高考二轮复习英语非谓语动词讲解及习题.docx

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1、高考英语：非谓语动词讲解及习题非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分考点一 动词不定式动词不定式作成分(重点考查)动词不定式是每年中考的必考点。考生必须清楚牢记并掌握不定式分别可以在句中所作的成分及功能。作主语：To learn math well is difficult for us.作表语：Her job is to do the dishes.作宾语(包括疑问词加不定式)：They

2、 decided to visit the Great Lakes.Could you tell me how to get to the train station?作宾语补足语：The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.Hard seats make customers want to eat quickly and leave.作定语：I have a lot of books to read.作状语：To catch the train, we had to get up early.动词不定式的特殊句型(1) too.to.表示“太而不能

3、”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2).enough to.表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。“疑问词加动词不定式”的用法动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。如：When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)I havent decided yet when to leave. 我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)【注意】“疑问词加不定式”作宾语时可以

4、转化为宾语从句。如：Can you tell me where to get the scarf?=Can you tell me where I can get the scarf?你能告诉我哪里能买到这条围巾吗?习惯搭配法学习非谓语动词时，要注意哪些动词后用动词不定式，哪些动词后用动名词，同时也要注意使用非谓语动词不同形式的句型，这样许多问题就会迎刃而解。考点二 动名词只能接动名词的动词常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep, give up等。如：He hasnt finished reading the novel. 他还

5、没有看完那部小说。We must practice speaking English. 我们必须练习说英语。既可接动词不定式又可跟动名词的动词在love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, need, remember, forget, try， stop等动词后，既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：1. stop doing something停止做某事stop to do something停下来去做某事2. try doing something尝试做某事try to do something尽力去做某事3. forget

6、doing something忘了做过某事forget to do something忘了要去做某事(未做)4. remember doing something记得做过某事remember to do something记得要去做某事(未做)5. need doing something需要做某事(被动含义)need to do something需要去做某事(主动含义)【注意】喜欢(enjoy),不断(keep),提建议(suggest)，想要(feel like),介意(mind),完成(finish)，忍不住(cant help)，练习(practice)，这些动词或动词短语后接动词的

7、-i n g形式。考点三 现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加ing构成;过去分词由动词原形加ed构成;现在分词表示正在进行或主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成或被动意义;现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者，过去分词表示被动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。如：developing country发展中国家(正在发展的)developed country发达国家(已经发展了的)an exciting film一部激动人心的电影(修饰物)excited audience激动的观众(修饰人)非谓语动词考题训练(附

8、解析)1.The frst tebooks for teachingEngish as a foreign language came out in the 16th centuryA.having written B.to be writtenC.being written D.written2.-You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting-Well, now i regretthatA. to doB. to be doingC.to have done D.having done3. We agreedhere but

9、so far she hasnt turned up yetA.having metB.meetingC.to meetD. to have met4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told himA. not toB. not to doC.not do itD. do not do5. Paul doesnt have to be made He always works hardA. leamB. to learnC. learnedD. leaming6.in thought, he

10、almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB.Having lostC.LostD. To lost7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating8. The Olympic Games.in 776 B.C, did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC

11、.first playedD. to be first playing9. i woud loveto the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have gone C. goingD. having gone10.European football is played in 80 countries,_it the most popular sport in the worldA. makingB. makesC.madeD. to make11.When i got

12、 back homei saw a message pinned to the door_Sorry to miss you, wil call later.A. readB.readsC. to readD. reading12.The purpose of new fechnologies is to make life easier._it more dificuitA. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make13.Robert is said_abroad, but i dont know what country he st

13、udied inA.to have studledB.to studyC.to be studyingD. to have been studying14.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next yearA.carried outB.caryingoutC.carryoutD. to carry out15.suchheavy pollution aready, it may now be too late to clean up the riverA. Having sufferedB. Suf

14、feringC. To sufferD. Suffered16.Having atrip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remainswhether they will enjoy itA. to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD. seen17.The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to changeitA. beginsB. having begun C. beginningD.begun18.it is said tha

15、t inAustraia there is more land than the govemmont knows _A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it19.Acook will be immediately fired it he is found_in the kitchenA.smokeB. smokingC.to smokeD. smoked20.She looks forward every spring tothe flower-ined garden

16、A. visitB. paying a visit C. walk inD. walking in答案解析:1.D，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。2.D。regret doingsth 表示对已经发生的事感到后悔”:regretto say/tell/inform/announce用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到遗憾、抱歉。主语通常是|/we，regret 用一般现在时。3.C。agree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选 C。4.A。根据句型 tel sb (not) to do sth，排除C和 D:当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重要。通常省

17、略 to 后的内容，只保留 to，所以只有A 对。5.B。make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。6.C。考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought. be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配:这类习惯表达还有be caught in the rain(遗雨淋)，be dressedin red(穿着红衣)，be seated(就座)等。7.c。本句是 wern sb (not) to do sth 的械动式。8.C。因 The Olympic games 与

18、 play 是被动关系，排除 A和 D;不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除 B。表示被动、完成，用过去分词。9.B。 would love /like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D。表示过去未曾发现的原塑，后接不定式完成式，故选 日。10.A。现在分词作结果状语。11.D。句中 read 意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door 意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，amessage与read是主动关系，因此用现在分词。12.B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier 形成对

19、比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。13.A。由 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。14.A。此句结构复杂,句中的 that 引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan 并在从句中作 see 的宾语，the plan 与 carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.15.A。句意为“这条河已经营受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许为时已晚了。suffer 发生在 clean up 之前，目有aready 暗示，无疑要用现在分词的完

20、成式作状语。16.B。remain 作尚需 解，要接不定式作表语，see 与it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoyit)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。17.D。“连词+分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词。被动关系用过去分词。the research 与 begin 是被动关系，用过去分词 begun。18.C。do with 与 what 连用是一个很有用的结构，可以表示“处置”、“利用等。19.B。find 后日接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。ho与 smoke 是主动关系，用-ing形式作补语，故选B。20.D。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词，若选 日，应在其后加 to才行。学科网（北京）股份有限公司