高中英语情态动词讲解.ppt

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1、Grammar:Modal verbsHow many modal verbs do you know?can couldmay mightshall shouldmust will wouldought tohave to dare (darent)need (neednt)used to表示推测表示推测不表示推测不表示推测modal verbs表示推测表示推测一定，肯定一定，肯定 must一定不，不可能一定不，不可能cant,couldnt可能肯定句可能肯定句 may,might,could否定句否定句 may might not疑问句疑问句 can,could 都可以都可以+do sth

2、.表示现在表示现在 be doing 表示正在发生的动作表示正在发生的动作 have done表示表示过去发生的动作过去发生的动作He must have a car now.must表示推测时，可以推测现在表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生正在发生的动作的动作/过去发生的动作。过去发生的动作。他一定有一辆车他一定有一辆车他一定在教室里做练习。他一定在教室里做练习。他一定已完成了工作他一定已完成了工作He must have finished the work.He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.一定不，不可能一定不，不可能 cant

3、 couldntHe cant be at home.He couldnt have said such a thing.他们一定不在图书馆读书。他们一定不在图书馆读书。约翰是很聪明的，他应该不会叫他儿子那约翰是很聪明的，他应该不会叫他儿子那样做。样做。They cant be reading in the libraryJohn is very clever.He cannot have told his son to do that.可能可能肯定句肯定句 may,might,could否定句否定句may might not（可能不）（可能不）疑问句疑问句 can,couldv他可能正在睡觉

4、。他可能正在睡觉。These students may/might have seen the film before.否定句否定句The boy may/might not be watching TV at home.（现在）（现在）这个男孩可能没在家看电视这个男孩可能没在家看电视He may/might be sleeping nowv疑问句疑问句 How could he have forgotten such an important thing?这么重要的事他怎么能忘这么重要的事他怎么能忘了呢？了呢？Its so late.Where can she have gone?天晚了，她

5、可能去哪儿了呢？天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？Can you have left the watch at home?你你会不会把表丢在家里呢？会不会把表丢在家里呢？一.一.Choose the best answers to complete the Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences:following sentences:1.I thought you_ like something to read.So I have brought you some books.A.ought B.might C.coul

6、d D.must 二二.2.That man must be Sarahs husband.-No,he_ be her husband.She is still single.A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.ought to 3.Peter _come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure.A.must B.may C.can D.will 4.What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box,for it is moving.It_ be a car.A.can;cant;must B.can;can;must C.

7、can;mustnt;must D.must;mustnt;can 5.Look,someone is coming.Guess_.-Jack.Hes always on time.A.who can it be B.who he may C.who he can be D.who it can be 6.I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her.She is still abroad.A.mustnt see B.cant have seen C.mustnt have seen D.couldnt see 7.David,you _play

8、 with the valuable bottle,you_ break it.A.wont;cant B.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt 不表示推测不表示推测一表示能力一表示能力can,could,be able to can表示智力，体力方面的能力只能用表示智力，体力方面的能力只能用 现在或现在或过去时。过去时。be able to通过努力克服困难作成事情通过努力克服困难作成事情,能用能用于各种时态。于各种时态。*was/were able to:设法做成某事设法做成某事 相当于相当于 managed to do sth.succeede

9、d in doing sth.。二表示允许vcan,could,may,might might,could 表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。Excuse me,could you tell me the way to the bus station?Could you help me?You can go now if you like.May I smoke in the room?三表示必须三表示必须ought to/should have to must *have to 能用于各种时态能用于各种时态,且有人称和数的变且有人称和数的变化化.ought

10、to 的否定式为的否定式为ought notto或者或者oughtnt to1.should 和和ought tov大多数情况下，含义基本相同，大多数情况下，含义基本相同，should主要主要看主观看法，看主观看法，ought to更多反映客观情况，更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律，规定，义务时使用。在谈到法律，规定，义务时使用。如：如：you should try your best to pass the entrance examanations.We ought to go and see hellen,but I think we have no time.vShould“竟然竟然”还可

11、以表示惊讶，出乎意料还可以表示惊讶，出乎意料的意思的意思 Why should he do such a thing?2.must与与have to 的用法的用法前者侧重于主观意念前者侧重于主观意念,后者则用于表示客观条后者则用于表示客观条件或义务件或义务,译为译为”只好只好”“不得不不得不”e.g.,He must work to make his living.He has to beg for a living.四表示虚拟should have done 本应该做（而没做）本应该做（而没做）should not have done本不应该做本不应该做 He shouldnt have s

12、aid such a thing .他当时不他当时不应该说那种话。应该说那种话。We should have studied last night,but we went to the concert instead这种句式也能用这种句式也能用ought toneed not have done没有必要做某事没有必要做某事I need not have got up so early.我本来我本来不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）I need not have waited for the train for an hour.我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。

13、我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。（事实上已经等了一个小时）（事实上已经等了一个小时）3.could have done它表示它表示“过去本来能够过去本来能够”实际上没能做实际上没能做。If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted.如如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）提升了（实际上没有被提升）I could have laughed to hear him talk like that.听他那样讲话，我差点笑出声来。听他那样讲话，

14、我差点笑出声来。v4.might have done虚拟式表示与过去事实虚拟式表示与过去事实相反的假没结果。相反的假没结果。If she had started a little earlier，she might have been in time for the train.如果如果她早点出发，她有可能及时赶上火车。她早点出发，她有可能及时赶上火车。(实际实际上没有早出发，便没有赶上火车上没有早出发，便没有赶上火车)It might have been better to stop then.如果那时就停止的话，也许比较好。如果那时就停止的话，也许比较好。5would have done

15、v它表示的是与过去事实相反之假设的结果，它表示的是与过去事实相反之假设的结果，意思是意思是“当时就会当时就会了了”而实际上没有而实际上没有 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties.If it hadnt rained yesterday,we would have gone climbing.假如昨天没下雨，我假如昨天没下雨，我们就去了。（实际上没有去）。们就去了。（实际上没有去）。6.dare表表“勇气勇气”，意为，意为“敢敢”。用作情态动词时，。用作情态动词时，只能用于否定句只能用于否定句,疑问句和条件句疑问句

16、和条件句。肯定句中肯定句中须用作实义动词。须用作实义动词。例如：例如：-Dare you go near the dog?-No,I dare not/darent.If you dare speak to me like that,you will be sorry.典型错误：典型错误：The girl dare go out alone at night.改为改为The girl dares to go out alone at night.2）dare更更多多的的是是当当实实义义动动词词使使用用，用用法法同同实实义义动动词词一一样样，要要考考虑虑人人称称，单单复复数数，时时态态等等。（任

17、任何何情情况况都都可可以以dare to do）Do you dare to walk in the dark?你敢黑夜走路吗？你敢黑夜走路吗？He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。五其他情五其他情态动词态动词用法用法情情态动词态动词dare,need 通常用于否定句或疑通常用于否定句或疑问问句句 Who dare do it?Dare you go out alone?dare,need 还可用作行为动词，可以用于各还可用作行为动词，可以用于各种句式，后面可跟

18、加种句式，后面可跟加to的不定式的不定式A.whodaredoit?B.Hedarestodoit.A.HeneedntdoitB.heneedstodoit上述句子中A句为含情态动词的句子，B句中dare.need均为行为动词 注意动词注意动词 dare 的某些特殊用法。的某些特殊用法。固定句型固定句型I dare say.我敢说我猜想以为我敢说我猜想以为 Dont worry,sir.I dare say,nobody will come againwillI.表表现现在在经经常常发发生的情况生的情况e.g.,The man will go to work every day.(=The

19、man goes to work every day 后者更常用后者更常用)The door wont open.II.表示表示“决心决心”“意愿意愿”“可能可能”等等e.g If you will come tonight,hell meet you,I think.This will be the book you are looking for.Will you come in?(=Will you please come in?)III.若表示若表示过过去，去，则则用用woulde.g.,He would take a walk after supper when he lived i

20、n the country.He said he would help.表示表示“过过去常常去常常”除了用除了用would，还还可以用可以用used to，不，不过过后者常常含有后者常常含有“现现在不在不”之意。之意。e.g.,When young,he would go out for a trip on Sundays.(Now maybe still does)When young,he used to go out for a trip.(But now he doesnt)此外，此外，would表示表示“过过去常常去常常”时时后面后面动词须动词须是某种行是某种行为为或或动动作，不能是

21、静作，不能是静态动词态动词。e.g.,Near the village,there _ be a stream.A.would B.used to3)表示请求或询问，用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或询问，用于第二人称疑问句，would的语气比的语气比will委婉委婉 Will you lend me your pen?Would you please pass me the ruler?shallI.表示表示询问询问或征求或征求别别人的意人的意见见看法用于一、三人称看法用于一、三人称e.g.,Shall I open the door?要我开要我开门吗门吗？Shall he stay here

22、for the night?让他留下过夜吗？II.表示表示说话说话人的允人的允诺诺，警告，命令，威，警告，命令，威胁胁等，用于二、等，用于二、三人称三人称e.g.,If you work well,you shall be well paid He says he wont come,but I say he shall.If you go there again,you shall lose what youve got.vIII表示规章，知识，预言等vEachcompetitorshallwearanumber.vTherulesshallbeobeyed.6反义疑问句反义疑问句在反意疑问

23、句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must,cant时，疑问部分的助动词应与时，疑问部分的助动词应与must,cant后面的后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。1.He must be a worker,?2.It must have rained last night,?3.You must have learned English for many years,?4.He cant be a teacher,?5.She cant have finished her homework,?didnt ithav

24、ent youisnt heis hehas sheHomework1.Finishexercises12afterclass.2.ReviewUnit13.Practice:1.Noonepassedthemathematics.-Iguesswe_theexerciseslastnight.A.couldreviewB.shouldreviewC.mightreviewD.shouldhavereviewed2.She_thehospitalsosoon,forshehasntyetrecovered.A.wouldnthaveleftB.shouldnthaveleftC.neednth

25、aveleftD.hadnt1.A computer _ think for itself;it must be told what to do.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able toA D-Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?Thank you._A.It couldnt be

26、better B.Of course you canC.If you like D.Its p to youThe World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow.A.should B.mustC.Will D.canAD-May I smoke here?-If you_,choose a seat in the smoking section.A.Should B.could C.may D.mustHow_ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.Should B.can C.must D.willDB