考研英语一真题及解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！202X 年研究生入学统一考试真题英语一 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families dont sit down to eat together as frequently as before,mil

2、lions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nations great traditions;the Sunday roast._1_ a cold winters day,few culinary pleasures can 2 it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined our health.That this_3_should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure _4

3、_ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has _5_ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.This means that people should _7_ crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast their brea

4、d.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?_9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is _11_ to be carcinogenic but have no hard scientific proof._12_ the precaut

5、ionary principle,it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice._14_,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire

6、 pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?_17_,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods _18_,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their _19_ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just _20_ with no one listening.1.A In B Towards C

7、On D Till 2.A match B express C satisfy D influence 3.A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4.A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5.A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6.A under B at C for D by 7.A forget B regret C finish D avoid 8.A partially B regularly C easily D initi

8、ally 9.A Unless B Since C If D While 10.A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11.A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12.A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13.A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14.A As usual B In particular C By definition D

9、 After all 15.A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern 16.A made B served C saved D used 17.A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18.A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully 19.A promise B experience C campaign D competition 20.A follow up B pick up C open up D end

10、 up 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.40 points Text 1 A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bring

11、ing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town of culture award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 202X and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,wher

12、e it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annu

13、al event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 202X.A cynic might spe

14、culate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such tit

15、les are not a cure-all.A badly run year of culture washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-p

16、rofile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,th

17、e private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be no

18、t just about the arts but about honoring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _.A.consolidate the town city ties in Britain B

19、.promote cooperation among Brains towns C.increase the economic strength of Brains towns D.focus Brains limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some as _.A.a sensible compromise B.a self-deceiving attempt C.an eye-catching bonus D.an inacces

20、sible target 23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _ A.endeavor to maintain its image B.meets the aspiration of its people C.brings its local arts to prominence D.commits to its long-term growth 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！24.“Glasgow is mentioned in

21、Paragraph 3 to present _ A.a contrasting case B.a supporting example C.a background story D.a related topic 25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A.Skeptical B.Objective C.Favorable D.Critical Text 2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals

22、in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers se

23、cured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential

24、 crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than 900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 202X to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise un

25、stoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 202X,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 202X.The su

26、ccess of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by fundi

27、ng bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general

28、 release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around 500 to$5,000.A report last year point

29、ed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profit

30、s are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because_ A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.B its marketing strategy has been successful.C its payment for peer review is

31、reduced.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_ A thrived mainly on university libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing industry.D financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about

32、the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B Puzzled.C Concerned D Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_ Aallow publishers some room to make money.B render publishing much easier for scientists.C reduce the cost of publi

33、cation substantially.D free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?A Trial subscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.C Costs are well controlled.D The few feed on the many.Text 3 Progressives often support diversity m

34、andates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Sp

35、eaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have propos

36、ed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private co

37、mpanies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an important policy interest,Because th

38、e California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of equal protection.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mi

39、rror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 202X and 202X the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 perce

40、nt.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the nu

41、mber of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt phenomenon,where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equit

42、y,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills_ A help little to reduce gender bias.B pose a threat to the state government.C raise womens

43、 position in politics.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！D greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?A It has irritated private business owners.B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,C It may go against the Constitution.D It will settle the

44、 prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_ A the harm from arbitrary board decision.B the importance of constitutional guarantees.C the pressure on women in global corporations.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norways adoption of a nationwide co

45、rporate gender quota has led to_ A the underestimation of elite womens role.B the objection to female participation on boards.C the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D the growing tension between labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A Womens need

46、in employment should be considered.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4 Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely

47、 new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces.Many F

48、rench politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of Pre

49、sident Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,w

50、hich in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new intern