2020年湖南省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷及答案详解.docx

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1、2020年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试合格性考试本试题卷分阅读技能、知识运用、写作技能三个部分，共6页。时量90分钟, 满分100分。第一部分阅读技能（共两节，满分45分）第一节 阅读理解（共12小题；每小题3分，满分36分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As COVID-19 broke out and spread in the world, many countries are changing their social habits to reduce the risk of spreading the novel coro

2、navirus（新型冠状）齿毒）.Here are some of the ways that greeting habits are changing around the world.ChinaLoudspeakers tell people not to shake hands but to make the traditional gongshou gesture（a fist in the opposite palm） to say hello.FranceFrance is famous for its romantic greetings. They touch each oth

3、ers cheeks and make a kissing sound. But now, this habit may be coming to a stop. Newspapers in France have begun publishing advice on how to replace kissing on the cheek. French etiquette（礼仪）expert Philippe Lichtfus said that simply looking into a persons eyes can be enough as a greeting.SpainThe o

4、utbreak could also hit one of Spains most important traditions-in the week before Easter, known as Holy Week, the faithful （信徒）queue up to kiss the hands or feet of sculptures of the Virgin Mary and the saints, seeking their protection. It*s said that the ceremony could be banned.IranTraditionally,

5、people in Iran shake hands to greet one another. But today, a video has been popular in Iran, showing three friends meeting, hands in their pockets and two of them wearing masks, tapping their feet against each other as a greeting.8. D【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了 Anderson和他的科学老师Martin 一起用3D打印机打印假肢帮 助残疾人的善行。5.细节

6、理解题。根据第三段So Anderson talked to his science teacher, Dr. Holly Martin. He asked if they could build a prosthetic together.（Anderson 和他的科学老师 Holly Martin 博士谈了 谈。 他问他们是否可以一起做一个假体厂可知，Anderson想和科学老师一起做假肢。故选C项。 6.细节理解题。根据第四段“His name is Cornel Crismaru, who lost his leg, hand and part of his arm.（他的名字是Cor

7、nel Crismaru,他失去了他的腿，手和部分手臂）”可知，Crismaru身体残 缺。故选A项。7. 细节理解题。根据第六段“Soon Anderson had an idea to solve this problem. He reached out to a 3-D printing company in Woodstock, Georgia. The company agreed to help.（彳艮快，Anderson 想至 了一个解决这个问题的办法。他联系了乔治亚州伍德斯托克的一家3D打印公司。该公司同 意提供帮助）”可知，Anderson找到一家3D打印公司解决问题。故选D

8、项。8. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了 Anderson和他的科学老师Martin 一起用3D打印 机打印假肢帮助残疾人的善行，结合最后一段“Martin said she hopes children and grown-ups who hear about Andersons projects will realize that it may be hard to change the world, but they can start with small acts. Some of these can help a person in a huge way. （Martin 说

9、，她希望听至!J Anderson计划的孩子和成年人能意识到，改变世界可能很难，但他们可以从小事做起。一 些小事也可以给个人带来巨大的影响），可推知，小小善行也能带来巨大的影响（make a big difference）。故选 D 项。9. BB10. D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型隐形墨水，介绍了其工作原理以及特性。9. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“All you need for this secret-messaging ink to work is to write with” 以及后文“on a super-hi-tech piece of paper coate

10、d with special chemicals”可知，要想让这种秘 密信息墨水发挥作用，你只需要在涂有特殊化学物质的超级高科技纸张上用这种墨水来写字。 故it指的是“墨水故选B。10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“When the message has been read and needs to be hidden again, get out your hairdryer, and blow some warm air on the paper. Then the message will be erased and the paper can be reused, which keeps

11、 costs low.（当你读过留言，又需要把它藏起来的时候，拿出吹 风机，在纸上吹一些暖风。然后信息会被抹去，纸张可以重复使用，这样成本就很低了）”可 知，当你在纸上吹一些温暖的空气时，水的信息就会被抹去。故选B。11. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Using hot air from a hairdryer for 15-30 seconds, you were able to reuse the special paper as many as 30 times because the heat reorganized the chemical structure of the pap

12、er coating.（使用吹风机的热风15到30秒，你可以重复使用这种特殊的纸多达30 次，因为热量重组了纸涂层的化学结构）“可知，这种特殊的纸最多可以重复使用30次。故 选Do12. 主旨大意题。根据第二段Scientists have discovered a new kind of invisible ink. It is called water.All you need for this secret-messaging ink to work is to write with it on a super-hi-tech piece of paper coated with spe

13、cial chemicals. Shine a UV light on the coated paper and the water message becomes visible.（科学家们发现了一种新型的隐形墨水。它叫水。要想让这种秘密信息墨水发 挥作用，你只需要在涂有特殊化学物质的超级高科技纸张上写字。用紫外光照射在铜版纸上， 水的信息就会清晰可见户结合文章主要介绍了一种新型隐形墨水，介绍了其工作原理以及特 性。可知，C选项“一种新型隐形墨水”最符合文章标题。故选C。13. D15. B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五种提高注意力的方法。13. 根据文章结构可知，空格处的句子是第一种

14、提高注意力的方法。根据空格后的句子“Make sure the TV and radio are off. Turn your phone on silent. If you dont need the Internet for your studying, turn your WiFi off so you wont get distracted （确保电视和收音机已关闭。请将手机 静音。如果你不需要上网学习，请关闭WiFi,以免分心）”可知，第一种方法就是把电子产 品关掉，以免分心。所以D项“Avoid distractions by limiting electronics （通过限制电

15、子设备 来避免分心）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选D项。14. 根据文章结构可知，空格处是第三种提高注意力的方法。而根据该部分的以下句子“As you read the material, ask yourself about what youe just read to check your comprehension （理解力）. Take notes by writing down the chapter headings and then make a few bullet points for each one with key information.（在阅读材料时，问问自己刚刚读了

16、什么，以检查自己的理解力，通过写 下章节标题做笔记，然后用关键信息为每个章节做几个要点。）”可知，提高注意力的方法是 在阅读的时候要问自己问题并做笔记。所以C项“Ask yourself questions as you read and take notes.（在阅读和做笔记时问自己问题）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选C项。15. 根据文章结构可知，空格处是第五种提高注意力的方法。根据空格后的句子“Sleep is the best ingredient （要素）to help you focus. Staying up late studying on school nights is no

17、t a good idea for long-term success. Lack of sleep prevents you from focusing and reduces your ability to remember what you have learned.（睡眠是帮助你集中注意力的最好的要素。熬夜学习对于长 期的成功来说不是一个好主意。睡眠不足会妨碍你集中注意力，降低你记住所学内容的能 力。）”可知，该部分主要讲的是睡眠对注意力的重要性。所以B项“Make sure you get enough sleep every night.（确保你每晚都有充足的睡眠）”填入空格处，符

18、合题意。故选B项。16. AC19. DA20. DC21. BA【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Jim和Bob两人去爬山，Bob跌倒受伤，无法动弹，Jim选 择一直陪伴同伴并最终带他安全返回的故事。16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：早上，两个男孩决定自己去爬大教堂山，而他们的父母则在露营 地休息。A. climb 攀登；B. clean 清洁；C. describe 描述;D. protect 保护。根据下文“After three hours, they reached the top successfully.”可知,Jim 和 Bob 自己去爬大教堂山。故选 A 项。17. 考查名

19、词词义辨析。句意：早上，两个男孩决定自己去爬大教堂山，而他们的父母则在露营 地休息。A. friends朋友；B. parents父母；C.guides指南;D.workers工人。根据上文“Last Saturday, two teenagers, Jim and Bob, went to the Rocky mountains with their parents for the weekend.”可知，Jim和Bob是和父母去的落基山脉，结合“by themselves”可知，他们两人去 爬山，父母则在露营地休息。故选B项。18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们爬下山时，麻烦开始了

20、。A. noise噪音；B. trouble 麻烦;困难;C. blame 责怪；D. quarrel 争吵。根据下文“Bob fell three meters off the path.可 知，下山时遇到麻烦。故选B项。19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的右腿受了重伤，不能动弹。A. breathe呼吸；B. eat吃；C. move 移动；D. speak 谈话。根据上文“He was badly injured in his right leg”可知,Bob 右腿受了 重 伤，无法移动。故选C项。20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，男孩们没有回来，他们的父母非常担心。A. re

21、laxed 放松的；B. bored无聊的;C.pleased高兴的；D.worried担心的。根据上文“When the boys didnt return that evening”可知，孩子们没回营地，父母会非常担心。故选D项。21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们与公园工作人员取得联系，并开始寻找孩子们。A. searching for搜寻；B. looking after照顾；C.shouting at对大喊；D.cheering up使振奋。结合上文“They got in touch with park workers”和常识可知，他们的父母联系公园工作人员，开始搜寻 孩子。故选A

22、项。22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在等待救援的时候，吉姆给了鲍勃食物和水，让他躺在夹克上， 让他更舒服。A. confident自信的；B. careful仔细的；C.lovely可爱的；D.comfortable令人 舒适的。根据上文“let him lie on his jacket”可知，Jim让Bob躺在夹克上，是为了让他更舒 服。故选D项。23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：天越来越黑了，鲍勃告诉吉姆回到营地，但吉姆仍然没有离开。A. wait等候;B. refuse拒绝;Cleave离开；D.appear出现。根据副词“still”以及下文可知, 尽管Bob让Jim返回营地，但Ji

23、m没有like。故选C项。24. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：四个小时后，他们终于到达了营地。A. Generally普遍地；B. Finally 终于；C.Quickly快速地；D.Usually通常地。根据after four hours”可知，他们经过很长时 间才最终到达营地。故选B项。25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃感谢吉姆救了他的命，说这是一个人能为朋友做的最伟大的 事情。A. life生命；B. money钱；C. time时间；D. energy精力。根据上文的讲述和下文“saying that is the greatest thing a person can do fbr

24、his friend.可知，Bob 遇险,Jim 坚持守在身边,最 终救了他的命。故选A项。26. that#whichnormally29. forgives30. atypes31. isthem32. amazing【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示了蜜蜂之间是如何传递信息来觅食的。26. 考查定语从句。句意：他们有一种高度发达的语言，不同于其他动物的语言。本句是限定性 定语从句，先行词是language,空处是引导词，在句中作主语，指物，可用that或which, 故填 that 或 which o27. 考查副词。句意：他们通常会互相传递重要的信息，告诉对方去哪里找食物。空处是副词,

25、 修饰后面的动词pass,根据英文提示，故填normally。28. 考查不定式。句意：他们通常会互相传递重要的信息，告诉对方去哪里找食物。本处是疑问 词where加不定式构成的不定式短语作about的宾语，表示“去哪里做”故填to find。29. 考查介词。句意：一只搜寻蜜蜂出去寻找新的食物供应。look for是固定搭配，译为“寻找。 符合句意，故填for。30. 考查并列句。句意：她回到家，把她的信息告诉了那里的工蜂。and连接两个并列句，有两 个谓语，共用一个主语，谓语在时态和语法上应保持一致，由returns可知空处应填动词的 一般现在时和单数形式，根据英文提示，故填gives。3

26、1. 考查冠词。句意：然后她跳了一支舞，向工蜂传递更多的信息。dance作名词、译为“舞蹈” 时是可数名词，本处是其单数形式；在此处泛指“一支舞”，前面应加不定冠词a,故填a。32. 考查名词的数。句意：有两种类型的舞蹈来告诉对方关于食物：“摇摆”舞蹈和“圆圈”舞蹈。 由基数词two可知，空处是名词复数形式，根据英文提示，故填types。33. 考查时态和系动词。句意：当食物供应接近家的时候，搜寻蜜蜂会跳圆圈舞。空处是when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语，supply在表示“供应邛寸是抽象名词，作不可数名词用，故空 处应填动词单数形式，全文用的是一般现在时，故填is。34. 考查人称代词。句意

27、：然而，舞蹈没有给他们任何指示。空处是代词作宾语，要用宾格形式， 故填them。35. 考查形容词。句意：令人惊奇的是，聪明的蜜蜂仍然知道在哪里可以找到食物。空处是形容 词作表语，表示某事物让人吃惊，在修饰物的时候要用ing结尾的形容词，根据英文提示, 故填 amazingo36. 她曾经住在澳大利亚。37. 她非常了解中国和中国文化。38. Ms. Gao Qian is good at Chinese and English.39. 2008年，她创办了一所学校，帮助贫困儿童上大学。40. We are looking forward to her coming.【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

28、文章全面介绍了将为我们作演讲的高倩女士。36. 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是简单的主谓结构句型，主语She“她二时间状语once“曾 经”，谓语动词lived“生活”，地点状语in Australia”在澳大利亚”。故翻译为：她曾经住在澳 大利亚。37. 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是简单的主谓宾结构句型，主语She“她、谓语动词 knows”熟悉，了解“，并列宾语China and the Chinese culture”中国和中国文化”，表程度的状 语quite well”非常，相当”。故翻译为：她非常了解中国和中国文化。38. 考查时态和固定短语。分析句子可知，高倩女士是主语，

29、用Ms. Gao Qian表示，“擅长” 可用动词短语be good at表示，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，be动词用is, “汉语和英语” 是并列宾语，用 Chinese and English 表示。故翻译为：Ms. Gao Qian is good at Chinese and English.39. 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是主谓宾结构句型，时间状语In2008“2008年，主语 she“她，谓语动词started”创办，宾语a school”一所学校，不定式短语to help poor children to go to university“帮助贫困儿童上大学”作目的状语。

30、故翻译为：2008年，她创办了一所学 校，帮助贫困儿童上大学。40. 考查时态和动词短语。分析句子可知，我们是主语，用we表示，“期待”可用动词短语look forward to表示，描述现在正在发生的事情，用现在进行时态are looking forward to, be动 词用is,她的到来”作宾语,用her coming表示。故翻译为:We are looking forward to her coming.41. NOTICEChinese-story-writing CompetitionThere is going to be an online Chinese-story-wri

31、ting Competition organized by our school.This Chinese story writing competition whose aims are to improve students, writing skills and promote students9 understanding of China is for all senior high school students. You should pay attention to some requirements. To begin with, the story should not o

32、nly be true and well-researched, but also be amazing and original. Forthermore, it is required to write a Chinese story of about 300 words in English. Besides, each of the top 10 students will be awarded 200 yuan worth of books. If you are interested in this activity, please e-mail your story to gmh

33、s by July 21st.Looking forward to your active participation.Student UnionGuangming High School【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。要求考生根据提供的信息为学校组织的“用英语讲中国故事” 征文大赛活动写一则通知。【详解】.词汇积累竞赛：competitioncontest提升：promoteadvance注意：pay attention to一take note of新颖的：original一novel1 .句式拓展简单句变复合句原句： You should pay attention to some r

34、equirements.拓展句： There are some requirements you need to pay attention to.【点睛】高分句型 1 This Chinese story writing competition whose aims are to improve students9 writing skills and promote students9 understanding of China is for all senior high school students运用了 whose引导的定语从句）【高分句型 2 To begin with, th

35、e story should not only be true and well-researched, but also be amazing and original.（运用 了 not only.but also.连接句子）1. Many countries are changing their social habits to.A. develop the relationship between countries B. attract more visitors around the worldC. reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19 D.

36、show respect for other countries2. People in China are told to greet through.A.gongshouB.eye contactC.foot tappingD.hand kissingWhich country may stop its cheek-kissing greeting?A.FranceB.IranC.SpainD.ChinaWhat activity could be banned in Spain?A , Easter celebrations.B. The Holy Week ceremonyC. Spa

37、nish music festivalsD. The Marathon eventBAnderson Carey is 12 years old. One day, he saw a magazine article that interested him.It was about prosthetics（假肢），which can be used to replace a hand, arm or leg.The article said people are using 3-D printers to build these devices. Anderson thought this w

38、as very cool. He wanted to learn more about it. So Anderson talked to his science teacher, Dr. Holly Martin. He asked if they could build a prosthetic together. The timing（时机的把握）was perfect. Martin had just heard about a group called Enabling the Future. This group asks volunteers to help to build r

39、obotic arms and legs. The volunteers build them for people who share their stories on the website.Anderson and Martin looked through the website together. They decided to help a man from the country of Romania. His name is Cornel Crismaru, who lost his leg, hand and part of his arm.In February, Ande

40、rson and Martin got to work. Building the robotic arm was not easy. Anderson ran into some problems along the way. He had hoped to use a 3-D Printer at his school. One of the pieces for the arm was bigger than the size of the printer, though.Soon Anderson had an idea to solve this problem. He reache

41、d out to a 3-D printing company in Woodstock, Georgia. The company agreed to help. Anderson and Martin could use their big 3-D printers. After that, Anderson worked on the arm for about three months.Anderson and Martin sent the arm to Crismaru in May. In August, they received a notice. It isfrom Cri

42、smarus son. He thanked Anderson and Martin for their help.Martin said she hopes children and grown-ups who hear about Andersons projects will realize that it may be hard to change the world, but they can start with small acts. Some of these can help a person in a huge way.5 . Anderson talked to his

43、science teacher about.A. starting a website togetherB. buying a 3-D printerC. building a prosthetic togetherD. studying robots6. Anderson and Dr. Martin learned from the website that Crismaru.A. lost some body partsC. was homeless7. How did Anderson solve his problem?A. He made a new 3-D printer.C.

44、He worked together with his school.8. What can we learn from the text?A. All roads lead to Rome.C. Those who help others help themselves.B wanted to be a volunteerD. was interested in robotsB. He took Dr.Martins advice.D. He got help from a 3-D printing company.B. Failure is the mother of success.D.

45、 Small acts make a big difference.CPreviously, the most readily available invisible ink was lemon juice. To use it, write with the lemon juice on ordinary paper, iron the paper with a hot iron and the hidden message will appear. The disadvantage is that the paper has to be destroyed to hide the mess

46、age so no one else can read it.Scientists have discovered a new kind of invisible ink. It is called water. All you need for this secret-messaging ink to work is to write with it on a super-hi-tech piece of paper coated with special chemicals. Shine a UV light on the coated paper and the water messag

47、e becomes visible.When the message has been read and needs to be hidden again, get out your hairdryer, and blow some warm air on the paper. Then the message will be erased and the paper can be reused, which keeps costs low.The chemicals on the paper take in and give off light. The scientists found t

48、hat putting water on the paper broke up the structure of the chemicals it was coated with. The water writing showedup darker than the surrounding paper under UV light.Using hot air from a hairdryer for 15-30 seconds, you were able to reuse the special paper as many as 30 times because the heat reorganized the chemical structure of the paper coating.Without the heat from a hairdryer, the message stayed visible for up to three months.The invention was made by a group of scientists in China, led by Qiang Zhao of the Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecomm