考研英语 真题及参考答案 完整版.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 Among the

2、 annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford s

3、tudy,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering have aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档

4、，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created m

5、ore jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue

6、in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums from grammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and help

7、ing students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the

8、.to revive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet.The.ne

9、eds the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut,and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expand

10、ed:This would boost incomes,encourage work,reward companies for job creation,and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying the machines tha

11、t are coming for our jobs would be nuts.But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Text 2 A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter.The implication is tha

12、t Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source,Not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.Such a trend

13、 is badly needed.During the 2016 presidential campaign,nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news,according to the University of Oxford.And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never

14、 trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use“distributed

15、trust”to verify stories.They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias.“Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,”the survey concluded.Such

16、 active research can have another effect.A 2014 survey conducted in Australia,Britain,and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately

17、 and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information.A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is“reader

18、 error,”more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.About a third say the problem of fake news lies in“misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via social media.In other words,the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue.“This indicates there is a

19、real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,”says Roxanne Stone,editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president,they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills and in their choices on when to share on social media.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网

20、，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn.But privacy is not the only

21、angle in this case and not even the most important.Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust,since under existing law it“controlled”the data and DeepMind merely“processed it.But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation,not the mere possession of bits,th

22、at gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate.Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them.That misses the way the surveillance economy works.The data of an individ

23、ual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted.This practice does not address the real worry.It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benef

24、it patients and save lives.What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can,big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done.We are still at the beginning of this revolu

25、tion and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later.A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.Ms Denhams report is a welcome start.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！leaving the Postal Serv

26、ice unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved-Democrats,Republicans,the Postal Service,the unions and the systems heaviest usershas finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an e

27、stimated$billion over five years,which could help pay for new vehicles,among other survival measures.Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare.The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-

28、funding retiree health care,thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House,this measure would still have to get through the Senate where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare,bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat,not

29、comprehensive reform.Theres no change to collective bargaining at the USPS,a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agencys costs.Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would sav

30、e the USPS$2 billion per year.But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it,at least in the House.The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.It is not,however,a sign that theyre

31、 getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Part B Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from

32、 the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A.In December of 1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commis

33、sion was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！the White House,the elaborate French Second Empire style

34、 design by Alfred Mullett was selected,and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B.Completed in 1875,the State Departments south wing was the first to be occupied,with its elegant four-story library(completed in 1876),Diplomatic Reception Room,and Secretarys

35、 office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879,where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C.The State,War,and Navy Building,as it was originally known,housed

36、 the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nations foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building

37、has housed some of the nations most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D.Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOBs granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt,Willia

38、m Howard Taft,Dwight D.Eisenhower,Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford,and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president.It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy,21 Secretaries of War,and 24 Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries

39、 met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E.The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury,Alfred B.Mull

40、ett,it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State,War,and Navy Departments,and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F.Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished,it was

41、the largest office building in Washington,with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster;the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze ba

42、lusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G.The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820.A series of fires(including those set by th

43、e British in 1814)and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In 1866,the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.【答案】41.(E)C 42.(G)43.(A)F44.(B)45.(D)Part C Directions:Read the foll

44、owing text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Shakespeares life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46)By the date of his birth Europe was wit

45、nessing the passing of the religious drama,and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs,but in England,as everywhere else in western Europe,the growth of a class of professional ac

46、tors was threatening to make the drama popular,whether it should be new or old,classical or medieval,literary or farcical.Court,school organizations of amateurs,and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment;and(47)no boy who went a grammar schoo

47、l could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old,the first public playhouse was built in London.For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.Plays aiming at lite

48、rary distinction were written for school or court,or for the choir boys of St.Pauls and the royal chapel,who,however,gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters,and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to th

49、ese theaters as offering a means of livelihood.By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five,Lyly,Peele,and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary;Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit;and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage-where they had

50、 played no part since the death of Euripides.(49)A native literary drama had been created,its alliance with the public playhouses established,and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next