考研英语一历年真题及答案.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！考研英语一历年真题及答案【篇一：2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析】ass=txt2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 及答案详细解析 section i use of english:directions:read the following text.choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark a,b,c or d on the answer sheet.(10 points)though not biologi

2、cally related,friends are as related as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.that is _(1)_a study,published from the university of california and yale university in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences,has_(2)_.the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subject

3、s which _(4)_pairs of uelated friends and uelated strangers.the same people were used in both_(5)_.while 1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist.as james fowler,professor of medical genetics at uc san diego,says,most people do not 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！even _(7)_their f

4、ourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.the study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us

5、to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.there could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_functional kinship of being friends with_(14)_!one of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than

6、 other genes studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.the findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.though all the subjects were drawn f

7、rom a population of european extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.1.a when b why c how d what 2.a defended b concluded c withdrawn d advised欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！3.a for b with c on d by 4.a compared b

8、sought c separated d connected 5.a tests b objects csamples d examples 6.a insignificant b unexpected cunbelievable d incredible 7.a visit b miss c seek d know 8.a resemble b influence c favor d surpass 9.a again b also c instead d thus 10.a meanwhile b furthermore c likewise d perhaps 11.a about b

9、to cfrom dlike 12.a drive b observe c confuse dlimit 13.a according to b rather than c regardless of d along with 14.a chances bresponses cmissions dbenefits 15.a later bslower c faster d earlier 16.aforecast bremember cunderstand dexpress 17.a unpredictable bcontributory c controllable d disruptive

10、 18.a endeavor bdecision carrangement d tendency 19.a political b religious c ethnic d economic 20.a see b show c prove d tell欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！section ii reading comprehension part a directions:read the following four texts.answer the questions below each text by choosi

11、ng a,b,c or d.mark your answers on answer sheet.(40 points)text 1 king juan carlos of spain once insisted kings dont abdicate,they dare in their sleep.but embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.so,d

12、oes the spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?does that mean the writing is on the wall for all european royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?the spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.when public opinion is particularly polarise

13、d,as it was following the end of the franco regime,monarchs can rise above mere politics and embody a spirit of national unity.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！it is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity polarized.and also,the middle east

14、excepted,europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with 10 kingdoms(not counting vatican city and andorra).but unlike their absolutist counterparts in the gulf and asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but

15、 respected public figure.even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.at a time when thomas piketty and other economists are

16、 warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.the most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.princes and princesses have

17、day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters).even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！while europes monarchies will no doubt be sm

18、art enough to survive for some time to come,it is the british royals who have most to fear from the spanish example.it is only the queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her ratherordinary(if well-heeled)granny style.the danger will come with charles,who has both an expensive taste of

19、 lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.he has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.charles ought to know that as english history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the mo

20、narchys worst enemies.21.according to the first two paragraphs,king juan carlos of spain a used turn enjoy high public support b was unpopular among european royals c cased his relationship with his rivals dended his reign in embarrassment 22.monarchs are kept as heads of state in europe mostly欢迎您阅读

21、并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！a owing to their undoubted and respectable status b to achieve a balance between tradition and reality c to give voter more public figures to look up to ddue to their everlasting political embodiment 23.which of the following is shown to be odd,according to

22、paragraph 4?a aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth b the role of the nobility in modern democracies c the simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families dthe nobilitys adherence to their privileges 24.the british royals have most to fear because charles a takes a rough line on political

23、 issues b fails to change his lifestyle as advised c takes republicans as his potential allies d fails to adapt himself to his future role 25.which of the following is the best title of the text?欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！a carlos,glory and disgrace combined b charles,anxious to

24、succeed to the throne c carlos,a lesson for all european monarchs dcharles,slow to react to the coming threats text 2 just how much does the constitution protect your digital data?the supreme court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the ph

25、one is on or around a person during an arrest.california has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.it is hard,the state argues,for judges to asse

26、ss the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.the court would be recklessly modest if it followed californias advice.enough of the implications are discernable,even obvious,so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来

27、源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！they should start by discarding californias lame argument that exploring the contentsof a smart phone a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to,say,rifling through a suspects purse.the court has ruled that police dont violate the fourth amendment when they

28、 sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.but exploring ones smart phone is more like entering his or her home.a smart phone may contain an arrestees reading history,financial history,medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.the development of

29、cloud computing,meanwhile,has made that exploration so much the easier.as so often is the case,stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing.in many cases,it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents.they could still invalidat

30、e fourth amendment protections when facing severe,urgent circumstances,and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.the court,though,may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.

31、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！c tolerance.dcautiousness.28.the author believes that exploring ones phone contents is comparable to a getting into ones residence.b handling ones historical records.c scanning ones correspondences.d going

32、through ones wallet.29.in paragraph 5 and 6,the author shows his concern that a principles are hard to be clearly expressed.b the court is giving police less room for action.c citizens privacy is not effectively protected.d phones are used to store sensitive information.30.orin kerrs comparison is q

33、uoted to indicate that a the constitution should be implemented flexibly.b new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！ccalifornias argument violates principles of the constitution.dprinciples of the constitution should never be altered

34、 text 3 the journal science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief marcia mcnutt announced today.the policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproduci

35、bility of many published research findings.readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes mcnutt in an editorial.working with the american statistical association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(sbore).manuscript wil

36、l be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journals internal editors,or by its existing board of reviewing editors or by outside peer reviewers.the sbore panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,mcnutt sai

37、d:the creation of the?statistics board was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！research and is part of sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.giovanni pa

38、rmigiani,a biostatistician at the harvard school of public health,a member of the sbore group.he says he expects the board to play primarily an advisory role.he agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the sbore to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.

39、this impact will not only be through the publications in science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after science.john ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is a most welcome step forward and lo

40、ng overdue.most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.i think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says.but he noted that biomedical journals such as annals of internal medic

41、ine,the journal of the american medical association and the lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！t

42、o david vaux,a cell biologist.researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.vaux says that sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some m

43、erit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify?the papers that need scrutiny in the first place.31.it can be learned from paragraph 1 that a science intends to simplify their peer-review process.b journals are strengthening their statistical checks.c few journals

44、 are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.d lack of data analysis is common in research projects.【篇二：考研英语一历年真题及答案解析(1980-2015年)】p class=txtsection 1 use of english directions:read the following text.choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark a,b,c or d on answer sheet 1.(10 points)thoug

45、h not biologically related,friends are as related as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.that is 1 a study published from the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！university of california and yale university in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences,has 2.the study is a ge

46、nome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of uelated friends and uelated strangers.the same people were used in both 5.while 1%may seem 6,it is not so to a geneticist.as james fowler,professor of medical genetics at uc san diego,says,most people do not even 7 their fourth cou

47、sins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.the study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain,for now.10 perhaps,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar e

48、nvironments but there is more 11 it.there could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14!one of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes.studying

49、 this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major 17 factor.the findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！similar 19 backgrounds,say the researchers.though all the

50、 subjects were drawn from a population of european extraction,care was taken to 20 that all subjects,friends and strangers were taken from the same population.the team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.section ii reading comprehension 1、what 2、concluded 3、on 4、compared 5、samples