教育专题：初中定语从句公开课课件.ppt

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1、初中定语从句讲解 横车中学横车中学 袁学文袁学文一.认识什么是定语1.定语：通常放在名词或代词之前，对名词或代词起到限定范围的作用。（定语可由由形容词、代词、数词、名词等充当）形容词、代词、数词、名词等充当）an apple a red apple 概念概念:在复合句中，在复合句中，一个完整的句子用来修饰用来修饰前面的名词或代词前面的名词或代词，这个句子叫定语从句这个句子叫定语从句.(Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰gi

2、rl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句定语从句的结构定语从句的结构 先行词先行词+关系词关系词 +从句从句Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系词关系词先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：1.代替先行词代替先行词;2.它还在它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分定语从句中担任一定的成分（主语或宾语）（主语或宾语）;3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和（把主句和从句连起来）从句连起来）that 指人，指物指人，指物Which 指

3、物指物 作主语（不能省略）作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可以省略）或宾语（可以省略）Who 指人指人Whom 指人（做宾语）指人（做宾语）Whose 指人，指物（指人，指物（+名词）作定语名词）作定语 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时当先行词是物时,用用 that、which、whose 引导引导.These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.三三.认识关系代词在定语从句中认识关系代词在定语从句中的成分的成分who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语

4、或宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is

5、a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语whose 作定语作定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is

6、 a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿孤儿).A.who B.whose C.whos D.which关系副词的用法关系副词的用法指代指代所所作成分作成分是否可省是否可省略略WhenWherewhy时间时间状语状语否否地点地点状语状语否否原因原因状语状语否否Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上上which，在从句中作在从句中作状语状语When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+w

7、hich;Why=for/+which关系副词关系副词when,where和关系代词和关系代词that,which的区的区分分 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。请比较以下句子：This is the park that we visited last year.(从句意思不完整

8、从句意思不完整需要加宾语需要加宾语)This is the park where we held a birthday party.（从句从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）Thats the date that she wont forget for ever.Thats the date when we went to the college.I like the time that we had together.I like the time when we lived together.认识关系副词在什么情况下使用1.Beijing is the plac

9、e where I was born.2.That is the date when I went to college.宾语谓语 指出出生的地方,做地点状语主语谓语主语指出上大学的时间,做时间状语四.知识运用游戏1.The boy _ _ _ is Chenming.2.The boy _ _ _ is Dongjincao.3.The girl _ _ _ is Gulin.4.The girl _ _ _ _ is Zhujuan.5.The book_ _ _ is .6.The book_ _ _ is _.7.The girl _ hair _ _ is Yelou.8.The g

10、irl _ hair _ _ is Tongxiaomei.9.The basketball player _ _ _ _ in china is Yaoming.(在中国我们都喜欢的在中国我们都喜欢的篮球选手是姚明。）篮球选手是姚明。）10.The basketball player _ _ _ _ in the world is Michael Jordan.（在世界上人们都喜欢的在世界上人们都喜欢的篮球选手是迈克尔乔丹。）篮球选手是迈克尔乔丹。）11.QIchun is the place _ _ _ _ _.(蕲春是我出生的地方）蕲春是我出生的地方）昨天上课正在睡觉的学生是周浩。The

11、 student _ _ _ in class yesterday is _.昨天上课正在听讲的学生是童小梅。The student _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in class yesterday is _.在赛场上飞速奔跑的女孩是顾林。The girl _ _ _ _ in the race is Gulin.赛场上正在跳远的运动员是熊文胜。The player_ _ _ _ in the race is Xiongwensheng.已经就读理工中专的同学是翁凯能和田金平。Our classmates _ _ _ in Qichun Polytechnic School are Wengk

12、aineng and Tianjinping.小结：小结：that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略.who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。五.课本话题链接1.听听下面的音乐，谈谈你喜欢的音乐类型。I like musi

13、c that I can dance to.I like music that has great lyrics.I like music that I can sing along with.I like music that is quiet and soft.1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was weari

14、ng the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.which/that Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/thatExercise 2:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate p

15、eople _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that六六.只能用只能用 that，常见的情况有五种：，常见的情况有五种：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,2.anything,everything,nothing,everybody,3.nobody,everyone,no one 或被它们修饰时。或被它们修饰时。4.Thats all that I kno

16、w.5.Is there anything that I can do for you?6.He answered few questions that the teacher asked.7.2.当先行词被当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词形容词最高级或序数词修饰时修饰时8.That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修等修饰时。饰时。Th

17、ats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4.当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句的开头时，定语从句的关系词用关系词用 that.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括先行词同时包括人或物人或物时，关系词用时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by th

18、e gate.5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosethat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they c

19、ouldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _

20、is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat1)This is the hero of whom we are proud.2)The room in which I live is very big.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 三、关系代词与介词三、关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代

21、词介词放在关系代词的前面时的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,用用whom代人。代人。人+介词+whom物+介词+which2.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.whichwhomwhich1.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.七.中考考点链接 1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.how C.what D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 30

22、0 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.whichB.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.it

23、s D.whichACBDB6.This book is for the students _mother language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.whatCCAAB