2017年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解).pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resoundingyes!_（

2、1）helping you feel close and_（2）to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a_（3）of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study_（5）over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon Unive

3、rsity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_（7）to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_（8）with a cold,and the researchers_（9）that

4、the stress-reducing effects of hugging_（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._（11）among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_（12）.Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_（13）risk for colds thats usually_（

5、14）with stress,notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie,Huggingis a marker of intimacy and help_（15）the feeling that others are there to help_（16）difficulty.Some experts_（17）the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often calledthe bonding hor

6、mone_（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it_（19）in the brain,where it_（20）mood,behavior and physiology.1.A Bes

7、ides B Unlike CThroughout D Despite 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2.A equal B restricted Cconnected D inferior 3.A view B Host Clesson D choice 4.A avoid B forget Crecall D keep 5.A collecting B affecting Cguiding D involving 6.A on B in Cat D of 7.A devoted B attracted Clost D expo

8、sed 8.A along B across Cdown D out 9.A imagined B denied Cdoubted D calculated 10.Aserved B Restored Cexplained D required 11.AThus B Still CRather D Even 12.Adefeats B symptoms Cerrors D tests 13.AHighlighted B increased Ccontrolled D minimized 14.APresented B equipped Cassociated D compared 15.Aas

9、sess B Generate Cmoderate D record 16.A in the name of B in the form of Cin the face of D in the way of 17.Aattribute B commit Ctransfer D return 18.Aunless B because Cthough D until 19.Aremains B emerges Cvanishes D decreases 20.Aexperiences B combines Cjustifies D influences Section Reading Compre

10、hension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1 First two hours,now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight

11、,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the

12、Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the

13、Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy a

14、nd low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so th

15、e TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one s

16、tep the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to f

17、ocus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this p

18、rice tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes 欢

19、迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to Aexplain Americans tolerance of current security checks.Bstress the urgency to strengthen s

20、ecurity worldwide.Chighlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.Demphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?ANew restrictions on carry-on bags.BThe declining efficiency of the TSA.CAn increase in the number of trave

21、llers.DFrequent unexpected secret checks.23.The wordexpedited(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to Aquieter.Bcheaper.Cwider.Dfaster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is Aa dramatic reduction of its scale.Bits wrongly-directed implementation.Cthe governments reluctance to back it.Dan unreaso

22、nable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?ALess Screening for More Safety BPreChecka Belated Solution CGetting Stuck in Security Lines DUnderused PreCheck Lanes Text 2 The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis last reignin

23、g monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to

24、 revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific O

25、cean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disre

26、spect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always p

27、rioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islandsinhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the pastit is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curio

28、sity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to a

29、nswer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was

30、 chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！their sites returned to a natu

31、ral state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates Aher conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.Bthe importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian socie

32、ty.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.Dher appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to Aits geographical features.Bits protective surroundings.Cits religious implications.Dits existing infrastructure.28.The construct

33、ion of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because Ait may risk ruining their intellectual life.Bit reminds them of a humiliating history.Ctheir culture will lose a chance of revival.Dthey fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomy

34、 Ais fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.Bhelps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.Cmay uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.Dwill eventually soften Hawaiianshostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of Asevere criticism.Bpassive acceptance.Csl

35、ight hesitancy.Dfull approval.Text 3 Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！that which makes life worthwhile.With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a tim

36、ely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UKs GDP has been the envy of the We

37、stern world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growt

38、h into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,e

39、ducation and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in k

40、ey indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that r

41、ich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It d

42、oes not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for

43、growth.But 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified G

44、DP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the

45、 UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that Athe UK is prepa

46、ring for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson BGDP figures,a Window on Global Econom

47、ic Health CRobert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP DBrexit,the UKs Gateway to Well-being Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while hold

48、ing its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at hisofficial acts,or the

49、former governor s decisions onspecificandunsettledissues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening d

50、oors isdistasteful and nasty.But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an official act.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism