专四词汇语法(完整)ppt课件.ppt

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1、专四语言知识专四语言知识Dorothyn题型特点：题型特点：*总共20题，分值20分，时间10分钟*语法题10道，词汇题10道*语法居前，词汇居后n小练：小练：n62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably_athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.(2007专四）A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmorenHeisnomorediligentthanhisbrother.nHeisnotmorediligentth

2、anhisbrother.nHeisnolessdiligentthanhisbrother.和和一样不一样不不超过，不比不超过，不比更更不亚于，和不亚于，和一样一样Heisnomorethanaworker.(just)Notmorethan5studentspassedtheexam.(atmost)比如：词汇题n58.Weshouldmakeaclear_betweencompetentandproficientforthepurposesofourdiscussion.（2000）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.differencen56.Be

3、ingcolour-blind,Sallycantmakea_betweenredandgreen.（2001）A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.divisionn63.Duringthesummerholidayseasonitisdifficulttofinda(n)_roominthehotelshere.(2002)A.emptyB.vacantC.freeD.desertedn60.Duringthesummerholidayseasonthereareno_roomsinthisseasidehotel.（2003）A.emptyB.bl

4、ankC.desertedD.vacantn57.Jimmyearnshislivingby_worksofartinthemuseum.（2004）A.recoveringB.restoringC.renewingD.revivingn67Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto_theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendour.（2006）ArefreshingBrestoringCrenovatingDrenewingn80Thecouplehasdonatedanot_amountofmoneytothefoundation.（2006）Ainco

5、nsiderableBinconsiderateCinaccurateDincomparablen67.Ontheroadmotoristsshouldbeawareofcyclistsandbe_towardsthem.（2008）A.considerableB.consideringC.considerateD.consideredn62.Heplaystennistothe_ofallothersports.（2004）A.eradicationB.exclusionC.extensionD.inclusionn68.Thebarintheclubisforthe_useofitsmem

6、bers.（2007）A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensivenexclusive news/report/store /club nAre we exclusive?语法题n53.She_fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherataconference.(2009)A.hadbeenB.mustbeC.hasbeenD.musthavebeenn56.She_fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.（2007）A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthaveb

7、eenn51._atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesntseemsogloomy.（2000）A.LookingB.LookedC.HavinglookedD.Tolookn64._atinhisway,thesituationdoesntseemsodesperate.（2007）A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolookn45.Intellectistothemind_sightistothebody.（2001）A.whatB.asC.thatD.liken53.Nineistothree_threeis

8、toone.（2008）A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what专四特殊句型：专四特殊句型：A is to B what C is to DWater is to fish what air is to man.让步状语从句特殊句型as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。n48.Fool_Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.（2002）A.whoB.asC.thatD.liken49._Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.（2003）

9、A.AsmushasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchasn55._hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.（2008）A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch专四语法总结：专四语法总结：n虚拟语气虚拟语气 n时态与语态时态与语态n主谓一致主谓一致n非谓语动词非谓语动词n情态动词情态动词n定语从句定语从句 （+状语从句状语从句+名词性从句）名词性从句）n反义疑问句反义疑问句n专四特色短语专四特色短语+句型句型n虚拟语气虚拟

10、语气条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气n例句：例句：About marriagenIfyouhadmarriedmebefore,youwouldnothavegonethroughsuchadifficultperiod.(过去）nIfIwereyou,Iwouldmarrytheguyinfrontofyou.（现在）nIfIwereamanintheafterworld,Iwouldmarryagirlexactlylikemyself.（将来）nIfthesunwereto/shouldriseinthewesttomorrow,Iwouldthinkaboutmarryingyou

11、.（将来）n错综条件句：错综条件句：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：nIftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytirednow.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)nIfyouhadmarriedmebefore，youwouldnothavegonethroughsuchadifficultperiod.nIfyouhadmarriedmebefore，youwouldbeveryhap

12、pynow.n虚拟句通常可虚拟句通常可省略省略if，变换形式，即，变换形式，即“were/had/should+主语主语”。n例句：例句：nIfyouhadmarriedmebefore,youwouldnothavegonethroughsuchadifficultperiod.nIfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeit.nIfIhadtimerightnow,Iwouldgowithyou.nIfitwereto/shouldraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.n宾语从句宾语从句中中：insist,suggest,require,re

13、quest,demand,propose,maintain,recommend,等动词表建议、愿望时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气-Should+Vn主语从句主语从句中中：Itis+adj.that句型中出现形容词如necessary,vital,imperative,critical,crucial,urgent,strange,disappointing,或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested,proposed,advised,demanded,requested,required等时，that句中用should+V表示虚拟。n 定语从句定语从句中。中。n常用句型常用句型“It

14、is(high)time(that)”中，定语从句的谓语中，定语从句的谓语动词用动词用一般过去时一般过去时(be用用were)ItstimethatIpickedupmydaughter.Itshightimewewenttobed.n让步状语从句让步状语从句中中 be or nBeitfineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.=Whetherit(may)befineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.nOurcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge

15、beitscientificorartistic.42._,I would marry him all the same.(2004)A.Was he rich or poor B.Whether rich or poorC.Were he rich or poor D.Be he rich or poorn在在if only引导的引导的感叹句感叹句中。中。IfonlyIwereabird.（现在）IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.(过去）nWhats more?nwas(were)+tohavedone（不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气）。nEg.

16、Iwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.55.Linda was _ the experiment a month ago but she changed her mind at the last minute.（2007）A.to start B.to have started C.to be starting D.to have been startingn回想总结回想总结n三时间三时间n一交叉一交叉n一省略一省略n五句子五句子n一特殊一特殊n真题展示：真题展示：n49.Allofuswouldhaveen

17、joyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.（2000）A.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldntben50._forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.（2002）A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnotn51.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idontknow.Butitsabouttime_onsomethi

18、ng.”（2002）A.IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdecidingn44._ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?（2004）A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprisedn51.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.（2005）A.wouldb

19、eB.willhavebeenC.wasD.weren60.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe_us.Ithinkitshightimewe_strongactionsagainsthim.（2005）A.betrayedtakeB.hadbetrayedtookC.hasbetrayedtookD.hasbetrayedtaken52.IfonlyI_playtheguitaraswellasyou!（2006）AwouldBcouldCshouldDmightn54Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainforests.(2006)AstoppedBh

20、adtostopCshallstopDstopn59Itisimperativethatthegovernment_moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(2006)AattractsBshallattractCattractDhaston54.Ifonlythepatient_adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibodieshemightstillbealivenow.(2007)A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceivingn65.Itisa

21、bsolutelyessentialthatWilliam_hisstudyinspiteoflearningdifficulties.(2007)A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continuesn52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_muchbetterresultsnow.(2008)A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldgetn52.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasiertolearn.

22、(2009)A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeenn60.Itisnecessarythathe_theassignmentwithoutdelay.(2010)A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandinn61.Itsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now.(2011)A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleaven54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?(2013)A.Lucyinsi

23、stedthathersongethomebefore5oclock.B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.n63.Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013)A.weretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrainedn51.Itisess

24、entialthathe_allthefactsfirst.(2014)A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examinen58.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)（对比2005)A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.weren时态时态n基本时态：基本时态：n一般现在、n一般过去、n一般将来、n现在进行、n过去进行、n将来进行、n现在完成、n过去完成、n将来完成、n现在完成进行、n过去完成进行时、n过去将来、n基本时

25、态：基本时态：n一般现在、n一般过去、n一般将来、n现在进行、n过去进行、n将来进行、n现在完成、n过去完成、n将来完成、n现在完成进行、n过去完成进行时、n过去将来、I was doing the shopping this moment yesterday.I will be flying over the Atlantic this moment tomorrow.The train had gone before I arrived.The construction of bridge had been completed by the year 2007.The constructi

26、on of bridge will have been completed by the year 2010.I have been learning English for 10 years.n真题展示：真题展示：n43.Forsometimenow,worldleaders_outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.（2002）A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointedn42.Jack_fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworry

27、abouthissafety.(2003)A.hasbeenmissingB.hasbeenmissedC.hadbeenmissingD.wasmissed54.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.（1999）AwascalledBiscalledChadbeencalledDhasbeencalled52.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(1998)A.willplay

28、B.haveplayedC.playedD.play说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。n63.InhisplaysShakespeare_hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguage.（2008）A.wouldmakeB.hadmadeC.madeD.makesn62.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattendameeting.(1999)A.willleaveB.lea

29、vesC.willhaveleftD.leftn55Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe_impossibletocomprehend.(2006)AhasfoundBwasfindingChadfoundDwouldfindn46.AIDSissaid_thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.(2002)A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeennProfessorJohnsonissaid_somesignif

30、icantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.(1999)A.havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemade D.tomaken60.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe_us.Ithinkitshightimewe_strongactionsagainsthim.(2005)A.betrayedtakeB.hadbetrayedtookC.hasbetrayedtookD.hasbetrayedtake附加习题附加习题1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.Peopl

31、e_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人

32、一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。等。3.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted4.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsider说明说明

33、：这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在，现在完成进行时表示完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“一直在做一直在做”。说明：说明：她她“一直在考虑返校一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，是现在完成进行时，“还还没作决定没作决定”是现在的结果。是现在的结果。5.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lostB.c

34、ried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost6.Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgone说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。7.-Youveleftthelighton.-Oh,soIhave._andtu

35、rnitoff.A.IllgoB.IvegoneC.IgoD.Imgoing说明说明：will和begoingto的区别8.DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?Oh,no,Iforgot.I_hernow.AwillbecallingBwillcallCcallDamtocall9.ThisisTedsphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_whentryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskilling10.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthe

36、spoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame说明说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。说明说明：betoblame是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。n主谓一致主谓一致n大总结大总结：nagreatmany+可数名词复数谓语用复数nmanya+可数名词单数谓语用单数nanumberof+可数名词复数谓语用复数nthenumberof+可数名词复数谓语用单数nthemajorityof+可数名词复数谓语用复数neach/every+可数名词单数谓语用单数nn

37、either/eitherof+可数名词复数谓语用单数nmorethanone+可数名词单数谓语用单数noneandahalf+可数名词复数谓语用单数n临近原则临近原则nEither or nNeither.NornNot only but also nNot butnThere ben非临近原则非临近原则n as well asn with n together withn along with n rather than n besides 改错！改错！1.Thepresidentofthecompany,togetherwiththeworkerswhocomefromAmerica,a

38、replanningaconferenceforthepurposeofsolvingthefinancialproblems.2.Thereareapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.3.Eithertheprincipalorhisassistantsistoattendthemeeting.4.Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikethispainting.n集体名词集体名词ncattle、folk、people、youth、police（通常用作复数）Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.Thepeo

39、plewhomyoumetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.narmy,audience、class、club、committee、company、crowd、family、party、staff、team（根据意思决定单数、复数）ThecommitteemeeteveryMonday.Heisonthecommitteethatcontrolspublicspending.Hisfamilyisntverylarge.(对比Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.)n表示时间、重量时间、重量、长度、距离、价值、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上

40、属于整体的一个单元的名词虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。Tenyearsisonlyamomentinhistory.Twocopiesisenough.Threehoursisnotalongtimetowait.n书名、电影名或格言书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语,如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词，谓语动词用单数。“Gone with the Wind”is an interesting novel.“The Scent of a Woman”is an awarded film.No Pains,No Gains is a widely quoted p

41、roverb.n学科名词做主语,表示学科名称的名词如physics,mathematics,economics,politics,electronics,statistics做主语，虽然形式上以复数结尾,但应为单数,谓语动词多用单数。Inmyopinion,physicsisadifficultsubject.Politicsisaninterestingtopicformanymen.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致并列结构作主语时的主谓一致Eggandmilkisagoodbreakfast.(这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)Fishandchips(炸鱼土豆片)isapopularsu

42、pperhere.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every或者manya等限定词时，随后动词常用单数Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.Everyboyandgirlintheclassisgivenacopyofthephoto.主语后跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导的结构或词组，取决于主语本身形式。nWhats more?nHei

43、soneofthestudentsinourclasswho(have/has)passedtheCET-4.nHeisthe only oneofthestudentsinourclasswho(have/has)passedtheCET-6.n真题展示真题展示：n62Thestatistics_thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.(2006)AprovesBisprovingCareprovingDproveStatisticsisnotasdifficultassomepeoplethink.n

44、52.All the Presidents Men_oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.(2007)A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremainingn50.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because_goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.(2003)A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouaren51.M

45、rWells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,_forEuropethisafternoon.(2004)A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leaven非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词考点总结非谓语动词考点总结n不定式不定式n动名词动名词n分词分词n不定式：不定式：n在在 Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：句型：nItseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,t

46、oomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加for sb.to donItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave后加of sb.to don动名词：动名词：n1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词必须接动名词做宾语的动词nacknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,admit,confess,consider,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,practice,postpone,recall,ri

47、sk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如：nIappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroad.n2.动名词做介词短语动名词做介词短语 (to是介词，不是不定式符号)nobject to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be(get)used to,get down to,take to,in additi

48、on to,with regard to,on the way to。nIamlookingforwardtovisitingyourhometown.n分词：分词：n如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈主动主动关系，用现关系，用现在分词在分词doing.n如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈如果非谓语动词跟句子中的逻辑主语呈被动被动关系，用过关系，用过去分词去分词done.nsee1._fromthemountain,weshouted“howareyoudoing”.2._fromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautifu

49、l.nWin/defeat1._inthewar,thestatebegantobreakdown.2._thewar,thecountrybegantoestablishitsownfinancialandpoliticalsystems.n现在分词作状语特性现在分词作状语特性-时间性。时间性。n与谓语动词与谓语动词同时发生同时发生，用一般时，用一般时doing，n发生发生在谓语动作之前在谓语动作之前时则用完成式时则用完成式having done。nWatchingVSHavingwatched1._themovie“Titanic”,hecouldnthelpcrying.2._themo

50、vie“Titanic”for5times,herefusedtogothecinemawithme.nLivingVSHavinglived1._inChinafortenyears,hetookaChinesegirlashiswife.2._inasmallcountrysideinChina,hespentallhistimeingardening.n分词的独立主格结构分词的独立主格结构n分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为分词独立主格结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分。如：nAllflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseo