Unit 4Discovering Useful Structures 不定式to do作定语和状语学案-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册.docx

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1、Unit 4 Grammar-不定式作定语和状语-Miya探究发现This is the key to open the front door. There was nothing to be done.To illustrate my point, I have done a comparative analysis. Many farmers water their crops to make them grow more quickly. We dont have enough paper to write on.To prevent it coming nearer, the gove

2、rnment is planting trees. Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time?我的发现（1）不定式在句中作定语的句子为_.（2）不定式在句中作状语为_.（3）由句可知，不定式的被动式为_.一、动词不定式的时态和语态 语态时态主动被动一般式to do进行式完成式1.不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时（几乎同时）发生或在谓语动词之后发生。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。Id like to be told whats going on.我希望被告知正在发生什么

3、。2.不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生且正在进行。I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打电话来时，我恰巧正在看电视。3.不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。They seem to have cleaned the house.他们似乎已经打扫过这座房子了。The factory is reported to have been burnt down.据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。4.不定式的被动语态：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者She felt puzzled to be asked

4、 such a question.被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。二、 动词不定式的语法功能（一）不定式作定语1.不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。I have many letters to write.我有许多信要写。The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。2.在序数词、形容词最高级、顺序词（the last，the next等）、the only、等修饰的名词/代词后用不定式作后置定语。(动词不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系)She was the first woman to win the gold

5、 medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。Lily wasthe onlyone to stay for the whole speech.Lily是唯一一个整场讲座留下来的人。Theyoungestperson to enter this university was just fourteen.进入到这所大学年纪最小的人只有十四岁。3.不定代词（something，anything等）习惯上用不定式作定语。例如：Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be im

6、proved.虽然我们取得了很大的进步，但仍有许多地方需要改进。Have you gotanythingto cure my bad cold.你有治疗我重感冒的东西吗？4.在某些由动词、形容词派生的名词,由于他们的词根配不定式（如decide to do; be able to do; plan to do)，因而这些名词后也常接不定式作定语，常见的有decision、ability、plan、promise、plan、offer、warming、attempt，willingness，tendency等等。Does he have theabilityto do the job?他有做这份

7、工作的能力吗？I dont trust hispromiseto come for a visit.我不相信他来这参观的承诺。She said she had no plans to go there.她说她没有去那里的打算。5.用于说明某些名词的内容，这类词有：chance，opportunity，reason，courage，way等。例如：We have a goodreasonto believe that he is lying.我们有很好的理由相信他在说谎。You must have thecourageto say “No”.你必须要有说“不”的勇气。注意：作定语的不定式如果是不

8、及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。I am looking for a room to livein.我正在找一间房子住。Can I borrow a pen to writewith?我可以借一只可以写字的笔吗？【即时演练】He was the first one_(think) of the idea.The manager is the last _(come) to the meeting. We need someone_。我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。I am looking for a room _.我正在找一个房间住。（二

9、）不定式作状语不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以在句子中作状语，通常可用来表示目的、结果、原因等。1.不定式作目的状语They came here to seek a new life.他们来这里寻求一种新生活。 He started early in ordernot to be late.为了不迟到，他早早就动身了。不定式前可加in order或者so as构成以下两个句式做目的状语，功能同“to do”（1）in order to+动词原形（可置于句首或句尾），意为“为了”。例如：（2）so as to+动词原形（只能至于句末，不能置于句首）意

10、为“为了”。例如：John went to California in order to make a fortune.=变否定：转化成由so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句：2.不定式作结果状语（通常出现在句尾,常用于固定搭配中：only to do;to.to do；so.as to do;such.as to do;.enough to do; ）（1）表示出人意料或者不太好的结果时,用only to do. I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.我匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。

11、（2） too to 结构常表示太而不能He is too weak to do the work.他身体太弱，不能做这项工作。注意：但 too 之前如果有only 时，则不定式表肯定。因为only too表示非常;很之意。Ill be only too pleased to help them out with any questions.我非常乐意为他们答疑解惑。too后如果是 happy, glad, pleased, satisfied, ready之类的形容词时，不定式也表示肯定意义。She was too happy to meet her friend in the street

12、.在街上遇到她的好朋友她很高兴。（3）so +adj./adv.+as (not) to do或such +n.+as (not) to do句型，表示“如此以至于”。例如：The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这个房子又高又狭窄，像一座塔。Im such a fool as to think that she is a warm-hearted woman.我真傻，竟以为她是个热心肠的女人。（4）adj./adv. +enough to do，意为“足以去做”。例如：The rooms are all large eno

13、ugh to take a third bed.这些房间都很大，足够放下第三张床。3.不定式作原因状语（一般不置于句首）：不定式的动作先于谓语动词，但很少用完成式。大部分表达情感等的原因。有以下3种句型：（1）主语+be+表情绪或感情的形容词+不定式，用于这一结构的形容词主要有：afraid，angry，anxious，glad，happy，sorry，amazed，delighted，disappointed，excited，shocked，surprised。例如：I am glad to see you.见到你很高兴。We were very excited to hear the ne

14、ws.我们听到这个消息很兴奋。（2）主语+表示情感的不及物动词+不定式。例如：I couldnt but laugh to hear such a funny story.听到这样一个有趣的故事，我忍不住笑了。He smiled to think of a clever plan.想到一个聪明的计划，他笑了。（3）主语+be+说明人的品质或行为的形容词+不定式。例如：The boy was rude to speak to the teacher like that.那个男孩对老师那样说话很无礼。The boy was clever to solve the problem so quickl

15、y.这个男孩这么快就解决了这个问题，真聪明。配套练习I.单句语法填空1. The kind woman is easy to get along _ and we all like her.2. Im sorry_(keep) you waiting here for so long a time.3. When summer comes, they will invite their students_(pick) the fresh vegetables.4. He would ask who we were and pretend_(know)us. 5. He will be aske

16、d_(help) you tomorrow.6. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused_(stop)until we reached the next stop.7. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only_(tell) that it was being decorated.8. _(make)it easier to get in ouch with us, youd better keep this

17、 card at hand.9. David jumped high enough _(get) the first prize at the beginning of the sports.10. Tom kept silent about the accident so as _(lose) his job.11. He is too eager _(see) you at once. .完成句子1.He told me that he_.他告诉我他没有写字用的钢笔。2._, one must first be a good person.要做一名好老师，首先要做一位好人。3. She does morning exercise every day _.为了保持身体健康，她每天都做早操。4.Steve hurried through the test, and was the first_.史蒂夫很快完成了测验，并且第一个交上了答卷。5.She is proud _the competition.她因参加了比赛而自豪。6.Sometimes, I was_, so my education suffered.有时候我身体太虚弱而不能上学，因此我的功课变差了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司