Rega(1993)提出了一个帮助护士组织和完成教育过程的模....ppt
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1、ASSURE模型模型Rega(1993)提出了一个帮助护士组织和完成教育过程的模型,称为提出了一个帮助护士组织和完成教育过程的模型,称为ASSURE模型。这几个大写字母代表着:模型。这几个大写字母代表着:分析学习者(分析学习者(Analyze learner)陈述目标(陈述目标(State objectives)选择指导方法与工具(选择指导方法与工具(Select instructional methods and tools)运用教学材料(运用教学材料(Use teaching materials)要求学习者进行操作(要求学习者进行操作(Require learner performance
2、)评价教和学的过程(评价教和学的过程(Evaluate/revise the teaching and learning process)分析学习者(分析学习者(Analyze learner)Assessment of the learner includes attending to the three determinants:nLearning needsnReadiness to learnnLearning styleObjectives nAfter completing this chapter,the learner will be able to:nIdentify the
3、 three components of what is known as“determinants of learning”;nDescribe the steps involved in the assessment of learning needs;nExplain methods that can be used to assess learner needs;nDescribe what is meant by learning styles;nDiscriminate between the major learning styles identified;nDiscuss wa
4、ys to assess learning styles.Learning needsnDefinition:gaps in knowledge that exist between a desired level of performance and the actual level of performance.Desired levelThe actual level Gaps(Learning needs)Important steps in assessment of learning needsnIdentify the learnernChoose the right setti
5、ng nCollect data on the learnernInclude the learner as a source of informationnInvolve members of healthcare teamnPrioritize needsnDetermine availability of educational resourcesnAssess demands of the organizationnTake time-management issues into accountMethods to assess learner needs nInformal conv
6、ersationsnStructured interviewsnFocus groupsnSelf-administered questionairesnTestsnObservationsnPatient chartsPatient and family education assessment guideSally Rankin等编写的病人与家庭教育评估指南共包括等编写的病人与家庭教育评估指南共包括7个大的方面:个大的方面:nPhysiologic datanFamily profilenResources available to the familynFamily education,
7、lifestyle,and beliefsnAdequacy of family functioningnFamily understanding of the present eventnThe identified patient,health problem,and educational needs课堂活动课堂活动角色扮演角色扮演nCOPD患者n护士n医生n家属Example:Learning needs assessment of patients with COPDEducational topics and categories:nSurvival skills:nWhen to
8、 take medications nCorrect technique for using medicationsnHow to know if lung condition symptoms get worsenWhat to do if lung condition symptoms get worsenSigns emergency help is needednWhen to contact the health care providernHow to manage shortness of breathnHow to avoid becoming short of breathn
9、Anatomy and physiologynDisease managementnLifestyle issuesnPsychosocial issuesReadiness to learnn学习准备性指的是生理上、心理上是否做好了学习的准备,也就是教育的时机。n学习者原有知识水平n原有心理发展的适合性nReadiness to learn can be defined as the time when the learner demonstrates an interest in learning the type or degree of information necessary to
10、 maintain optimal health or to become more skillful in a job.nPEEK评估 n身体的准备性(Physical readiness)n情感的准备性(Emotional readiness)n经验的准备性(Experiential readiness)n知识的准备性(Knowledge readiness)Physical readinessnMeasures of abilitynComplexity of tasknEnvironmental effectsnHealth statusnGenderEmotional readine
11、ssnAnxiety level nSupport systemnMotivationnRisk-taking behaviornFrame of mind nDevelopmental stageExperiential readinessnLevel of aspirationnPast coping mechanismnCultural backgroundnLocus of controlnorientationKnowledge readinessnCognitive abilitynLearning disabilitiesnLearning stylesLearning styl
12、es定义定义:学习风格是学习者持续一贯的带有个性特征的学习方式学习方式和学习倾向学习倾向。n学习方式是学习者为完成学习任务而采用的策略、方法或步骤n学习倾向是指学习者对学习活动的情绪、态度、动机、坚持性以及学习环境、学习内容的不同偏爱The six learning style principlesn教师偏好的教学风格和学习者偏好的学习风格都可以鉴别出来;n教师需要注意防止过分使用他们自己偏爱的学习方式教学;n当教师帮助学习者找到他们偏爱的学习风格并采用他们自己喜欢的风格学习时,教师才对他们最有帮助的;n学习者应该有机会用他们偏爱的方式学习;n应该鼓励学生让学习风格偏好多样化;n教师可以开发特
13、定的学习活动以强化每一种学习方式。学习风格的类型学习风格的类型 分类方法很多,这里主要讨论:n场独立性与场依存性n沉思性认知与冲动性认知n所罗门四组八种nKolb学习过程周期(Learning Cycle)场独立性与场依存性n有场依存性的人更多地注意人的面部特征,注意社会环境,具较好的社会定向,在形成自己的态度和自己的观点时更多地受社会影响;易受外部动机支配,易受到他人的暗示,偏爱结构严密的学习方式 n有场独立性的人,则倾向于更主动,更自尊;学习较为自觉,偏爱结构较为松散的学习方式 场:field威特金(H.A.Witkin)沉思性认知与冲动性认知 n沉思性学生仔细考虑所观察到的现象及所面临的
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