2016考研英语一真题与答案解析.pdf

《2016考研英语一真题与答案解析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2016考研英语一真题与答案解析.pdf（19页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.1/19 2016 考研英语真题与参考答案 2015 年 12 月 28 日 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young ma

2、le.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young women,but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations.or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the

3、selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted

4、 a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11.Newlyw

5、eds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may12 with them up to a year,13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval.Each spouse retains16 property he or she17 into the marriage,and jointly acquired proper

6、ty is18 equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice19 up.The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1.A by way ofB as well asC on behalf ofD with regard to 2.A adapt toB provide forCcompete withD decide on 3.A closeB renewCa

7、rrangeD postpone 4.A In theoryB Above allC In timeD For example 5.A AlthoughB LestC AfterD Unless 6.A intoB withinC fromD through 7.A sineB or C butD so 8.A testBcopyCreciteD create 9.A foldingB pilingC wrappingD tying 10.A lighting B passingC hiding D serving 11.A meetingB associationC collectionDu

8、nion 12.A growB partC deal Dlive 13.A whereasB untilC forD if 14.A obtainB followC challengeDavoid 15.A isolatedB persuadedC viewedD exposed 16.AwhereverB howeverC wheneverDwhatever 17.A changedB broughtC shaped D pushed 18.A dividedB investedC donatedD withdrawn 19.AclearsB warmsC showsD breaks 欢迎您

9、阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.2/19 20.AwhileB so whatConceD in that Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Text 1 France,which prides itself as t

10、he global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites thati

11、ncite excessive thinness by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.Thats a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves

12、to health as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman that they should not let

13、 others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that st

14、ill regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized

15、 body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions,Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,hea

16、lth,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.The charters main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and

17、modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate not

18、ions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefined B New runways would be constructed 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.3/19 C Websites about dieting would thrive D T

19、he fashion industry would decline 22.The phrase impinging on is closest in meaning to A heightening the value of B indicating the state of C losing faith in D doing harm to 23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry A The French measures have already failed B New standards are being s

20、et in Denmark C Models are no longer under peer pressure D Its inherent problems are getting worse 24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for A setting perfect physical conditions B caring too much about models character C showing little concern for health factors D pursuing a high age t

21、hreshold for models 25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?A A challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals B A Dilemma for the starving models in France C Just Another Round of struggle for beauty D The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry Text 2 For the first time in the his

22、tory more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside the royal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ag

23、o Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a refreshing air.Hills pressure later led to the creation of national

24、 parks and green belts.They dont make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over

25、conservation,even authorizing offplan building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance,has si

26、des with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.Th

27、e London agents Stirling 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.4/19 Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that housing crisisequals concre

28、ted meadows is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased

29、one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europes most crowed c

30、ountry.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should uni

31、te the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britains public sentiment about the countryside A is not well reflected in politics B is fully backed by the royal family C didnt start fill the Shakespearean age D has brought much benefit to the NHS 27.According to paragraph 2,the achievements of

32、the National Trust are now being A largely overshadowed B properly protected C effectively reinforced D gradually destroyed 28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3 A Labour is under attack for opposing development B The Conservatives may abandon off-plan building C Ukip may gain fr

33、om its support for rural conservation D The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence 29.The author holds that George Osborness preference A shows his disregard for the character of rural area B stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis C highlights his firm stand against lobby pres

34、sure D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas 30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of A the size of population in Britain B the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain C the town-and-country planning in Britain D the political life in todays Britain Text 3 There is one and o

35、nly one social responsibility of business wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.But even if you accept Friedmans premise and 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.5/19 regard corporate so

36、cial responsibility policies as a waste of shareholderss money,things may not be absolutely clear-act.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15 billion a

37、 year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a signalthat a companys products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect may to donate

38、to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse halo effect whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to sep

39、arate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americans Foreign Corrupt Practices ActFCPA.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with

40、the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In

41、all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in

42、fines that generally are 40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather tha

43、n the other possible benefits,when they companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with Auncertainty Bskepticism Capproval Dtolerance 32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company

44、 by Aguarding it against malpractices Bprotecting it from consumers Cwinning trust from consumers.Draising the quality of its products 33.The expression more lenientis closest in meaning to Aless controversial Bmore lasting 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.6/19 Cmore effective Dless s

45、evere 34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR record Acomes across as reliable evidence Bhas an impact on their decision Cincreases the chance of being penalized Dconstitutes part of the investigation 35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?A The necessary

46、 amount of companies spending on it is unknown B Companies financial capacity for it has been overestimated C Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked DIt has brought much benefit to the banking industry Text 4 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish

47、 stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.Sometime in the future,the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,theres plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing

48、 presses,delivery trucks isnt just expensive;its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declin

49、ing.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.Figuring out a way to accelerate

50、that transition would make sense for them,he said,but if you discontinue it,youre going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.It was seen as bl