高考英语一轮复习主谓一致讲义.docx

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1、主语+谓语单数主语+谓语复数由具体情况判断谓语单复数一单个词做主语名词（1）可数名词单词及不可数名词作主语时 Eg：The book is on the desk.The coffee is too hot. (2) 以s结尾的单数名词：news works physics maths gymnastics等及书名，戏剧名，报纸及国家的名称等做主语，谓语用单数。 Eg：The news is not true.（1）可数名词复数做主语。Eg：Girls like dancing.（2）形单实复，表总称意义的名词：people police cattle crew clothes public

2、等做主语。Eg：The police have caught the thief.People are talking about the news.（3）由两部分构成的物体：shoes trousers gloves scissors 等复数名词做主语。Eg：His trousers are too long.My shoes are under the bed.（备注：当这类名词与a pair of ;a kind of ; a series of连用时，谓语动词往往用单数）eg：The pair of shoes is made in Beijing.（1）群体名词：class, tea

3、m, family, group, nation, world, government等做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调单个成员时谓语动词用复数。Eg: Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths.（2）“定冠词+形容词或分词”表“某一类人时，动词用复数”;表“某一类抽象概念时，动词用单数”。Eg: The old are taken good care of here .The beautiful gives pleasure to all . （3）单复数同形的词：means ,

4、 works(工厂), deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等，作主语时，其谓语动词按上下文决定。Eg: Not all means are used. 不是所有的方法都是有用的。Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法 都是有用。不定代词(1)anyone;anybody;anything(some- ,evey- ,no-) ;no one ( none除外)做主语时 ; (2) each.（没有every 因为它只能做定语修饰主语，不能单独做主语）, another, the other, either, neither, (

5、a)litter或much，做主语时或修饰主语时。但是every one不能与of连用。Eg：Everybody likes his poems. Every one of the books is mine.Much of what you say is true.不定代词：all , some ,more , most , any , none , neither作主语时，谓语动词用可单可复。Eg: All of the apple is rotten .(“all单数名词”表示整个的)整个苹果都腐烂了。All of the apples are rotten. （“all复数名词”表示所

6、有的） 所有的苹果都腐烂了。Eg: None of the money is here. 没有余钱了。None of the students were/was here 没有学生在那儿。Neither of the books is/are of any use to him. 两本书他都用不着。不定代词：无时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数若干个个别单位与pass , go by , waste , use, spend 等词连用时，谓语动词用复数。Eg：Five years have passed since I joined the Party.我入党已经五年了。数量词表示“时间”“距离”

7、“价格”“度量衡”的复数名词；运算数词做主语。Eg：Ten miles isnt a long distance.Twenty years is a long time.数量词:无二有修饰词的名词作主语主语谓语单数主语+谓语复数由具体情况判断谓语单复数1、“a great/good deal of ; a large amount of “+不可数名词 许多Eg:：A great deal of water is wasted .2、many a +单数名词 许多 Eg:：Many a way has been tried .3、one and a half +复数名词一个半Eg:：One a

8、nd a half hours is enough .4、more than one +单数名词 不止一个 Eg:：More than one student was late for school this morning .5、the number of / the variety of +名词 Eg: The number of students present is not known .还不知道出席学生的数目。1、quantities of 或者amounts of +复数名词 许多Eg: Large quantities of food were wasted .大量的食物被浪费掉

9、了。2、a number of / a group of / a variety of/ a couple of +名词 许多/一队 /各种 Eg: A number of books are lent out from the library every day . 每天有许多书从图书馆被借走。1、两个形容词共同修饰一个单数名词，若两个形容词前都带有冠词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，两个形容词前只有一个冠词，表示一个人或物，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The red and the white coat are mine .那件红色上衣和那件白色上衣都是我的。The black and whit

10、e cow is mine. 这头黑白花的奶牛时我的。2、(表示种类的）：由“a kind of , this kind of , many kinds of +名词 ”和“名词of this kind ”等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持一致。 Eg: This kind of apples is highly priced .这种苹果价格很高。 Machines of this new type are made in Wuhan . 这种型号的机器产于武汉。3、（表示份额的）：“the rest of / half of / majority of / all (of)

11、 / one third of /some of /plenty of / a lot of/ lots of/ most of /a large quantity of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词保持一致。Eg: Half of the students have finished their compositions.一半的学生写完作文了。Half of the fruit is bad .一半的水果坏了。A lot of students are waiting outside. 许多学生在外面等着。Lots of the money has been wasted.大量

12、的钱都被浪费了。More than 30 percent of the surface is covered by water.百分之三十多的表面都被水覆盖着。三由多个名词组成的主语主语谓语单数主语谓语复数谓语由上下文来确定单复数1、“a/an+单数名词or two”作主语Eg : A student or two has failed the exam.两个学生考试不及格。2、在eachand each ,everyand every , noand no , many a and many a 等由and 连接并列单数主语结构中Eg: Each boy and each girl has

13、got a seat .每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。No spound and no voice is heard for a long while .很长时间没有听到一点声音。Many a boy and many a girl likes it .许多男孩和许多女孩都喜欢这个。3、由and连接的两个名词：（1）由and连接的两个名词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，这时两个词虽然由and连接，但只有一个限定词，谓语用单数。Eg: The teacher and writer is her friend .这个既是教师又是作家得人是她得朋友。My friend and lawyer has

14、caught a bad cold.我的律师，亦是我的朋友,得了重感冒。（2）两个单数名词用and连接表示不可分的整体，作主语时，谓语用单数。 Eg: war and peace 战争与和平 Iron and steel 钢铁truth and honesty 真诚 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and fork 一副刀叉a peasant and writer 一个农民作家1、两个单数名词用and或both.and连接两个人或物，作主语时，谓语用复数，但要注意前后两个名词前都有冠词。 Eg; Both rice and wheat are grown in

15、 the place .2、“one or two +复数名词” 作主语时，谓语用复数。Eg: One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon . 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。3、两个或两个一时的动词不定式，ing形式作主语，表示两个或两个以上的概念或意义时，谓语动词用复数。Eg: Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure .夏天游泳，冬天滑冰时他最大的乐趣。1、主语后面带有as well as , rather than , li

16、ke , but , except, besides, with, along with, together with, including, in addition to 等连接的名词时，谓语动词依句首主语的情况而定，如果主语时单数，谓语用单数，若主语是复数，谓语也用复数。Eg: The boy with his dog is here. 小男孩在这，还有他的狗。 No one but your parents was there then.那时，除了你的父母没有别人在那里。Tom, together with Mary and Alice ,is going to with this af

17、ternoon.汤姆今天下午要和玛丽及爱丽丝去游泳。The teacher , including his students , is going to see Professor Smith . 那名老师和他的学生，将去看望史密斯教授。2、主语由肯定及否定两部分构成时，谓语与肯定的一致。Eg: Not you but I am to answer for it.I ,not you ,am to answer it.对此应该负责的是我，而不是你。3、并列主语由or, either.or, neither.nor, notonlybut also连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称，数的一致

18、。Eg: Either the teacher or the students are to blame. 或者时老师，或者是学生要受到责备。Not only the students but also their teacher doesnt know about it.不仅仅是学生，还有老师都对此一无所知。四句子做主语主语谓语单数主语谓语复数谓语由上下文来确定单复数一个主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eg: How to do it is still a problem.怎么做这件事仍是一个问题两个或两个以上主语从句做谓语时 Eg:What he says and what he doe

19、s do not agree.他所说的和他所做的不一致。1、 What 引导的主语从句，当其表复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。Eg:What the boy wanted are some books.他想的东西是一些书 2、 The one of 引导定语从句:当The one of 复数nwho (that; which)时，从句的谓语动词用复数。当one 前有（the only）等修饰词时谓语动词用单数。Eg: She is one of the engineers who are experts in German.她是一个在德国研究的工程师 She is the only one of

20、the engineers who is expert in German. 她是唯一一个在德国研究的工程师3、 there be 句型中，遵循就近一致原则。Eg: There is an apple , two oranges and some bananas on the plate. 这有一个苹果，两个橙子和一些香蕉在这盘子里 There are my sons and my wife to look afrer. 这有我的儿子们和我的妻子需要照顾。4、 倒装句中，动词的数与它后面的主语一致。Eg: On the wall are some famous painting. 墙上有许多名

21、画 There comes the bus . 车来了主谓一致主谓一致需要注意的几点：一、由连词连接的名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致问题：1 由and，both . and连接的两个词语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但是，如果and所连接的两个名词指的是同一个人或物，或者同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：Bread and butter is his favourite food.2 主语的后面有as well as，as much as， along with， with， like， rather than， together with，but，besides，including等词语所

22、接的名词或代词时，谓语动词要与主语保持一致。如：Tom as well as his parents is going to visit China. 3 以or，either . or，neither . nor，not only . but also等连接的两部分作主语时，谓语动词要与最近的那一个保持一致。如：Either you or I am wrong. /Are either you or I wrong?二、代词作主语时的主谓一致问题：1 名词性物主代词作主语时，既可用作单数，也可用作复数。这要取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Your pen is old. Mine is

23、new. / My books are expensive. Hers are cheap.2 such用作指示代词时，应根据其所指的内容来决定其单复数。如：Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man with a warm heart. (Such指Albert Einstein)Such are his words spoken at the meeting. (Such指his words)3 疑问代词who，what，which用作主语时，其谓语动词可用作单数或者复数。这要取决于它所要表达的意思是单数还是复数。如：1) Who is to go ther

24、e? Its Xiao Li.2) Who are talking over there? Mary and Betty.4 不定代词any, either, neither, none, all, some等作主语时，视其在句中的意义，谓语动词可用作单数或复数。如： Now all has changed. / All are silent at the meeting.三、分数、量词作主语时的主谓一致问题：1 “分数或百分数 + (of) + 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其中的名词。如：Two thirds of the population here are workers

25、. / Two thirds of the land is covered by water.2被a lot of，half of，plenty of，a large quantity of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。如：Half of the food has been sent to that area. / Half of the students have seen the film.3 quantity修饰名词时，谓语动词用单数还是复数形式取决于quantity是单数还是复数形式。如：Large quantities of books / cloth are on sale. / A large quantity of books (rice) is on sale.4 a year and a half作主语时，谓语动词用作单数，因为谓语动词与half接近（就近原则）；one and a half years作主语时，谓语动词用作复数，因为谓语动词与years接近。学科网（北京）股份有限公司