2020年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析.pdf
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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 考研英语一 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank.and markA,B,CorDon ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a ser
2、ies of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting _1_ workers productivity.Instead,the studies ended_2_ giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect”the extremely influential idea the very_3_to being experimented up
3、on changed subjects behavior The idea arose because of the_4_behavior of the women in the plant.According to _5_of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not _6_what was done in the experiment._7_something was changed productivity rose
4、.A(n)_8_ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_to alter workers behavior _10_ itself After several decades,the same data were _11_to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record,no systematic _13_was found that levels of pro
5、ductivity were related to changes in lighting It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to _14_interpretation of what happened._15_,lighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday,output _16_ rose compared with the previous Saturday and _1
6、7_ to rise for the next couple of days _18_,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers _19_to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before _20_a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the all
7、eged“Hawthorne effect”is hard to pin down 1.A affected Bachieved Cextracted Drestored 2.Aat Bup Cwith Doff 3.Atruth Bsight Cact Dproof 4.Acontroversial Bperplexing Cmischievous Dambiguous 5.Arequirements Bexplanations Caccounts Dassessments 6.Aconclude Bmatter Cindicate Dwork 7.Aas far as Bfor fear
8、that Cin case that Dso long as 8.Aawareness Bexpectation Csentiment Dillusion 9.Asuitable Bexcessive Cenough Dabundant 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 10.Aabout Bfor Con Dby 11.Acompared Bshown Csubjected Dconveyed 12.Acontrary to Bconsistent with Cparallel with Dpecu
9、liar to 13.Aevidence Bguidance Cimplication Dsource 14.Adisputable Benlightening Creliable Dmisleading 15.AIn contrast BFor example CIn consequence DAs usual 16.Aduly Baccidentally Cunpredictably Dsuddenly 17.Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued 20.Abreaking Bclimbing Csurpassing Dhitting Section Rea
10、ding Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,CorD.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most f
11、ar-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable
12、 number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farth
13、er removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was ta
14、ken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men
15、 believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to
16、writers who are.”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.
17、During his lifetime,though,he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics,a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings
18、 on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote.Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover
19、,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D youn
20、g readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by A free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writers duty to fulfil
21、l journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers to
22、day.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25.What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old Days B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers C Mournful Decline of J
23、ournalism D Prominent Critics in Memory Text 2 Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online payment system 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 Merrill Lynch got legal prot
24、ection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lying a box。Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.In a move that has intellectua
25、l-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski,as the case is known,is“a very big deal”,says DermisD,Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.It“has the potential
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