2012年考研英语一真题-答案及详解.pdf
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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!2012年考研英语真题-答案及详解2012年考研英语答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an i
2、mportant issue recently.The court cannot _1_ itslegitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in waysthat _3_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political ev
3、ents.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courtsdecisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code.At the veryleast,the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This
4、and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanentpositions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ p
5、olitical support.Our legal system wasdesigned to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the la
6、w it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split alongideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct.That wouldmake rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_
7、20_,convincing as law.1.Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify D recognize2.Awhen Blest Cbefore D unless3.Arestored Bweakened Cestablished D eliminated4.Achallenged Bcompromised Csuspected D accepted5.Aadvanced Bcaught Cbound Dfounded6.Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone7.Aresorts Bsticks Cloads Dapplies8.Aeva
8、de Braise Cdeny Dsettle9.Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity Dconflict10.Aby Bas Cthough Dtowards11.Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough12.Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace13.Aconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate Doffer14.Aguarded Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied15.Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconceptions16.Aexcludes Bquestions Csh
9、apes Dcontrols17.Adismissed Breleased Cranked Ddistorted18.Asuppress Bexploit Caddress Dignore欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!19.Aaccessible Bamiable Cagreeable Daccountable20.Aby all mesns Batall costs Cin a word Das a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the f
10、ollowing four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Come on Everybodys doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing,is what most of us think of whenwe hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to
11、no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join theClub,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,inwhich organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possib
12、ly theword.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of example of the social cure in action:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits
13、 young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-healthcampaigns is spot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawedunderstanding of psy
14、chology.”Dare to be different,please dont smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducingsmoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer press
15、ure.But on the general effectivenessof the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enoughexploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cureas its presented here
16、 is that it doesnt work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed oncestate funding was cut.Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows tha
17、tpositive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtleform of peer pressure:we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain,however,is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups an
18、d steer their activities invirtuous directions.Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behavedclassmates.The tactic never really works.And thats the prob lem with a social cure engineered from the outside:in the realworld,as in school,we insis
19、t on choosing our own friends.21.According to the first paragraph,peer pressure often emerges asA a supplement to the social cureB a stimulus to group dynamicsC an obstacle to school progressD a cause of undesirable behaviors22.Rosenberg holds that public advocates shouldA recruit professional adver
20、tisersB learn from advertisers experienceC stay away from commercial advertisersD recognize the limitations of advertisements23.In the authors view,Rosenbergs book fails toA adequately probe social and biological factors欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!B effectively evade the flaws of
21、the social cureC illustrate the functions of state fundingDproduce a long-lasting social effect24.Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviorsA is harmful to our networks of friendsB will mislead behavioral studiesC occurs without our realizing itD can produce negative health habits25.The author
22、 suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure isA harmfulB desirableC profoundD questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except,apparently,when Entergy is involved.The company,a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was
23、 reneging on a longstanding commitment to abideby the strict nuclear regulations.Instead,the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challengethe constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court,as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclearpower p
24、lant running.Its a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002,when the corporatio n bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant,an agingreactor in Vernon.As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale,the company agreed to seek permission from stateregulators to operate past 2012
25、.In 2006,the state went a step further,requ iring that any extension of the plants license besubject to Vermont legislatures approval.Then,too,the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments,or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next.Astring of acciden
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