雅思阅读-是非无判断题ppt课件.ppt

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1、篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Lecture Two TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN QUESTIONS是非无判断题篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Objectives of Lecture TwoOverview of T/F/NG questions;Principles of T/F/NG questions;Steps of doing T/F/NG questions;篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜

2、负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN QUESTIONSOverview of T/F/NG questionsBased on the statistics from the last three years,T/F/NG questions in IELTS Reading is becoming more important;Normally 7-16 questions;Examiner has to judge whether the information in the questions(statements)are Tr

3、ue/False/Not Given according to the original text;篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Overview of T/F/NG questionsMost questions following the order principle;if not,key words have to be found;No personal understandings,find answer from the original text;Language understanding only

4、,no logical understanding;It is one of the detailed/local questions(based on the Threes Elements Analysis System).篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Overview of T/F/NG questions 题目为若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给信息，判断每个陈述句是对，错，还是未提及。题目中通常陈述A事物和B事物之间的关系，而关系通常被设置为考点。需通过题目中的关键词找到原文该题出处，作对比理解。篮球比赛是根据

5、运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统True/False/Not GivennTRUE/YESn FALSE/NOnNOT GIVEN篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统TRUE Implications of TRUE When the information represented in the questions and the original text are the same,the question is TRUE：题目和原文对应信息表述一致。Topi

6、c information(topic)in the statement and the original text are the same;Description to the topic(how)in the question and the text are the same.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 Principles of TRUE 1.Question is consented with the original text(Synonymous of n.).题目是原文的同义表达/同义替换:名词

7、（同根词之间的转换）Example 1:Question:Computers are more popular than they used to be.Original:Computers are gaining in popularity,despite their cost.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Question is consented with the original text(n.).Synonymous：numbers数量的同义替换 Example 2A Question:Many lectu

8、res get satisfaction from their work.Original：The majority of lectures find their jobs very rewarding.NB：Many 包含在majority之内。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Synonymous：numbers数量的同义替换数量的同义替换Example 2BQuestion:Most are less than five years old.大多数都少于五年。Original：Few are more than f

9、ive years old.很少有超过五年的。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of TRUE 2.The question is a reasonable induction of the original text.题目是原文的合理推断。Example 3:Original:It has been proved that a rapid response（快速反应）leads to a great likelihood of a arrest（逮捕）only if it is 1-2 minut

10、es after a call is received by a police.When the response time increases to 3-4 minutes,the likelihood of arrest is substantially reduced.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统2.Question is a reasonably induction of the original text.Question:A delay of 1-2 minutes in response may ha

11、ve substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal（嫌疑犯）is caught.Rapid Response1-2 minutes3-4 minutesA greater likelihood of arrestThe likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to TRUE questionsuNo personal understandings

12、 and no personal reasoning 可以依据原文做适当的推断，但不能做无根据的自行推断或过度的推理。Example 4 Question:A 50-watt E-lamp can give the same amount of light that is given by a 200-watt incandescent.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to TRUE questions Original:Counting the cost of electricity,a 25-watt

13、E-lamp could give out the same amount of light comparable to a 100-watt incandescent lamp(白炽灯).Answer:NOT GIVEN篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统FALSE&NOT GIVEN Implications of FALSE The information expressed in the question is the opposite of that presented in the text.Implicati

14、ons of NOT GIVEN You can find nothing in the text about the information.选择false还是not given 关键要看题目表述和原文表述是否对立。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统FALSE&NOT GIVEN Example 5Original：The water is cold.Question 1:The water is hot.Question 2:The water is dirty.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜

15、负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统FALSE/NO Principles of FALSE 1.Statements which are the opposite of the original text.命题与原文内容对立（相反）。Example 6 Question:Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.Original:Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，

16、因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of FALSE2.Statements which are the opposite of the original text,because they are negative.命题与原文内容对立（相反），因为命题否定原文内容。Example 7：Question:The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased due to improvements in forecasting.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种

17、得分类型的系统 Principles of FALSE Original:As forecasting improved communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could take measures to evaluate ahead of the storm.While destruction still continues,the number of deaths in hurricanes has dropped significantly.continue ceased 篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多

18、少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of FALSE3.Statements where the information is not the opposite or negative,but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.命题信息既不对立（相反）也不否定，但是和原文内容矛盾。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.Information in statements c

19、ontradicts that given in the textExample 8 Original:In 1609,a fleet of ships carrying settlers from England to Virginia USA was stuck by a hurricane.Some of the ships were damaged and part of the fleet grounded on Bermuda,an isolated nation in the Atlantic.These passengers became the first people to

20、 live on Bermuda.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统3.Information in statements contradicts that given in the text Question：The first people to live on Bermuda were settlers who chose to live there as alternative to England。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 No

21、tes to FALSE/NO1.当题目与原文内容相对立时，通常有反义词、not+同义词或者反义结构出现。2.Example 9 Question：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.当只有一个个体存活时，一个物种就被说是灭亡了。Original：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.当最后一个个体死亡时，一个物种就灭绝了。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统

22、Notes to FALSE/NO2.When the context has many factors paralleled,and the statements in the question is just one of them(“must”or“only”appears);原文是多个条件并列，题目只是其中一个条件（出现must或only).篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO Example 10.Question:only Russians have won gold meda

23、ls in the mens winter Olympics.Original:Since the start of Winter Games,45 out of 46 gold medals in mens Nordic skiing(越野滑雪)event have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO 3.the context has two or

24、more circumstances(often has“bothand,and,or,also”etc.),statements in the question only one of the circumstances mentioned.The question only mentions it must/only has one circumstance.原文是两个或多个情况都可以，常有 both and,and,or,also 等词，题目只是“必须”或“只有”其中一个情况，也出现了must或only 或only one.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此

25、，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NOExample 11 Question:Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.Original:Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand.Subject to availability,tickets can also be purchased from the driver.篮球比赛是根据

26、运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO 4.Adverbs of sphere/frequency/possibility appear both in the statements and the original context.原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的副词。Note:adv.使用不一致的词有？篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO Example 12 Question:It

27、 is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.Original:Without a qualification from a reputable school or university,it is unlikely to find a good job.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO5.Context explains the theory or feeli

28、ng concerning the topic information,but the statement rose to objective facts or proved theory.原文为人们对于某样事物的理论或感觉，题目则上升为客观事实或已被证明的理论。及“理论（theory）”拔高到“事实（facts）”篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NOExample 13Question:It is a fact that the melting of ice caps in both s

29、outh and north poles are worsened by worldwide increase in temperature.Original:Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are melting polar ice caps（极地冰帽的融化）.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO6.The original context has adverbial of condition(条件状语),e.

30、g.,if,unless,or if not,OR use some prepositional phrase(介词短语)to represent adverbial of condition,e.g.,in，with，but for or except for。Statements have no such adv.原文中包含条件状语限制，题目中去掉了条件成份。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Notes to FALSE/NO Example 14 Question:The media has often criti

31、cized the Internet because it is dangerous.Original:The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVEN1.The topic information in the question is not mentioned in th

32、e text,or cannot find the basis from the original text.题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及，或在原文中找不到依据。（该种类的NG大约占该题型的50%左右）篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVENExample 15Question:The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes。Original:The Mayans also showed

33、 their respect for hurricanes by building their major settlements away from the hurricane-prone(飓风频发)coast line.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统 Principles of NOT GIVEN Example 16 Question:The author believes that all foxes should be killed.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛

34、的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVENOriginal:I would suggest that foxes pose a greater problem,yet there is no passionate public campaign to oust(驱逐;剥夺；取代)foxes,presumably because it is obvious we can never eliminate the millions of wild foxes in Australia.Yet the same common sense thinking is n

35、ot applied to cats.It is thought instead that,if everyone would only spay their cats,string bells around their necks and keep them in at night,cats would no longer kill wildlife.But what of the millions of feral(野生的)cats in our deserts and woodlands?They are the bigger problem,but they are no more c

36、ontrollable than foxes or cane toads.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVEN题目的意思：所有的狐狸都应该被消灭。原文的意思是：狐狸引起了更加严重的问题，但公众却没有什么热情去开展活动驱逐狐狸，这大概是因为澳洲要消灭所有的狐狸显然是不可能的。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVEN2.The scope of the statemen

37、t is smaller than the original text.题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVENExample 17 Question:Our computer clubs offer color printers.Original:Macquarie university endeavors to keep pace with the technology innovation by equipping the campus w

38、ith computers accessing the Internet.Moreover,our computer clubs,whose number is constantly increased,provide printers with only a reasonable charge.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVEN3.The text represents ones targets,aims,opinions,willingness,guarantee or

39、pledge,etc.,but the statement represents the facts.原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等，而题目是事实。原文中常用aim（目的）、purpose（目的）、promise（保证）、swear（发誓）及vow（发誓）等词。题目中用实意动词。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVENExample 18Question:Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the mod

40、ern Olympics.只有业余运动员被允许在现代奥运会中竞争。Original:His aim was to bring together,once every four years,athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur（mt）sport.他的目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动会的赛场上。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVEN4.The comparatives appear

41、 in the statement,not in the original text.题目出现了比较级，而原文中没有比较。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Principles of NOT GIVENExample 19Question:There is now greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.Original:In Sydney,a vast array of ethnic and local resta

42、urants can be found to suit all palates and pocket,which is tremendously different from the past when a full wallet was the sloe guarantee to the possibility of tasting finest Australian cuisines.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Summary1.题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是True。题目

43、中出现这些很常见，95%的答案都不是True。题目中出现上述这些词，答案False是还是Not Given，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断，一般答案是False的比例更大一些。2.出现同义表达或推断归纳的一般为YES/TRUE.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Summary3.If the words“not,must/only,fact/prove,many/sometimes/unlikely/all/usually/always/impossible”appear in the statements,th

44、e answer normally are FALSE/NO.4.If the reading text has adverbial conditions,such as“if/unless/ifnot/in/with/but/for/except for”etc.,the answer are normally NO/FALSE.篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Summary5.出现原文没有提及或者找不到依据的题目 题目范围比原文所说的范围小，更具体的内容时候；原文是目标，想法，愿望，保证，发誓的时候，题目是事实的时

45、候，出现aim,purpose,promise,swear,vow.；题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较级的时候，一般情况下答案多为NOT GIVEN。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Steps of doing the T/F/NG questionsStep 1 Read the instructions in the question;Step 2 Read the statements and find the key/locating words in the question,then try to locat

46、e back to the original text;NB What is locating words?The words cannot be locating words?Step 3 Skimming&scanning the related paragraph and find the related sentences based on the key words;篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统Steps of doing the T/F/NG questionsStep 4 Read the sente

47、nces(which found in Step 2)carefully and notice whether it has the word of exam points(考点词)Step 5 Find the right answer(NB:order principle)Step 6 Check your answer篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统做题步骤做题步骤（1）找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落

48、，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的（2）从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中 找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，找出该段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话，通常是一句话。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统做题步骤做题步骤（3）仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律，确定正确答案。（4）要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。题目是有顺序的。第一题的答案应

49、在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于大家确定答案的位置。篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统比较考点词在是非无判断题中的应用比较考点词在是非无判断题中的应用A is than B OR A is asas B 1）A和B在有一方在原文中没有出现，答案为NOT GIVEN 2）A和B都在原文中出现，但并未出现比较，答案为NOT GIVEN；3）A和B都在原文中出现，且出现比较，但比较的内容不一致，答案为NOT GIVEN；4）如果A和B都在原文中出现，而且比较内容相同，则根据方向来判断答案为TRU

50、E/YES还是FALSENO篮球比赛是根据运动队在规定的比赛时间里得分多少来决定胜负的，因此，篮球比赛的计时计分系统是一种得分类型的系统比较考点词比较考点词Example 20Original 1:More girls(70%)than boys(60%)raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.Original 2:More girls(13%)than boys(5%)said that rainforests provided human habitats.Question:Girls are more likely than bo