大学英语定语从句ppt课件.ppt

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1、TheAttributiveClause定语从句定语从句1.定义：定义：2.先行词：先行词：3.关系代词、关系副词：关系代词、关系副词：在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词关系代词关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：Who,whom,whose,which,that等等When,where,why等等关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用、引导作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:1.Those who want to go plea

2、se sign your names here.2.This is the house where he was born.3.Bill,who was here yesterday,asked me a lot of questions.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法指指代代所所作成分作成分是否可省略是否可省略ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose人；物人；物物物人人人人人、物人、物主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省关系副词的用法关系副词的用法指代指代所所作成分作成分是

3、否可省略是否可省略WhenWherewhy时间时间状语状语否否地点地点状语状语否否原因原因状语状语否否判断下列引导词在句中的用法判断下列引导词在句中的用法Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie.2.He is the model worker whom/who we should learn from.3.A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words.4.This is the film which I like best.5.The b

4、oy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.指代指代、所作成分所作成分、是否可省略是否可省略 6.The house whose roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.7.It was 11 oclock when the accident happened last night.8.This is the village where I was brought up.关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：This is t

5、he best film that I have ever seen.The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.This is the very book that Im looking for.Is there anything that I can do for you?All that you have to do is to press the button.There is no time that we can waste.T

6、he car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.Summarize:只能用只能用thatthat引导定语从句的几种情况引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。所修饰时。2）先行词被）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。3)先行词是先行词是不定代词不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等等.4）

7、先行词被）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等等修饰。修饰。5）先行词既有）先行词既有人人又有又有物物时。时。B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThis is the question about which weve had so much discussion.Practice:1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecoul

8、dturnforhelp.(1992)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom3.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.(1993上海上海)A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich BDACorrectthefollowingsentences:1.This is the best film which I have seen.2.Thats all which want to say.This is the best film that I have seen.Thats all that I want

9、to say.3.Is there anything which you want in this shop?4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.5.The room in that she lives is a large one.Is there anything that you want in this shop?He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.The room in whi

10、ch she lives is a large one.关系副词when,where,why的用法1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit the museum together?Do you still remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together?2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked.This is the factory in whichmy father once worked.3.Th

11、is is the reason whyhe was late.This is the reason for which he was late.Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上上which，在从句中作在从句中作状语状语When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+whichPractice:1.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)-Isthatthereason_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.

12、whenC.whatD.where2.Imgoingtovisittheschool_mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC关系副词关系副词when,where和关系代词和关系代词that,which的区分的区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，

13、有时使用同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。请比较以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.(从句意思不完整需从句意思不完整需要加宾语要加宾语)Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.（从句完整，从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）只需加上特定的关系副词）Thatsthedatethatshewontforgetforever.Thatsthedatewhenwewen

14、ttothecollege.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定义：定义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。Comparethefollowingsentences:A man who does not try to learn from others cant achieve much.Therere many plays(that)Id like to see

15、.This note was left by Xiao Wu,who was just here.Yesterday Mr Brown paid a visit to Hangzhou,which is famous for its West Lake.They have invited me to visit their country,which is very kind of them.Summarize:1.限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。2.非限制性定语从句不能用非

16、限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。来引导。3.非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。*关系代词和人称代词关系代词和人称代词/指示代词的选择指示代词的选择 He has three sons,none of _ is a doctor.He has three sons,but none of _ is a doctor.He has three sons,_ are doctors.He has three sons;_ are doctors.A.whom B.them C.they D.whoADBCPractice:1._isknownto

17、everybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of greatimportancetoscience.(1998)A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_hasagreateffectonmylif

18、e.(1994上海上海)A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoBABCorrect mistakes for the following sentences.1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from class two.2.My mother has a good book,which cover looks terrible.3.Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant?4.S

19、he is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.5.Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.6.Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?7.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.8.There is an old woman,that is holding a stick.whomwhosethatarelikes去掉her去掉itwho主

20、动表示被动：1.某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等1)The flower smells sweet.2)The dish tastes delicious.3)The cloth feels very soft.4)The stones have worn smooth.2.某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表示被动意义，如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike

21、,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph等1)This type of recorder sells well.2)That kind of shirt washes very well.3)Ripe apples peel easily.4)The plays wont act.5)Nylon dries quickly.6)The novel reads well.7)The door opens with difficulty.8)The wood wont burn.9)Water heats rapidly.10)This kind of

22、 shirt cleans easily.11)Her coat caught in the door/on the nail.比较：1.The box doesnt lock.这个箱子锁不上。（箱子本身的性质）2.The box was not locked.这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态）3.The theory proved to be correct.那个理论证明是正确的。（含有自身证明的特征）4.The theory was proved to be correct.那个理论被证明是正确的。（被人证明）3.want,need,require,和be worth等词的后面可以用动名

23、词的主动形式表示被动意义。1)The book is worth reading.2)The coat requires mending.3)The children needs looking after.4)The table wants cleaning.那是不堪想象的。这规则需要下点功夫才能学会。某些作表语(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。1.The box is too heavy to lift.2.She is easy to approach.3.The fish is

24、 not fit to eat.4.He is hard to please.5.The passage is difficult to read.6.The jewel is too expensive to buy.There are a lot of work to do/to be done.There are a lot of work for us to do.The Passive Voice 被动语态被动语态了解被动语态了解被动语态被动语态构成：被动语态构成：be+P.P2、形式、形式:1）一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P 1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动

25、语态英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态2)一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+P.P3)情态动词情态动词+be+P.P4)一般将来时：一般将来时：will+be+p.p5)现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has+been+P.P6)现在进行时态：现在进行时态：is/am/are+being+P.P1.Bananasare growninHainan.(海南种植香焦。）海南种植香焦。）2.Manymoretreeswill be plantedinourschoolnextyear.（我们学校明年将种更多的树我们学校明年将种更多的树。）。）3.Werethetreesplantedby

26、him.这些树是他种的吗这些树是他种的吗？4.Youngtreesmust be looked after.(必须照看好小树）必须照看好小树）5.The building is being built.(那栋楼房正在建设中。）那栋楼房正在建设中。）6.The homework has been finished yet.（家作已经做完了。）家作已经做完了。）1.He teaches English in our school.English is taught in our school by him.语态转换语态转换宾提前变主，主变介宾提前变主，主变介byby宾，被动宾，被动bebe加加do

27、ne,done,时态看主动时态看主动2.We planted many trees last years.Many trees were planted by us last year.过去时的被动语态：过去时的被动语态：was/were+P.P3.We should plant many more trees.Many more trees should be planted by us.含情态动词的被动语态：含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+PP4.She will teach Class 6.Class 6 will be taught by her.将来时的被动语态：将来时

28、的被动语态：Will/shall+be+PP5.Many countries have sent up satellites into space.Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.完成时的被动语完成时的被动语:Have/has+been+PP现在进行时的被动语态：现在进行时的被动语态：is+being+pp6.She is teaching Class 6.Class 6 is being taught by her.I was given a book by her.A book was given to m

29、e by her.7.She gave me a book.如如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell）8.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中离开，被动句中to回回来。来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch)9.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistaken

30、goodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开整体，不可把它们分隔开来。来。1Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.2.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken3.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting4.The woman fell of

31、f the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lainDDBA5.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care .B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 6.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered7._I t

32、hink the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.A.close,close B closed,closedB.C.closed;closes D.is closed,closes DDD将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework_intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk_inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong_bythechildren.4.Younee

33、dntdoitnow.It_byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard_mebyLucylastweek.6.Hemademedothatforhim.I_thatforhim.7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook_tothelibrary.can be finishedis producedwill be sungneednt be donewas sent towas made to dohas been givenA traffic accident _(happen)just

34、 now.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePeking Opera _(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:The pen _(write)very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,不用被动语态的动词不用被动语态的动

35、词：1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.2._ourcountry_(send)upanotherman-madesatellitelastyear?3.Musttheoldpeople_(speak)topolitely?4.Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe_(take)tothehospital.5.English_(speak)inmanycounties.areusedDidsendbespokenwastakenisspoken6.Threequartersoftheworld

36、sbooks_(write)inEnglish.7.Thiskindofsweater_(sell)well.8._Lesson50_(teach)nextweek?arewrittensellsWillbetaught Fillintheblanksusingrightforms:1.All the students _(ask)to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2.Are many ways _(try)to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3.What are on show in the

37、museum?Some photos _(take)by American children.4.This coat _(wash)well.9.Have you found your necklace _(偷)last week?6.Im often _(警告）not to copy others homework.7.He couldnt explain why dinosaurs _(消失).8.Ill have my bike _(修理)tomorrow.5.Must the old people _(speak)to politely?10.The PRC was _(成立)on O

38、ctober 1,1949.wereasked triedtakenwashesbespokenwarneddisappearedmendedrepairedstolenfounded 一字不改地引用或复述别人的一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置常在句尾或句首。常在句尾或句首。用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。般用宾语从句或复合宾

39、语表达法。原封不动引用别人的原话原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。原话在引号中。“Take off your boots,”he said.“I dont know where your bike is,”said the Arab.“Im sorry,”the professor said to the class,“but none of you watchedcarefully enough.”用自己的话用自己的话转述转述别人所说的内容。通常别人所说的内容。通常以以宾语从句宾语从句的形式出现。当直接引语变的形式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的为间接引语时，有关的人称、语序、时人

40、称、语序、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词数动词都要作相应的都要作相应的改变改变。时时态态的的变变化化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时或不变过去完成时或不变过去将来时过去将来时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 过去进行时过去进行时过去（完成）进行时过去（完成）进行时 过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时将来进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时过去将来进行时代词

41、代词时间时间状语状语地点地点状语状语少数少数动词动词直直 接接间间 接接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthosetherethengotakecouldmighthad to 直直 接接 间间 接接three years agothree years beforelast yearthe year beforelast weekthe week beforethis yearthat yearnext weekthe next weeknext yearthe following yeartodaythat dayyesterdaythe day

42、 beforetomorrowThe next daythe following day时时间间状状语语陈述句：陈述句：引语前用引语前用that引导引导,有时也可以不用。有时也可以不用。He said,“I opened the window this morning.”He said that he opened the window that morning.My sister said,“We have cleaned the floor.”My sister said that they had cleaned the floor.The manager said to me,“You

43、 must go there next week.”The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.The girl said,“I can do my homework myself.”The girl said that she could do her homework herself.如如直接引语是客观真理，直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said in class,“The moon moves around the earth.”The teacher

44、said in class that the moon moves around the earth.陈述句陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构：直接引语变间接引语的结构：A said thatA told B thatThe girl said that she could do her homework herself.The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：变为间接引语后，要用变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序陈述语序（主语主语先写先写）用）用if 或或whether引导。时态等作引导。时态等作相应相应

45、变化变化。He asked,“Can you hear me?”He asked if/whether I could hear him.The teacher asked,“Have you read this book,Bob?”The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.She said to me,“Will you go there with me?”She asked me if/whether I would go there with her.She asked,“Did you see the film yes

46、terday,Peter?”She asked Peter if/whether he had seen the film the day before.“Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”Joan asked Kate.Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day.一般疑问句一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：直接引语变间接引语的结构：A asked if/whetherA asked B if whetherHe asked if/whether I could h

47、ear him.The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：变为间接引语后，变为间接引语后，仍仍用用原来原来的的疑问词引疑问词引导导，用，用陈述陈述语序。时态等作相应语序。时态等作相应变化变化。When did they build this bridge?”she asked.She asked when they built that bridge.The teacher asked her,“Why did you come late?”The teacher asked her why she c

48、ame late.Robert asked Alice,“Where is my dictionary?”Robert asked Alice where his dictionary was.Mrs.Bill asked him,“Which book do you like best?”Mrs.Bill asked him which book he liked best.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构：直接引语变间接引语的结构：A asked+原句疑问词原句疑问词A asked B+原句疑问词原句疑问词She asked when they built that brid

49、ge.Mrs.Bill asked him which book he liked best.祈使句：祈使句：改为改为间接引语后，就成了以间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语不定式短语形式出现的形式出现的宾语补足语宾语补足语（动词常是（动词常是ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind等）。等）。He said to the girl,“Do it at once.”He told the girl to do it at once.Mrs.Hill said,“please sing at our party,Mary.”Mrs.Hill asked Mary to sin

50、g at their party.She said to me,“Dont smoke in the classroom.”She told me not to smoke in the classroom.He said,“Lets go fishing tomorrow.”He suggested going fishing the next day.祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构 (sbsb to do to do sthsth)：A told B(not)to doA asked B(not)to doHe told the girl to do it a