2016考研英语一真题及参考答案【完整版】.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia,the choice of a spouse is a

2、complex one for the young male.It mayinvolve not only his parents and his friends,1 those of the young woman,but alsoa matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parentsto 3 the marriage negotiations,or the young mans parents may make the choice ofa spouse,giving the ch

3、ild little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto thespouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each familyinvestigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted threedays,7 by the 1980s i

4、t more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offera short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual haircutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride s and groom s wrists,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples

5、 to blessthe 11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may 12 withthem up to a year,13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common.Divorced persons are 15 withsome disapproval.Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage,and

6、jointly-acquired property is 18 equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but agender prejudice 19 up:The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before hecan remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.Aby way of Bon behalf of Cas well as Dwith regard to欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！

7、2.Aadapt to Bprovide for Ccompete with Ddecide on3.Aclose Brenew Carrange Dpostpone4.AAbove all BIn theory CIn time DFor example5.AAlthough BLest CAfter DUnless6.Ainto Bwithin Cfrom Dthrough7.Asince Bbut Cor Dso8.Acopy Btest Crecite Dcreate9.Afolding Bpiling Cwrapping Dtying10.Apassing Blighting Chi

8、ding Dserving11.Ameeting Bcollection Cassociation Dunion12.Agrow Bpart Cdeal Dlive13.Awhereas Buntil Cif Dfor14.Aobtain Bfollow Cchallenge Davoid15.Aisolated Bpersuaded Cviewed Dexposed16.Awhatever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwherever17.Achanged Bbrought Cshaped Dpushed18.Awithdrawn Binvested Cdonated Ddivi

9、ded19.Abreaks Bwarms Cshows Dclears20.Aso that Bwhile Conce Din thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 point

10、s)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided itsfashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crimeto employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliam

11、ent also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty shouldnot be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.Thats a start.And theban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting m

12、odels from starvingthemselves to deathas some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it musttake responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,aboutthe social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to wome

13、n(and many men)that theyshould not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hintthat people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect ratherthan dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe pu

14、nishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deepand bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body masscould result in a$85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on

15、 materialadornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few othercountries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion imagesthat rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions,Denmarks fashion industry agreed last monthon rules an

16、d sanctions regarding the age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware ofand take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！especially on young p

17、eople.”The charters main tool of enforcement is to denyaccess for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week,which is runby the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethodof compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse

18、 of bodyideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beautybeyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefined.B New runways would be constructed.C Websites about di

19、eting would thrive.D The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“impinging on”(Line 2,Para 2)is closest in meaning toA heightening the value of.B indicating the state of.C losing faith in.D doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?A The French measures have alread

20、y failed.B New standards are being set in Denmark.C Model are no longer under peer pressure.D Its inherent problems are getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A setting a high age threshold for models.B caring too much about

21、 models character.C showing little concern for health factors.D pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.B Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.C A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.D A C

22、hallenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate“thecountryside”alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and the National HealthService(NHS)as what make

23、s them proudest of their country,this has limitedpolitical support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylishhouses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It wasspecifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they couldexp

24、erience“a refreshing air.”Hill s pressure later led to the creation of nationalparks and green belts.They dont make countryside any more,and every year concreteconsumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Co

25、nservativesplanning reform explicitly gives rural development priority overconservation,even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labourlikewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose de

26、velopment.TheLiberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with those欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to ProtectRural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible pl

27、ace to build new houses,factories and offices is where peopleare,in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the Londonare alone,with no intrusion on green bet.What is true of London is even true

28、r ofthe provinces.The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them.Underlobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation andrenewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites ag

29、ainst high streets.This is nota free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will alwaysgrow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects theircharacter.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let rip.

30、After the Netherlands,Britain isEuropes most crowded country.Half a century of town and country planning hasenabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-densityurban living.There is no doubt of the alternativethe corrupted landscapes ofsouthern Portugal,Spain or Irelan

31、d.Avoiding this rather than promoting it shouldunite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britains public sentiment about the countrysideA didnt start till the Shakespearean age.B has brought much benefit to the NHS.C is fully backed by the royal family.D is not well reflected in politics

32、.27.According to Paragraph 2,the achievements of the National Trust are now beA gradually destroyed.B effectively reinforced.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！C largely overshadowed.D properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A Labour is under attack

33、for opposing development.B The Conservatives may abandon“off-plan”building.C The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.D Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osbornes preferenceA highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.B shows his

34、disregard for the character of rural areas.C stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation ofA the size of population in Britain.B the political life in todays Britain.C the enviable urba

35、n lifestyle in Britain.D the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,”Wrote MiltonFriedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engagein activities designed to increase its profit”.But even if you accept F

36、iredmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as waste ofshareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggest欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecutedfor corrup

37、tion.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15 billiona year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add valueto their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a companys products are of high quality.Second

38、,customers maybe willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the goodcauses it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its gooddeeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effec

39、ts becauseconsumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate themby looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products aspart of their investigations,they could be influenced o

40、nly by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out thepossibility that it was firms political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies

41、that contributed more to politicalcampaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a casebased on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concer

42、n,such aschild labour,or increasing corporate giving by about 20%results in fines thatgenerally are 40%lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how muchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor

43、does it reveal how much companies are bankingon the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide theirdo-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies getinto trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costlypunishment.31.Th

44、e author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A toleranceB skepticismC uncertaintyD approval32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company byA winning trust from consumers.B guarding it against malpractices.C protecting it from being defamed.

45、D raising the quality of its products.33.The expression“more lenient”(Line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning toA more effectiveB less controversialC less severeD more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR recordA has an impact on their decision.B comes across as reliable evidence.C

46、increases the chance of being penalized.D constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?A Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B The necessary amount of companies spendi

47、ng on it is unknown.C Companies financial capacity for it has been overestimated.D It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish storieson newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in

48、the future，”the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，theres plenty ofincentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physicalnewspaper-printing presses,delivery trucksisnt just expensive;its excessiveat a time when online-only com

49、petitors dont have the same set of financialconstraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is stilldeclining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its printedition wou

50、ld be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldt waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to acceleratethat transition would make sense for them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it,youre going to h