2020考研英语一真题 阅读真题及解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Text 1 A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town of culture award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017 and has

2、 been awarded to Coventry for zozl.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in E220m of investment and an avalache of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to

3、put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of Eur

4、opean capital of culture,a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows

5、that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run year of culture washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really suc

6、cessful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is

7、hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community groups and cultural organizations.But it can be done:Glasgow s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that

8、have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.

9、Cooper and her colleagues argue that a town of culture award could_ A consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.B promote cooperation among Britains towns.C increase the economic strength of Britains towns.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！D focus Britains limited resources on cultural

10、events.22.According to Paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some as_ A a sensible compromise.B a self-deceiving attempt.C an eye-catching bonus.D an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it_ A endeavours to maintain its image.B meets the aspira

11、tions of its people.C brings its local arts to prominence.D commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present_ A a contrasting case.B a supporting example.C a background story,D a related topic.25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A Skeptical B Objecti

12、ve C Favourable D Critical 21 C increase the economic strength of Britains towns 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！这道题是细节题。题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第三句：“Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,”“赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它为赫尔带来了 2.2 亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。英国的城镇，确实

13、没有被阻止申请，但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。有人认为，“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动，吸引资金并创造就业机会。所以能看出答案是 C.增强英国城镇的经济实力。22 B a self-deceiving attempt 该题是推断题,题干问:根据第二段，这一提议或许会被一些人认为是.。可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声，因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了”能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。很多人不认识

14、 boo，但是也能从后面的 on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际，英国即将消失在一场无休止的自我庆祝热潮之中.接下来几个反问句，能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试，所以选择 B。23 D commits to its long-term growth 该题也是细节题,题干问:作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它可以定位到第三段第三句，这些头衔真正成功的持有者，是那些除了为酒

15、店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外，还做了很多事情的人。它们转变了当地居民的愿望;他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。所以能看出只要他把致力于乡村的长期发展中，这个头衔就会是成功的。24 A.a contrasting case 这题是写作目的题，题干说：第 3 段提到格拉斯哥是为了展现什么。可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。可以看到前面有明显的 BUT，知道和前面的意思成相反。“这个问题很难解决，需要高度的远见卓识，也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。但这是可以做到的:格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一，这些因素把这座

16、城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量，直到今天。”25 D favourable 这题是作者态度题，问作者对于这个建议的态度。第一段是提出该建议。第二段是一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘。而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度，“一个“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城，而且要尊重一个城市的特色帮助维持它的商业街，支持当地的设施，最重要的是赞美它的人民，并将其转化为行动。”所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Text 2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to prin

17、t money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowled

18、ge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishin

19、g industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than 900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded researc

20、h;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled artic

21、le published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publi

22、shing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit

23、before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around 500 to$

24、5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of thesearticle preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hop

25、e of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because_ A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B

26、its marketing strategy has been successful.C its payment for peer review is reduced.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_ A thrived mainly on university libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing i

27、ndustry.D financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.B Puzzled.C Concerned D Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_ Aallow publishers some room to make money.B render publishing much easier for scientis

28、ts.C reduce the cost of publication substantially.D free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?A Trial subscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.C Costs are well controlled.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文

29、档！D The few feed on the many.26,细节题 D its content acquisition cost nothing 根据题干中关键词 a licence to print money because,定位到第一段第二句，其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。正确选项 D，acquisition 原词，for free 替换选项中的，cost nothing.27,细节题 A thrived mainly on universities libraries 根据题干关键词 Elsevier 定位到第三段第一句话，The

30、 Dutch giant Elsevier,.made profits of more than 490m last year.while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016,该公司去年利润超过 4.9 亿英镑 然而仅英国大学在 2016 年就花费了超过 2.1 亿英镑。正确选项 A 主要依靠大学图书馆 为定位句的同意表达 28 态度题 B concerned 根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，The success of Sci-Hub,.have themselves legally accessed

31、shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants 这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，以便为所有参与者服务.可见作者对于 Sci-Hub 的成功采取否定态度，正确选项 B concerned 担忧，担心。A relieved 宽慰的，C puzzled 困惑的属错误选项，D encouraged 鼓励的，正反混淆 29 推断题 A allow publishers some

32、room to make money 根据题干关键词 open access 定位到第四段，最后一句.so that the publishers can make a profit before.,合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利，A 选项为同义替换。B render publishing much easier for scientists 使发表对科学家来说容易得多.C reduce the cost of publication substantiality 降低出版成本 D.free universities from financial burdens 使大学摆脱财政负担 30 细

33、节题 D the few feed on the many 根据题干关键词 scientific publishing model 定位到最后一段第五句，labour is provided places free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.劳动力被免费提供，以换取地位的希望，而一些经营市场的大公司则获得了巨额利润。可知少部分作者免费劳动，大部分公司盈利，A 选项为同义替换 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来

34、源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Text 3 Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pai

35、r of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female.In or

36、der to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,wh

37、ich last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications

38、 unless they are designed to address an important policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of equal protection.But are such government mandates

39、even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 t

40、he share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gen

41、der quota.Wrting in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to agolden skirt phenomenon,where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.N

42、ext time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do litle to help average women.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！31.The author believes that the bills sponsor

43、ed by Lewis and Haddad wills_ A help little to reduce gender bias.B pose a threat to the state government.C raise womens position in politics.D greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?A It has irritated private business owners.B It is welcomed by th

44、e Supreme Court,C It may go against the Constitution.D It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate_ A the harm from arbitrary board decision.B the importance of constitutional guaranees.C the pressure on women in global corporations.D the needless

45、ness of government interventions.34.Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_ A the underestimation of elite womens role.B the objection to female participation on boards.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D the growing tension between labor and management

46、.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A Womens need in employment should be considered.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D Major social issues should be the fo

47、cus of legislation.31 态度题 A help little to reduce gender bias 纵观全文，文章一直在论述该法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助，由此可见作者对此法案采取否定态度，A help little to reduce gender bias 对减少性别偏见没什么帮助为同义替换的正确选项 32 细节题 C it may go against the constitution 根据题干中的关键词 California

48、measures 定位到原文第五段第二句，Because the California law applies to all boards,.courts are likely to rule that the law violate the constitutional guarantee of equal protection violate 违反宪法，选项 C against 替换 violate 为正确选项 33.例证题 D the needlessness of government interventions 根据题干中 catalyst 替换到第 7 段，论点为上一句 The n

49、umber of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government.在没有政府的情况下，公司董事会中的妇女人数一直在稳步增加。可见 D 选项中 the needlessness of government interventions 政府干预的不必要性 34 细节题 C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board 根据 Norway 定位到倒数第三段第一句，要求将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格，必然会导致私营部门董事会减少。紧接着下文董事会成

50、员的机会越来越多，却没有合格的女性来担任董事会成员，由此可见会有不合格的人进入董事会，正确选项 C 不合格候选人进入董事会 35 推断 B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking 由最后一段可知，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可知该政策并不可取，正确选项 B可行性应是决策的首要考虑因素 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如