8.8.arable:capable of being farmed productively，适于耕种的9.diversified:various,多样化的10.husbandry:cultivating the land or raising stock，畜牧管理11.forestry:management of forests,森林

34、业，森林学12.fishery:fishing industry,渔业13.edible:capable of being eaten,可食用的 edible oil:食用油14.well-informed:knowing,熟悉的，见闻广博的15.prosperous:flourishing,繁荣的16.defect:disadvantage,缺点17.merit:advantage,优点Dialogue II1.classify into:put into different classes,把归类为 classify objects into types:把物件分成几类(1)We are

35、trying to classify these book into two types:literary and non-literary.我们正试着把这些书分成两类：文学类和非文学类。(2)How to identify and classify objects by their features.如何根据物件的特点分类classify by:按分类(3)图书馆的书是按科目分类的。The books in the library are classified by subject.2.2.a fur collar:皮领3.3.automatic:working by itself,自动的

36、flash:闪光4.4.fit into:be able to be put into,适合（放入）fit into your pocket:刚好能放入你的口袋（1）这张卡刚好能放进那个信封里。This card just fits nicely into that envelope.（2）这个房间再也放不仅更多的椅子了。We cant fit any more chairs into the room.5.develop:(v.)冲洗（照片）6.zoom lens:变焦镜头7.close-up:a photograph taken at close range,大特写8.glue:gum,胶

37、水9.sticky:(a.)带有粘性的 stick:(v.)粘住 stick things together:把东西粘在一起10.fire extinguisher:灭火器11.put out:extinguish,扑灭12.lost property office:失物招领处 property:possessions,财物13.13.conscientious:responsible,尽责的14.14.attendant:waiter/waitress,服务员15.15.hand in:submit,交上，递交16.16.handle:grip,hold,柄，把手17.17.flight-b

38、ag:航空旅行袋18.18.distinguishing:special,有区别的，特别的 distinguishing features:特殊的特点 distinguish between A and B19.19.initial:the first letter,首字母20.establish:prove,confirm,确定，证实establish the correct ownership:确定正确的物主身份（1）新证据证实了嫌疑犯有罪。The new evidence establishes the suspects guilt.（2）那个故事是否真的难以证实。It is hard

39、to establish the truth of the story.21.a list of contents:内容清单22.be on duty:当班，上班23.two-way radio:收发两用无线电设备24.HQ,headquarters:总部Reading I:Questions1.Why is food a basic need?2.How can we avoid malnutrition?3.Why did primitive people eat only the food that could be grown near their homes?4.What is th

40、e difference between needs and wants?5.How do you differ from primitive men in our food wants?6.Name three things that a modern house contains but an ancient palace did not.Structuren nParas.1 3:our first basic need:foodn nPara.4:our second basic need:clothingn nPara.5:our third basic need:shelterRe

41、ading I Language Points1.speak of/about:谈及，说到 speak:说话，说（某种语言）hear of/about:听说 hear:听到2.do without:manage without,没有也可以：在没有某物的情况下设法完成 cannot do without:没有就不可以，不能没有（1）岛上没有电视，可不久我们就适应了。There was no television on the island,but we soon learned to do without.（2）在这里生活，不能没有网络。While living here,one cant do

42、 without the Internet.（3）学习英语不能没有词典。In learning English,we cant do without a dictionary.3.3.starve to death:饿死4.4.suffer from+疾病/灾难 suffer from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫 suffer from floods 遭受水灾 suffer:(vt.)遭受，忍受 suffer pain 遭受痛苦 suffer hunger 挨饿4.lack:(n.)be short of,缺乏 a lack of,no lack of lack:(vt.)缺乏

43、be lacking in （1）他缺乏勇气。He lacks courage./He is lacking in courage./He shows a lack of courage.（2）这里严重缺水。There is a serious lack of water here.（3）蔬菜不缺。There is no lack of vegetable.5.malnutrition:营养不良 nutrition:(n.)营养 nutrient:(n.)有营养的食物 nutritious:(a.)有营养的6.manage to do sth.:能7.live a healthy life o

44、n limited types of food8.primitive:crude,原始的9.foods:various kinds of food,各种各样的食物 food:食物的总称（uncountable）fruits,fruit10.whereas:but11.be satisfied with sth.12.wants:(n.)13.on a diet of:依靠的饮食习惯 on diet:节食14.monotonous:boring15.provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb.16.we differ from him in our food w

45、ants A differ from B:A与B不相同 differ in:在（方面）有区别（1）我和我兄弟在许多方面都不同。My brother and I differ in many ways.I differ from my brother in many ways.（2）日语发音和法语大不相同。Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.Be different from pare with:与相比较 compare to:把比作Life is poetically compared to the morning dew

46、.在诗歌中，人生被比喻为朝露。18.not only can we enjoy the fruits grown in this country,but we can also enjoy the more exotic fruits from countries thousands of miles away,we can not only enjoy the fruits grown in this country,but we can also But only A but also BB as well as A19.exotic:foreign,异国的20.thousands of:

47、数千的 one thousand,two thousand,three thousand,hundreds of,millions of four hundred people five million dollars21.limit to:(v.)restrict,把限定于（某个范围）a limit to (n.)（1）妈妈把家里的开支限制于1000美元。Mother limited the family expense to 1000 dollars.（2）凡事都有限度。There is a limit to everything.（3）我能付得起的钱数是有限的。There is a li

48、mit to the amount of money I can afford.22.the same is true of:也一样23.23.regulate:adjust,控制，调节（1）regulate the temperature:调节温度（2）regulate the traffic:管理交通 regulations:rules,规则，规定（3）Everyone should obey the traffic regulations.人人都应遵守交通规则。24.24.temperate:mild,not extreme,温和的 temperate climate:温带的气候 tro

49、pical countries:热带国家 arctic:北极的，寒带的25.25.likewise:in the same way26.26.change with:随着而改变27.27.light clothing:轻便的衣物28.28.muffle:wrap up,包裹起来29.29.depend upon/on30.30.the aboriginal:the first people living in Australia,澳洲土著人31.31.grand:wonderful32.32.the material comforts:物质享受33.33.the kings and queen

50、s of old:long ago,古时，很久以前34.deny:refuse to accept or believe or grant,否认,否定;拒绝相信;拒绝接受;拒绝给予(deny sb.sth)（1）他否认了控告。He denied the charge.（2）她投诉没给她机会上诉。She complained that she had been denied the opportunity to appeal.（3）The scientists have been denied the necessary funds for their research programme.科学