构词法简介.ppt

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1、English Word FormationDeny A.Kwary http:/ Airlanga UniversityTypes of Word Formation1.Compounding2.Prefixation3.Suffixation4.Conversion5.Clipping6.Blends7.Backformation8.Acronyms9.Onomatopoeia10.Eponyms11.Toponyms1.CompoundingnDefinition:Two or more words joined together to form a new word.nExamples

2、:nHome+work homeworknPick+pocket pickpocketnThe meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts.nTypes of compounds:nCompound nounsnCompound verbsnCompound adjectivesCompound Nouns 1.Boyfriend,hatchback2.Cut-throat,breakfast3.Sunshine,birth control4.Software,fast food5.In-cr

3、owd,overkill6.Drop-out,put-on1.Noun+Noun2.Verb+Noun3.Noun+Verb4.Adjective+Noun5.Particle+Noun6.Verb+ParticleCompound Verbs 1.Carbon-copy,sky-dive2.Fine-tune3.Overbook4.Bad-mouth1.Noun+Verb2.Adjective+Verb3.Particle+Verb4.Adjective+NounCompound Adjectives 1.Capital-intensive2.Deaf-mute3.Coffee-table4

4、.Roll-neck5.White-collar6.Before-tax7.Go-go1.Noun+Adjective2.Adjective+Adjective3.Noun+Noun4.Verb+Noun5.Adjective+Noun6.Particle+Noun7.Verb-verb2.PrefixationnClass-changing prefixes:na-asleep V to Adjnbe-bewitch N to Vnen-enslave N to VnClass-maintaining prefixes:nin-indefinite Adj to Adjnfore-forem

5、an N to NnEtc.3.SuffixationnSuffixes forming NounsnN from N:-dom kingdomnN from V:-ee employeenN from Adj:-ce dependencenSuffixes forming VerbsnV from N:-ify beautifynV from Adj:-en shortennSuffixes forming adjectivesnAdj from N:-al educationalnAdj from V:-able understandablenAdj from Adj:-ish green

6、ishnSuffixes forming Adverbs:-ly,-ward,and wise.4.ConversionnDefinition:Assigning an already existing word to a new syntactic category.nTypes of ConversionnVerb to Noun:to hit a hitnAdj to N:a final game a finalnN to V:a sign to signnAdj to V:an empty box to empty5.ClippingnDefinition:Shortening a p

7、olysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllablesnExamples:nGasoline GasnHamburger Burgern delicatessen n microphone deli mike6.BlendsnDefinition:Similar to compounds,but parts of the words are deleted.nExamples:nMotor+hotel MotelnBreakfast+lunch Brunch nWireless+Fidelity nSheep+goat Wi-fi Shoat7.B

8、ack-formationsnDefinition:Creative reduction due to incorrect morphological analysis.nExamples:neditor(1649)edit(1791)ntelevision(1907)televise(1927)nParamedical(1921)paramedic(1967)8.AcronymsnDefinition:Words derived from the initial letters of several words and use them as a new word nExamples:nSt

9、rengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities and Treats SWOTnSelf-contained underwater breathing apparatus SCUBA9.OnomatopoeianDefinition:Words created to sound like the thing that they name.EnglishJapaneseTagalogIndonesianCock-a-dooKokekokkoKuk-kakaukKukuruyukMeowNyaNiyawMeong 10.EponymsnDefinition:a person af

10、ter whom a discovery,invention,place,etc.,is named.nExamples:nCelcius(Anders Celcius)nCook Islands(James Cook)11.ToponymsnDefinition:a place name,especially one derived from a topographical feature.nExamples:nMontana(mountains in Spanish)nMississippi(big river in Chippewa)Identify the type of word f

11、ormation:1.information,commercials Informercials2.Babysitter babysit3.Demi+god Demigod4.Do+able doable5.A catalogue to catalogue6.Drama+comedy dramedy7.Game+pad gamepad8.Greek+god Greek god=Blend=Back-formation=Prefixation=Suffixation=Conversion=Blend=Compound=CompoundDeny A.Kwary http:/ Airlanga University