2021考研英语真题(一)真题及解析.pdf

《2021考研英语真题(一)真题及解析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021考研英语真题(一)真题及解析.pdf（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2021 考研英语真题一 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.10 points Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to h

2、ealth.But 1 some claims to the contrary，laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels，3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to 4，a good laugh is unlikely to have 5

3、 benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does.Although sadness also 14 tears，evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth

4、-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips，which would produce an 17 expression.Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown，19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20 ，t

5、he physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike 2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve 5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6.AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief欢迎您

6、阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10.Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12.Awith Bon Cin Dat 13.Aunless Buntil Cif

7、 Dbecause 14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent 18.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely

8、Part A Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.40 points Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ev

9、er since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2021.For the most part，the response has been favorable，to say the least.Hooray！At last！wrote Anthony Tommasini，a sober-sided classical-music critic.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！One possible response is for classical performers

10、to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different，more vibrant organization.But what will be t

11、he nature of that difference？Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointmen

12、t has Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.B modest.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.Accordin

13、g to the text，which of the following is true of recordings？AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，t

14、he author feels Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2 C respectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！alone.In recent weeks t

15、he No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure，executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers

16、 cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold，deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter，CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had，accordi

17、ng to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up，opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must

18、be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or t

19、o leave a bad one.The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are，but thats been fundamentally inverted，says one headhunter.The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.26.When McGee announced his departure，his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.B frank.

20、C self-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2，senior executives quitting may be spurred by Atheir expectation of better financial status.B their need to reflect on their private life.C their strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删

21、除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！28.The word p oached Line 3，Paragraph 4 most probably means Aapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care mor

22、e about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text？ACEOs：Where to Go？BCEOs：All the Way Up？CTop Managers Jump without a Net DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！social-media re

23、sponse campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create earned media when they are A obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help

24、 their friends promote quality products.D 32.According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature A a safe business environment.B C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来

25、源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C D 34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example of A responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hij

26、acked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about？A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onl

27、y Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock，as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant news.Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.In a society that

28、 so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing？It doesnt seem quite fair，then，欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us We

29、ekly and People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid

30、 without a partner to lean on；yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their ownread：with round-the-clock helpis a piece of cake.Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand that

31、a baby is not a haircut.But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting the Rache

32、l might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring Atemporary delight Benjoyment in progress Chappiness in retrospect Dlasting reward 37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that A celebrity moms are a permanent source for goss

33、ip.Bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention.Cnews about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.Dhaving children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks Aare constantly exposed to criticism.B are largely ignored by the media.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互

34、联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！C fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.Dare less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4，the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is Asoothing.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？AHaving children contrib

35、utes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.BCelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.CHaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.Part B Directions：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these par

36、agraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.10 points A 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Harvard，Mr Menand notes，the great books are read because the

37、y have been read-they form a sort of social glue.B Equally unsurprisingly，only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school.There are simply too few posts.This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.But fewer students want to study humanitie

38、s subjects：English departments awarded more bachelors degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later.Fewer students requires fewer teachers.So，at the end of a decade of theses-writing，many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.C One reason why

39、 it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate，taught in different schools.Many students experience both varieties.Although more than half of Harvard

40、undergraduates end up in law，medicine or business，future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.E Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation，top American universities have professionalised the professor.T

41、he growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process：federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990，but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful ac

42、ademic career：as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one.But the key idea behind professionalisation，argues Mr Menand，is that the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over

43、the production of knowledge，but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.F G The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas：Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.They may then dec

44、ide to go elsewhere.For something curious has been happening in American Universities，and Louis Menand，a professor of English at Harvard University，captured it skillfully.G 41.42.E 43.44.45.Part C Directions：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Yo

45、ur translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.10 points欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！With its theme that Mind is the master weaver，creating our inner character and outer circumstances，the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central

46、idea of self-help writing.46 Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter，we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerles

47、s；this allows us to think one way and act another.However，Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind，and 47 while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone，in reality we are continually faced with a question：Why ca

48、nnot I make myself do this or achieve that？Part of the fame of Allens book is its contention that Circumstances do not make a person，they reveal him.48 This seems a justification for neglect of those in need，and a rationalization of exploitation，of the superiority of those at the top and the inferio

49、rity of those at the bottom.This，however，would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument.Each set of circumstances，however bad，offers a unique opportunity for growth.If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people，then humanity would never have progressed.In fat，49circumstance

50、s seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been wronged then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.Nevertheless，as any biographer knows，a persons early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.Section W