国际贸易理论与实务(双语版)课件.pptx
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1、Chapter Three Quality of CommodityChapter Three Quality of CommoditySection One Name of CommoditySection One Name of CommoditySection Two Stipulating Methods of Commodity QualitySection Two Stipulating Methods of Commodity QualitySection Three Quality Clause in Sales ContractSection Three Quality Cl
2、ause in Sales ContractChapter Three Quality of CommodityChapter Three Quality of CommodityLearning ObjectivesAfter learning this chapter,you will be able to:1.Understand clearly the name of commodity;2.Master various methods of quality stipulated;3.Master quality clause of in a sales contract.3Lead-
3、in CaseQuestion:in this situation,does the buyer hold the repudiation rights?Why?One Chinese company exported a contract of grade B peanuts to a foreign country importer.When the seller was working on the delivery of the goods,he found that the grade B peanuts were out of stock.Without prior consent
4、 of the buyer,the seller delivered the grade A peanuts instead of grade B peanuts and stated on the invoice Grade A peanuts.Price is the same,while the buyer refused the consignment.4Section One Name of CommoditySection One Name of CommodityNaming ways:(1)With its main usage to name:travel shoes,ins
5、ecticide,bicycle.(2)With main raw materials to name:sweater,glass.(3)With its main components to name:American ginseng royal jelly,aloe cream.(4)With the appearance to name:red bean,tapered roller bearing.(5)The commendatory term to name:Youth treasure,robust fruit milk.(6)The character to name:wine
6、 of Home Kong Fu,Kong Yiji fennel.(7)Process for the production to name:Erguotou,refined oil.u1.Name of Commodity 5u2.Significance of the Name of Commodity(1)From the perspective of the law,stipulate in the contract that the subject matter of the specific name,relationship to both the transfer of go
7、ods with respect to the rights and obligations of a contract for the sale,is the main trading conditions.(2)From business point of view,the name or description of the rules are both the substance of the transaction,which is the foundation and precondition.(3)Good names of commodities can generalize
8、the characteristics of goods,with the purchase of consumer psychology,but also can meet the consumers purchase desire.6u3.Commodity Name Clause in a Sales Contract(1)Make a realistic stipulation based on the goods,avoiding exaggeration about the commodity.(2)In the description of commodity clause of
9、 the sales contract,the stipulation of the commodity must be precise and specific.(3)In the contract,it should be possible to use the international common name.Internationaly in order to have the statistic of commodity taxation,the common classification criteria is available.The Customs Cooperation
10、Council chaired made“harmonized commodity description and coding system”(The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System,H.S coding system).The system was formally implemented in January 1,1988.China using the system in January 1,1992.The preparation of Customs statistics,the GSP treatment ar
11、e according to H.S.Therefore,the commodity name we use should be consistent with H.S.If the seller delivers the goods do not conform with the contract name or description,the buy side has right to reject the goods,and asked to put in a claim for damages.7Section Two Stipulating Methods of Commodity
12、QualitySection Two Stipulating Methods of Commodity Qualityu1.Methods of Stipulating Quality of CommodityThe quality of goods is the integration of intrinsic and the outer forms or shapes of goods.Intrinsic attributes includes chemical,physical,mechanical properties and biological structure.The oute
13、r forms or shapes of goods includes shape,color,transparency,or style of the goods.81.1 Sale by Physical Commodity 以实物表示1.1.1 Sale by Sample 凭样品买卖The sample refers to the article which can be used to represent the quality of the whole lot.In merchandising,a sample is a small quantity of a product,of
14、ten taken out from a whole lot or specially designed and processed,which is given to encourage customers to buy the product.Sale by the sellers sample 凭卖方样品买卖 Sale by the buyers sample 凭买方样品买卖 Sale by the counter sample 凭对等样品买卖1.1.2 Sale by physical goods 看货买卖Trading under this term,the buyer inspec
15、ts the goods on the spot.For instance,various trade fairs,transaction and consignment of bulk agricultural products and heavy machinery,auction,exhibition,etc.9u2.Sales by Description2.1 Sales by Specification 凭规格买卖Sales by Specification,which reflect the quality of some main indicators,such as comp
16、osition,content,purity,performance,thickness,length.Sale by specification is more convenient,accurate,which can also be adjusted according to different applications,so this method is widely used in the international trade.2.2 Sales by Grade 凭等级买卖Sale by grade means that devide quality into grade whi
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