2021研究生考试英语(一)试题答案及解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2021 考研英语(一)试题答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term m

2、emory and the ability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It 1 in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age.But 3 aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brainfunction may not be.O

3、ne study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat fro

4、m more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！measures of fluid intelligence as the

5、 years 11 For women,the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be 13 .It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.16 ,there are steps you can 17

6、to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 .The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and elimina

7、tes highly processed foods.1.A pauses B returns C peaks D fades2.A alternatively B formally C accidentally D generally3.A while B since C once D until4.A detection B accumulation C consumption D separation5.A possibility B decision C goal D requirement6.A delay B ensure C seek D utilize7.A modified

8、B supported C included D predicted8.A devoted B compared C converted D applied9.A with B above C by D against10.A lived B managed C scored D played欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！11.A ran out B set off C drew in D went by12.AJ superior B attributable C parallel D resistant13.A restore

9、d B isolated C involved D controlled14.A alter B spread C remove D explain15.A compensations B symptoms C demands D treatments16.AJ Likewise B Meanwhile C Therefore DInstead17.A change B watch C count D take18.A well-being Bprocess C formation D coordination19.A level B love C knowledge D space20.A

10、design B routine C diet D prescription1.答案C(peaks)解析逻辑关系题。and then 提示顺承，借助 slowly decline(慢慢下降)可知，C 项 peaks(达到最高点)符合原文逻辑关系，即流动智力在成年早期达到峰值，之后很长一段时间趋于稳定，之后随着年龄增长，慢慢下降。本题答案为 C 项。干扰选项:A 项 pauses(暂停)，B 项returns(返回)和 D 项 fades(逐渐消失)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。2.答案D(generally)解析语境题。比较各选项语义，A 项 alternatively(二者择一地)，B项 form

11、ally(形式上地)，C 项 accidentally(偶然地)和 D 项 generally(通常)，其中，D 项 generally(通常)最符合原文语义。本题答案为 D 项。3.答案A(while)解析逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句内逻辑关系，比欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！较aging is inevitable和scientists are finding out that.may not be可知，inevitable和 may not be 提示语义相反，即“衰老不可避免”，与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可

12、能并非不可避免”二者语义相反。A 项 while(尽管)提示让步，符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为A 项。干扰选项:B 项 since(由于)提示因果关系，C 项 once(一旦)提示条件关系，D 项 until(到.为止)提示顺承关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。4.答案B(accumulation)解析逻辑关系题。and提示并列,muscle loss和 the 4of body fat aroundthe abdomen(腹部脂肪的 4)互相并列，借助 muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知，B 项 accumulation(积累)符合原文逻辑关系，即，肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆积。本题答案为 B 项。

13、干扰选项:A 项 detection(侦查)，C 项 consumption(消耗)和 D 项 separation(分离)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。5.答案A(possibility)解析语境题。This 指代上句的研究发现，本句继续介绍研究发现。比较各选项语义，A 项 possibility(可能性),B 项 decision(决定),C项 goal(目标)和 D 项 requirement(要求)，可知，A 项 possibility 符合原文语义，即，这表明生活方式因素可能有助预防这种下降的可能性。本题答案为 A 项。6.答案A(delay)解析逻辑关系题。or 提示并列，借助 prev

14、ent(预防)可知，A 项delay(延期)符合原文逻辑关系，即预防或延迟流动智力下降。本题答欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！案为A项。干扰选项:B项ensure(保证)，C项seek(寻求)和D项utilize(利用)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。7.答案C(included)解析语境题。本题考查连接 data(数据)和 measurements(测量结果)的 动 词 词 义。比 较 各 选 项 语 义,A 项 modified(修 改),B 项supported(支持),C 项 included(包括)和 D 项 predicted(

15、预测)，可知 C项 included 符合原文语义，即研究人员查看了包括 4,000 多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪测量结果的数据。本题答案为 C 项。8.答案B(compared)解析)逻辑关系题。and提示并列,looked at data和 8_that data to reported changes 互相并列，借助 looked at(查看)可知，B 项compared(比较)符合原文逻辑关系，且能与介词 to 构成固定搭配，compare.将.相比)。本题答案为B 项。干扰选项:其余各项与介词to构成固定搭配，A 项 devoted to.(把.用于)，C 项 conver

16、ted.ot.把.转化为.)，D 项 applied.to.(把.应用于.，均不符合原文逻辑关系。9.答案A(with)解析固定搭配题。观察选项可知，本题考查介词用法。比较各选项，A 项 with(带有.，B 项 above(在.上面)，C 项 by(通过.和D 项 against(与相反)，可知，A 项 with连接 higher measures of abdominal fat，作后置定语修饰 people，符合原文语义，即，有着更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本题答案为A 项。10.答案C(scored)欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档

17、！解析语境题。比较各选项语义，A项lived(生活)，B项managed(管理)，C 项 scored(得分)和 D 项 played(玩耍)，可知，C 项 scored 符合原文语义，即，他们发现，有着更多腹部脂肪的中年人，在流动智力方面得分较低。本题答案为 C 项。11.答案D(went by)解析固定搭配题。借助 as the years(随着年岁.，并比较各选项语义，A 项 ran out(用完)，B 项 setoff(出发)，C 项 drewin(引诱)和 D项 went by(时间逝去)，可知，D 项 went by 符合原文语义。本题答案为 D 项。12.答案B(attribut

18、able)解析语境题。结合 resulted from excess abdominal fat(腹部脂肪过多所致)，并比较各选项与介词 to 构成的搭配,A 项 superior to(比.好的),B 项 attributable to(可归因于.),C项 parallto(与.平行的)和 D项 resistant to(不受损害的)，可知，B 项 attributable符合原文语义，即，对于女性来说，这种关联(腹部脂肪越高，流动智力方面的得分越低)可能要归因于腹部脂肪过多所致的免疫力变化。本题答案为 B项。13.答案C(involved)解析逻辑关系题。For women与 in men

19、提示对比关系,借助 the association maybe_12 to changes in immunity(这种关联可能 12 免疫力变化)可知，C 项 involved(使成为必然部分，与 be 连用时，可理解为“与.有关”)符合原文语义，即，对男性来说，(这种关联)似乎与免欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！疫系统无关;且符合原文逻辑。本题答案为 C 项。干扰选项:A 项restored(被恢复)，B 项 isolated(被孤立)和 D 项 controlled(被控制)，均不符合原文逻辑关系。14.答案D(explain

20、)解析语境题。本题考查连接 future studies 和 these differences的动词语义，而 these differences 是指上句中男性和女性的流动智力得分，与腹部脂肪堆积所致的免疫力变化有关与无关的区别。现有研究只发现了这种区别，而背后的原因，只能寄希望于未来相关研究。D项 explain(解释)符合原文语义，即，希望未来研究能解释这些区别。本题答案为D 项。干扰选项:A 项 alter(改变)，B 项 spread(展开)和 C项 remove(去掉)，均不符合原文语义。15.答案D(treatments)解析语境题。借助 lead to different15

21、for men and women(促成针对女性和男性的不同 15)，并结合 these differences 所指的免疫力与流体智力间二者间的关联在男性和女性中体现不同，可知，D 项treatments(疗法)符合原文语义，即，或许会促成针对女性和男性的不同疗法。本题答案为 D 项。干扰选项:A 项 compensations(补偿),B项 symptoms(症状)和 C 项 demands(要求)，均不符合原文语义。16.答案B(Meanwhile)解析逻辑关系题。观察选项可知，本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较上句与本句发现:从内容上说，上句为对未来研究的期待，本句为目前可采取的措施(step

22、s);从文章段落结构来说，上段为研究结论，本欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！段为研究带来的启示。前后两句呈现研究的不同方面，体现对比关系。观察选项，B 项 Meanwhile(与此同时)符合原文逻辑关系，即期待未来进一步研究的同时，目前也可以采取一些措施，二者方向不同，但可同时进行。本题答案为 B 项。干扰选项:A 项 Likewise(同样地)提示并列关系，C 项 Therefore(因此)提示因果关系，D 项 Instead(相反地)提示转折关系，均不符合原文逻辑关系。17.答案D(take)解析固定搭配题。take steps

23、(采取措施)为固定搭配，且符合原文语义，即，您可以采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂肪并保持瘦肌肉群。本题答案为 D 项。干扰选项:A 项 change(改变)，B 项 watch(观察)和 C 项 count(数)，均不能与 steps 构成符合原文语义的固定搭配。18.答案A(well-being)解析语境题。由 protect both your physical and mental.(保护您身体和心理的.可知，A 项 well-being(健康)符合原文语义，即，为了保护您的身心健康。本题答案为 A 项。干扰选项:B 项 process(过程)，C项 formation(形成)和 D 项

24、coordination(协调)，均不符合原文语义。19.答案A(level)解析语境题。结合 aerobic exercise(有氧运动)，并比较各选项，A项 level(水平)，B 项 love(热爱)，C 项 knowledge(知识)和 D 项 space(空间)，可知，A 项符合原文语义，即，维持或提高有氧运动水平。本题答案为A 项。Section II Reading Comprehension欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Part ADirections:Read the following four texts.A

25、nswer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,Cor D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text 1How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises,

26、imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.This year s rise,an average of 2.7 per cent,may be a fraction lower than last year s,but itis still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPl)measure of inflation.Successive

27、 governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it,rather than the general taxpayer.Why,the argument goes,should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a st

28、ockbroker from Surrey?Equally,there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East,many of whom will face among the biggest rises,have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除

29、！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！North.However,over the past 12 months,those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the

30、substantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.The Government has pledge

31、d to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that,even when strikes occur,services can continue to operate.This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain s railways.Yes,more investment is needed,but passengers will not be wil

32、ling to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped,unreliable services,punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed,or planned maintenance is managed incompetently.The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now,but it will return with a vengeance if the justified

33、 anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.21.The author holds that this year s increase in rail passengers fares 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A.will ease train operators burdenB.has kept pace with inflationc.is a big surprise to commutersD.remains an unreasonable measure

34、22.The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for A.car driversB.rail travellersc.local investorsD.ordinary taxpayers23.It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators A.are offering compensation to commutersB.are trying to repair relations with the unionsC.have failed to provide an adequat

35、e serviceD.have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes24.If unable to calm down passengers,the railways may have to face A.the loss of investmentB.the collapse of operationsC.a reduction of revenueD.a change of ownership25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Who Are to B

36、lame for the Strikes?B.Constant Complaining Doesnt t Work欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！C.Can Nationalization Bring Hope?D.Ever-Rising Fares Aren t Sustainable21.答案D(remains an unreasonable measure)解析本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 rail passengers fares 定位到第一段句。句没有体现作者的观点，因此往下看一句，定位到句:It has become a

37、 grimly reliable annual ritual.imposing a significant extra burden on those.由grimly(冷酷地，讨厌地)和a significant extra burden(一个巨大的额外负担)可知，作者对铁路乘客车费上涨的态度是负面的。再根据题干关键词 this years increase 定位到第一段句:This years rise,an average of2.7per cent,maybe a fraction lower than last year s,but it is still well above the

38、 official Consumer Price Index(CPl)measure of inflation.(今年平均 2.7%的上涨，也许 比去年的上涨稍微低一些，但是它仍然远远高于官方消费者物价指数衡量的通货膨胀程度)。由此进一步确定车费上涨是unreasonable(不合理的)。所以本题选 D。22.答案B(rail travellers)解析本题为例证题。根据题干关键词stockbroker定位到例子所在句，即 第 二 段 句:Why.should a car-driving pensioner.have to subsidise the daily commute of a st

39、ockbroker.?(为什么一个开车的养老金领取者必须要补贴一个股票经纪人的日常通勤呢?)再找到前面的论点句:Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！should be borne by those who use it,rather than the general taxpayer(历

40、届政府允许这种上涨，因为投资和运营铁路网的成本应该由使用它的人们来承担，而不是一般纳税人)。这段论述认为，没有使用铁路网的一般纳税人如开车的养老金领取者不应该承担铁路网成本，使用铁路网的人如股票经纪人才应该承担此成本。定位句中的stockbroker指的就是论点句中的those who use it。所以本题选B。23.答案C(have failed to provide an adequate service)解析本题为细节题。根据题干关键词train operators定位到第三段句:It is all very well train operators trumpeting the im

41、provements they are making to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel(火车运营商宣扬他们对铁路网作出的改进无可非议，但考虑到乘客如今为出行支付的大量费用，他们理应能够期待基本水平的服务)。可见，火车运营商没能提供合格的服务。所以本题选C。24.答案D(a change of ownership)解析本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 If unabl

42、e to calm down passengers 定位到第四段句:The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now,but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order(国有化的威胁也许暂时可以避免，但是，如果乘客的正当愤怒不能被立即解决，这种威胁会卷土重来)。If unable to calm down passengers 是 if the justified a

43、nger of passengers is not addressed in short order 的同义表欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！达。可见,如果铁路公司不能让乘客镇静下来，铁路公司将会面临国有化的威胁，即所有权的变更。所以本题选D。25.答案D(Ever-Rising Fares Arent Sustainable)解析本题为主旨大意题。文章首段提出铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题，即文章讨论的主题;二段简单阐述历届政府允许车费上涨的理由;三至四段聚焦于乘客所付车费和享受到的服务不对等的问题，作者认为乘客应该受到补偿，英国铁路

44、服务标准必须得到保障，并指出如果服务得不到保障，乘客将不会无止境地支付更多车费。D 项中的 Ever-Rising Fares(不 断 上 涨 的 车 费)是 文 章 讨 论 的 主 题，Arent Sustainable(是不可持续的)是作者的观点。D 项完整地概括了全文内容。所以本题选D。Text 2Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.One reason for the turnaround may be th

45、e country s antipoverty program.In 2007,Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to it spoorest residents under certain conditions,such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs,these social assistance programs are

46、 designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.They re already used in dozens of countries worldwide.In Indonesia,the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.But CCT prog

47、rams dont generally consider effects on the environment.In fact,poverty alleviatio and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals,says Paul Ferraro,an economist at Johns Hopkins University.Thats because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation,while protec

48、ting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.However,those correlations don t prove cause and effect.The only previous study analyzing causality,based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs,supported the traditional view.There,as people got more money,some of them may hav

49、e more cleared land for cattle toraise for meat,Ferraro says.Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment,though.Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one

50、 of the highest deforestation rates.Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012-including during Indonesias phase-in of the antipoverty program-in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！and multiple islands.Ferraro