定语从句初学讲解ppt课件.ppt

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1、定语从句定语从句定语从句1.定语从句及其相关概念定语从句及其相关概念;2.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句;3.注意事项。注意事项。一、定语从句及相关概念 定语定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。介词短语等来担任。The girl who is standing there is Mary.从句从句如果是一个如果是一个句子担任定语句子担任定语，那么这个，那么这个 句子就句子就 是是定语从句定语从句。判断划线判断划线 的词作什么成分的词作什么成分 a clever boy two pens a

2、girl student1.概念：概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。The girl who is standing there is Mary.先行词先行词 2.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。3.关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词。关系词关系词关系词关系词1.This is the book.You gave me the book.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子This is the book _ you gave me.2.The pen was very nice.You lent me the pen.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子The pen _ you le

3、nt me was very nice.The teacher _ you talked to just now is my English teacher.3.The teacher is my English teacher.You talked to the teacher just now.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子判断上述合并后的句子中的定语从句、先行词。判断上述合并后的句子中的定语从句、先行词。引导词引导词先行词先行词成分成分关关系系代代词词who人人主，宾主，宾whom人人宾宾which物物主，宾主，宾that人或物人或物主，宾主，宾whose人或物人或物定定1.This is

4、 the book.You gave me the book.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子This is the book _ you gave me.2.The pen was very nice.You lent me the pen.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子The pen _ you lent me was very nice.The teacher _ you talked to just now is my English teacher.3.The teacher is my English teacher.You talked to the teacher just now.

5、合并成一个句子合并成一个句子注：引导词在定语从句中注：引导词在定语从句中作宾语，常常省略作宾语，常常省略。（that/which）（that/which）（who/whom/that）4.This is the boy.The boys coat is on the playground.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子This is the boy _ coat is on the playground.5.Do you know the girl?The girl is talking with Mr.Smith.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子Do you know the girl_is ta

6、lking with Mr.Smith?The library_ has all kinds of books is on the other side.6.The library is on the other side.The library has all kinds of books.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子 whose who/that that/which注：引导词在定语从句中注：引导词在定语从句中作主语，不可省略作主语，不可省略。判断下列句子中的定语从句、先行词和引导词。判断下列句子中的定语从句、先行词和引导词。1.This is the book that you boug

7、ht for me.先行词先行词引导词引导词2.This is the house which sells$300.先行词先行词引导词引导词3.The pen which you lent me was very nice.先行词先行词 引导词引导词4.The teacher whom you talked to just now is my English teacher.先行词先行词引导词引导词(1)首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。（即分。（即先行词先行词）(2)要把其中一个句子变成定语从句，就要把这句中相

8、同的那个部分要把其中一个句子变成定语从句，就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词（即用一个关系词（即引导词引导词）来代替）来代替;(3)代替时，先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成代替时，先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。分。指人并作主语的，就用指人并作主语的，就用who。或。或that;指人并作宾语的，就用指人并作宾语的，就用who（常代替whom)，whom，或，或that,;指人并作定语的，就用指人并作定语的，就用whose。如何用定语从句把两个句子合二为一如何用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:指物并作主语的，就用指物并作主语的，就用which或或that指物并

9、作宾语的，指物并作宾语的，就就用用which或或that指物并作定语的，就用指物并作定语的，就用whose。(4)这样找好并这样找好并替换以后替换以后，再，再把把这个这个关系代词放到关系代词放到要变成要变成定定语从句的语从句的那个句子的那个句子的前面前面(被代替的部分不能再保留，其它被代替的部分不能再保留，其它的词语一律不变的词语一律不变)，这个句子就变成了定语从句。，这个句子就变成了定语从句。(5)然后，再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面，然后，再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面，(6)最后，如果还有其它句子成分，就把它们放到定语从句最后，如果还有其它句子成分，就把它们放到定语从句的

10、后面，就行了。的后面，就行了。关系代词的关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和人称、数必须和先行词一致先行词一致。The woman that/who_(be)speaking at the meeting is my mother.Those who _(be)talking are my parents.isare 定语从句的辨认与使用定语从句的辨认与使用

11、 思考步骤：思考步骤：（1）找出）找出先行词先行词 a.确定确定关系代词关系代词的人称、数和性的人称、数和性 b.确定确定从句位置从句位置（一般在先行词之后）（一般在先行词之后）（2）确定关系代词在从句中所）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格以确定关系代词的格 （3）确定）确定从句时态从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother was talking to yesterday?1、他就是你想见的那个教师。、他就是你想见的那个教师。He is the teacher(who/that)you want to see.2、他就是我昨天见的那个人

12、、他就是我昨天见的那个人。He is the man(whom/that)I saw yesterday.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.3、请递给我书皮是绿色、请递给我书皮是绿色 的那本书。的那本书。Is this the backpack(which/that)you lost.？4、这是你丢失的双肩包吗？这是你丢失的双肩包吗？翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：5、这是我们上个月买的那幢、这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。房子。This is the house(which/that)we bought last month.思考题：This

13、is the place.I was born in the place.合并成一个句子This is the place I visited the place last year._ I was born in._ I visited last year.(which/that)which(which/that)in _ I was born.注：介词提前，指物只能用注：介词提前，指物只能用which,即即“介词介词 +which”；介词提前，指人只能用介词提前，指人只能用whom,即即“介词介词 +whom”。2.This is the city.He lives in the city

14、.合并成一个句子This is the city_ he lives in.(which/that)in _ he lives.which合并成一个句子3.This is the farm.My uncle works on the farm.合并成一个句子This is the farm_ my uncle works on.on _ my uncle works.(which/that)which4.He arrived at the bus stop.The bus stop is on the left of our school.The bus stop_ he arrived at

15、 at _ he arrived is on the left of our school.(which/that)which思考题：This is the place.I was born in the place.合并成一个句子This is the place I visited the place last year._ I was born in._ I visited last year.(which/that)where(which/that)_ I was born.关关系系副副词词where 地点词地点词状状when时间词时间词状状why reason状状2.This is

16、the city.He lives in the city.3.Ill never forget the days.We worked together on these days.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子This is the city_ he lives.Ill never forget the days _we worked together.wherewhen1.He went to the place.His parents were born in the place.合并成一个句子He went to the place _ his parents were born.whe

17、re4.I shall never forget the day.We first met on the day.I shall never forget the day_ we first met.合并成一个句子5.Here is the place.The murder took place in the place.合并成一个句子Here is the place_ the murder took place.6.He didnt give any reason.I had been fired for the reason.He didnt give any reason_ I had

18、 been fired.合并成一个句子whenwherewhy1)Hangzhou is the place _ I went last summer.2)He read the book _ his sister had told him about.3)The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.4)I remember the day _ my father died.I was only ten years old at that time.5)Please give me the reason _ you wer

19、e late this time.6)I will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.whywherewhich/thatwhenwhywhere关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾which物主、宾who人主、宾whom人宾whose 人/物定关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ le

20、g broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy _ John spoke to is my brother.which/thatwhom/that6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这

21、就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.翻译：翻译：1、这就是我妈妈送给我的生日礼物。、这就是我妈妈送给我的生日礼物。

22、2、你觉得我们昨天听的音乐会怎么样？、你觉得我们昨天听的音乐会怎么样？3、新疆是我出生长大的地方。、新疆是我出生长大的地方。4、你认识刚才和夏老师谈话的那个人吗？、你认识刚才和夏老师谈话的那个人吗？引导词引导词先行词先行词成分成分关关系系代代词词who人人主，宾主，宾whom人人宾宾which物物主，宾主，宾that人或物人或物主，宾主，宾whose(=of whom/which)人或物人或物定定关关系系副副词词where(=介词介词+which)地点词地点词状状when(=介词介词+which)时间词时间词状状why(=for which)reason状状思考题：1.This is the

23、place.I was born in the place.2.This is the city.He lives in the city.合并成一个句子合并成一个句子This is the placeThis is the city_ I was born._ I was born in.(which/that)wherewhere in _ I was born.which_ he lives._ he lives in.which/that in _ he lives.which合并成一个句子3.This is the farm.My uncle works on the farm.合并

24、成一个句子This is the farm_ my uncle works._ my uncle works on.on _ my uncle works.where which/that which4.He arrived at the bus stop.The bus stop is on the left of our school.The bus stop_ he arrived_ he arrived at at _ he arrived is on the left of our school.where which/that which5.I ll never forget th

25、e days.We worked together on these days._we worked together.when合并成一个句子Ill never forget the days_ we worked together on.on _ we worked together.which/thatwhich6.He didnt give any reason.I had been fired for the reason.合并成一个句子_ I had been fired.He didnt give any reason_ I had been fired for.for _ I h

26、ad been fired.why which/thatwhich7.The book whose cover is green is mine.The book is mine.分解成两个句子The cover of the book is green.合并成一个句子The book _ the cover is green is mine.of which8.This dictionary is very good.The price of it is$80.合并成一个句子The dictionary_ the price is$80._ price is$80.of which whos

27、e归纳总结归纳总结:where=定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词介词介词+which(in,on,at 等等)when=介词介词+which(in,on,at 等等)why=介词介词+which(for 等等)whose=介词介词+which(of 等等)(指物指物)(指人指人)+whom 注注:定语从句中定语从句中,介词介词不能不能位于引导词位于引导词 that 和和who 之前之前.1.I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.tha

28、t D.where2.I know the place _ we can have a quiet talk.A.which B.where C.wherever D.it 3.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 4.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose D.of whose5.The building _ windows are bright

29、at night is our school library.A.that B.which C.whose D.of whichDBDCC6.There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A.of that B.of which C.its D.that 7.This is a very boy_ parents were killed in the war.A.who B.that C.whose D whom8.She is one of the few girls who_ passed the examination

30、.A.was B.were C.has D.have9.The teacher _ is at that desk over there.A.you should talk to B.you are talked to C.whom you are talking D.whom you are talked to10.That is the town _ he was born.A.which B.in which C.when D.why.CDABB3.各关系代词的使用方法（1）who（whom）who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用wh

31、om（结构：介词+whom）。例如：The girl who is standing there is Mary.She is the girl who/whom I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her frirend is very famous.注：为以下情况时，who不与that通用 a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时,用who.b.当先行词有较长定语时用who I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chin

32、ese.c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d.在there be 开头的句中用who(2)whose 是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the bag whose cover is red.(3)that 只用于限定性定语从句中，介词后不能跟that，而跟which.His mother does

33、 morning exercises every day,which is good for her health.在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.有些情况下，只能用that，而不能用which.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高 级形容词时.2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.3.主句已有疑问词who或which时4.先行词既有人又有物时5.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,

34、none,the one等代词时6.先行词only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时7.有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词用which,另一个用that(4)which 在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that.在限定性定语从句中，只用which，而不用that的情况。a.关系代词前有介词时 This is the hotel in which you will stay.b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which.Let me show you the book that I borr

35、owed from the library which was newly open to us.（5）关系代词与介词 1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：The man whom/who/that/可省可省 he wants to see is in Shanghai.（6）关系代词

36、的省略 1.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。2.情况：a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时 b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾 例如：Here is the man that you have been looking for.c.关系代词在从句中做表语时 例如：Shanghai is no longer the city which it used to be.d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。例：I dont like the way(that)you talk to me.三、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词是用来引导定语从句的2.作用：（1）在定语从句

37、中替代先行词 （2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用 （3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句3.关系副词：where/when/why.4.各关系代词的用法：1.where的用法：表的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。This is the house.I was born in the house.=This is the house where I was born.先行词 关系副词 =This is the house which I was born in.=This is the house in which I was born.注：关系副词可等于”介

38、词+关系副词“2.when的用法：表的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。We will never forget the day when we joined the party.3.why的用法：表的原因，的理由。The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。四、由as引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。1.such as“像一样的”，“像之类”the sameas“和同样的 在着两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词

39、、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。例如：This is the same thing as we are in need of.Such people as you say are short now.2.such as such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。例如：This book is not such as I hope.3.the sameas/the same that “用一个”as that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用as.例如：She is the same age as you that y

40、ou are.4.,as “有些”在这里，as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。例如：He is from Beijing,as/which they know from the way he speaks.五、注意事项1.what不引导定语从句 I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）2.先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that,也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3.关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。例如：The sun,which gives us light,is very big.