人体解剖学myology 1.ppt

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1、Myology余 明 华MorphologyMuscle belly肌腹肌腹Tendon肌腱肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜腱膜ClassificationLong muscle 长肌长肌Short muscle 短肌短肌Broad muscle阔肌阔肌Orbicular mucle 轮轮匝肌匝肌Origin 起点起点 insertion 止点止点 position 位置位置 action 作用作用Nomenclature of mucles肌的肌的命名命名:shap,size,location,and their points of attachmentAccessory structur

2、esFascia Superficial fasciaDeep fascia Synovial bursaTendinous sheath Fibrous layer Synovial layer:mesotendon,vincula tendinumSection 1 The muscles of headThe facial muscles -the epicranius -the orbicularis oculi -the muscles around the mouthThe masticatory muscles -the masseter -the temporalis -the

3、 medial pterygoid -the lateral pterygoid Section 2 The muscles of neck By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups:superficial,anterior and deep.the superficial group 1.the platysma2.SternocleidomastoidACTIONProtracts head when acting together;The head is inclined laterally

4、 and the face is rotated to the opposite sideINSERTION mastoid process ORIGIN manubrium and clavicle.the anterior group 1.the suprahyoid musclesdigastricmylohyoidstylohyoidGeniohyoid 2.the infrahyoid musclessternohyoidomohyoidsternothyroidthyrohyoid.the deep group 1.lateral groupscalenus anterior sc

5、alenus mediusscalenus posteriorScalene fissure:above the first rib,between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius.brachial plexus and subclavian artery2.medial group The Muscles of TrunkThe Muscles of BackThe Muscles of ThoraxThe DiaphragmThe Muscles of AbdomenSection 3The Muscles of BackTrapeziu

6、s -raises,descends,retracts ScapulaLatissimus dorsi -extends,adducts and medially rotates humerusLevator scapulaeRhomboideusErector spinaeSpleniusThe Muscles of ThoraxPectoralis major -adducts and medially rotates arm Pectoralis minorSerratus anterior -holds the scapula against chest wallEXTERNAL IN

7、TERCOSTALSINTERNAL INTERCOSTALSDIAPHRAGMACTIONInspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure INSERTIONCentral tendon ORIGINVertebral:crura from bodies of L1,2(left),L1-3(right).Costal:medial and lateral arcuate ligs,inner aspect of lower six ribs.Sternal:two slips from posterior aspect

8、of xiphoid.Aortic aperture-12th thoracic vertebra -the abdominal aorta the thoracic duct.Esophagheal aperture-10th thoracic vertebra -the esophagus the vagal trunks.Vena cava foramen-8th thoracic vertebra -the inferior vena cavaThe Muscles of Abdomen Anterolateral groupExternal abdominal obliqueInte

9、rnal abdominal obliqueTransversus abdominisRetus abdominisPosteriorgroupPsoas majorQuadratus lumborumEXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUEACTIONSupports abdominal wall,assists forced expiration,aids raising intraabdominal pressureINSERTIONiliac crest,inguinal lig,public tubercle and crestORIGIN Anterior angles

10、 of lower eight ribs Aponeurotic tendons-inguinal ligament;lacunar ligament;pectineal ligament -superficial inguinal ringINTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUEACTIONSupports abdominal wall,assists forced respiration,aids raising intra-abdominal pressureINSERTIONCostal margin,aponeurosis of rectus sheath,conjoin

11、t tendonORIGIN Lumbar fascia,iliac crest and inguinal ligamentinguinal falx(conjoint tendon)TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINISACTIONSupports abdominal wall,aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure.INSERTIONAponeurosis of rectus sheath and conjoint tendonORIGIN Costal margin,lumbar fascia,iliac

12、 crest,inguinal ligamentRECTUS ABDOMINISACTIONFlexes trunk,aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressureINSERTION 5,6,7 costal cartilages,medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoidORIGIN Pubic crest and pubic symphysisAnterior layeraponeurosis of the external and intern

13、al abdominal oblique Sheath of rectus abdominisPosterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis白线白线弓状线弓状线腹外斜肌腱膜腹外斜肌腱膜白线白线 腹内斜肌腱膜腹内斜肌腱膜腹横肌腱膜腹横肌腱膜腹横肌腱膜腹横肌腱膜Inguinal canallying above the medial half of the inguinal ligament;commences at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ringInguinal triangle -inferior epigastric artery;-lateral border of the rectus abdominis;-medial half of the inguinal ligamentThank you!