定语从句关系代词讲解与练习.ppt

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1、 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型句型种句型种类类主主语语谓语谓语部分部分谓语动词谓语动词表表语语宾语宾语补语补语S+Vi(主主+谓谓)Patarrived.S+Vt+O(主主+谓谓+宾宾)Sheplaysthe piano.S+Link.V+P(主主+系系+表表)Theyare(系动词系动词)heroes.S+Vt+InO+DO(主主+谓谓+双双宾宾)Iofferedhim 5 dollars.(人人间间物直物直)S+Vt+O+Oc(主主+谓谓+复合复合宾语宾语)Annmademecry.句子成分详解句子成分详解句子成分句子成分意意义义充当充当词类词类例句例句主主语语表示句子表示句子

2、说说的是什么人或什么的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，式，动动名名词词，短，短语语或或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说说明主明主语语做什么，是什么或怎做什么，是什么或怎么么样样动词动词或或动词词组动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示表示动动作行作行为为的的对对象象同主同主语语Both of us like English.表表语语与与联联系系动词连动词连用，一起构成用，一起构成谓谓语语，说说明主明主语语的性的性质质或特征或特征同主同主语语 及形容及形容词词Her fath

3、er is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定定语语用来修用来修饰饰名名词词或代或代词词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介副，介词词短短语语或句子或句子We have eight lessons every day.状状语语修修饰动词饰动词，形容，形容词词，副，副词词，表，表示示动动作作发发生的生的时间时间，地点，原，地点，原因，目的，方式，因，目的，方式，结结果等果等副副词词，介，介词词短短语语或句或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补补足足语语逻辑逻辑上与上与宾语宾语

4、是主是主谓谓关系关系形容形容词词，名，名词词，介，介词词短短语语等等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子的分类句子的分类分分类类说说明明例句例句简简单单句句由一个主由一个主语语或并列主或并列主语语和一个和一个谓语谓语或并列或并列谓语谓语构成的句子。即构成的句子。即一套主一套主谓谓关系。关系。1.Tom and I found her there.2.We all breathe,eat and work.并并列列句句由并列由并列连词连

5、词（and,so,but,or等）等）把两个或两个以上的把两个或两个以上的简单简单句句连连在一起而构在一起而构成的句子。成的句子。1.He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.2.Work hard or you will fall behind.复复合合句句由一个主句和一个或由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成一个以上的从句构成的句子的句子1.I believe you are right.2.If you study harder,you will pass the exam.Translate the sentences：1.The number

6、 of the passengers who got injured in the accident was 36.2.Is this the house which/that you bought last month?在这场事故中受伤的乘客的人数是在这场事故中受伤的乘客的人数是36.这就是你上个月买的房子吗？这就是你上个月买的房子吗？3.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?你认识我们班上那个头发很短的女孩吗？你认识我们班上那个头发很短的女孩吗？The Attributive ClauseThe Attribu

7、tive Clause 定语从句定语从句Goals of this class:Goals of this class:1.1.了解定语从句的定义。了解定语从句的定义。2.2.了解关系代词的实质和用法。了解关系代词的实质和用法。3.3.学会使用学会使用which,that,who,whom which,that,who,whom 4.4.探究探究whose whose 的使用方法。的使用方法。一、什么是定语从句？一、什么是定语从句？1.定语：定语：e.g.Lisa is a pretty girl.形容词形容词a shoe shop a net bar名词名词I saw an interest

8、ing movie last night.-ing形式形式We must save the animals in danger.介词短语介词短语English is a language spoken all over the world.过去分词过去分词对句子中的名词或代词进行对句子中的名词或代词进行修饰、限定，可由多种形式担任修饰、限定，可由多种形式担任2.从句：从句：Because the Smiths have lived in the town for nearly 10 years,they know everyone here.从句从句主句主句复合句复合句在复合句中为主句服务，处

9、于在复合句中为主句服务，处于次要地位，作某种成分的句子。次要地位，作某种成分的句子。I cant understand what youre saying.宾语从句宾语从句3.定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词作定语，处于次要地位的句子。词作定语，处于次要地位的句子。Main clause&the attributive clause Mary is a student who is 21 years old.()()He who laughs last laughs best.()主句部分主句部分从句部分从句部分从句部分从句部分1.The number of

10、the passengers who got injured in the accident was 36.2.Is this the house which/that you bought last month?3.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.the machinecan fly.A plane is a machinethat/which关系词关系词引导定语从句的词叫什么呢？引导定语从句的词叫什么呢？I work and

11、 live in a space capsuleIt is a place _ an astronaut works and lives whereRelative pronouns:that,which,who,whom whose,asRelative adverbs:when,where,whyRelatives定语从句所修饰的词叫：定语从句所修饰的词叫：先行词先行词antecedent先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The b

12、oy whose parents are workers came to our class yesterday.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1.An astronaut is a person who works and travels in

13、 space.2.Space craft is a vehicle that/which can travel in space.3.Space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.4.15th oct.2003 was the day when Yang Liwei was sent into the skyantecedent 先行先行词词relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词relative adverb关系关系副词副词antecedent 先行先行词词 David is a kind person.He always he

14、lps others.David is a kind person who always helps others subjectFunction of relative pronounsin the attributive clauses.I like the gift.He got the gift for me.I like the gift which he got for me.objectIs a small town.It is no longer a small town.It is no longer the small town that it used to be.pre

15、dicative He is a great boy.His name will be remembered.He is a great boy whose name will be remembered.attributeThe school is in Shenzhen.He studied in the school.The school where he studied is ShenzhenadverbialIn the attributive clauses,the relative words usually function as subject,object,predicat

16、ive,attribute,and adverbial.Function of relative pronounsin the attributive clauses.指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom三、关系代词的用法三、关系代词的用法Reading aloudThe teacher praised the student.The students English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.who

17、se=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是实际上是先行词的所有格先行词的所有格 四、四、whose 的用法的用法The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.The house the window of the house is broken is mine.The house the window of which is broken is mine.所有格所有格whose+名词名词the+名词名词+of whichPractice1.The man has retired.2.The man is mending

18、 the machine.The man who is mending the machine has retired.2.We are traveling to Kunming.It is also called the Spring City.We are traveling to Kunming,whichis also called the Spring City?3.I lost the watch.Ella gave me the watch as a gift.I lost the watch that Ella gave me as a giftPractice:1.This

19、summer,Tommy returned to the village _ was his birthplace.2.The girl _ is singing a song in the next room is my sister.3.Anyone _ did this is unforgivable.4.October 1 is a day _ we Chinese will never forget.5.The hotel _ we stayed at during the holiday stands by the seaside.6.He has two sons,both of

20、 _ work as a policeman.which who who which which whomPractice:Do you know the boy whose mother is our headmaster?1.Do you know the boy?His mother is our headteacher.2.I like the house.Its garden is beautiful.The garden of the house is beautifulI like the house whose garden is beautiful.I like the ho

21、use the garden of which is beautiful.3.The house _face southbelongs to Mr.Chen.A.which B.the windows of which C.of which windows D.whose windowB总结：总结：1.1.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2.2.什么是先行词和引导词？什么是先行词和引导词？3.3.关系代词代替的是什么？关系代词代替的是什么？在从句中关系代词作成分吗？在从句中关系代词作成分吗？4.4.如何使用如何使用which,that,who,whom which,that,who,whom？

22、5.5.whosewhose 的使用方法。的使用方法。Practice:1.Those were finally rescued.They were trapped under the ruins.Those who were trapped under the ruins were finally rescued.2.We are looking at the building.The building used to be a hospital.The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.3.The movie is

23、 interesting.Its director is Feng Xiaogang.The movie whose director is Feng Xiaogang is interesting.Practice:1.My head teacher is Mrs.Lin,_ son is my best friend.2.I will never forget the day _ we spent on the beautiful island.3.Liu Xiang and Yao Ming,both of _ are Shanghainese,are world-famous athe

24、letes.4.Is this the house _ you lived in?5.My family,_ are all music lovers,are going to hear the concert tonight.which that whose whom which whoPractice:1.The first place _interested me was the Childrens Palace.A.which B.that C.what D.in whichB B2.Do you know the man _?A.whom I spoke B.to who I spo

25、keB.C.I spoke to D.that I spokeC C3.Im interested in _you have said.A.all that B.all which C.that D.whichA A4.This is one of the best films _ this year.A.that have shown B.B.that have been shownC.which has shownD.which have been shownB B5.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A.who

26、 B.whos C.which D.whoseD D7.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of _are women.A.them B.which C.whom D.who6.The letter is from my sister,_is working in Beijing.A.which B.that C.whom D.whoD D6.The letter is from my sister,_ tells us a piece of good news in it.A.which B.that C.whom D.whoA AC C8.The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;isB.C.own;is D.own;are C C