教育专题：定语从句 (4).ppt

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1、Open your mouth and let me have a look.There are two cakes.This is a stone table.Put the child into the sleeping bag.The photo here was taken 50 years ago.Do you know the girl in blue?The books on the shelf were just bought.Lets try another way to do this.定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。按照定语的位置可以分为前置定语

2、和后置定语两种。前置定语：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词的ing形式等。后置定语：形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的ing形式、动词的-ed形式等。定语从句定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.The students(who dont study hard)will not pass 先行词 定语从句the exam.主句:The students will not pass the exam.2.The woman(whom you saw in the park)is our 先行词 定语从句English

3、teacher.主句:The woman is our English teacher.3.A shoe shop is a shop(which sells shoes).主句：A shoe shop is a shop.4.The book(that you want)is on the desk.主句:The book is on the desk.引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom，whose,as等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man(that/who told us a funny story)i

4、s in the next room.主语I lost the book(that/which you gave me).宾语You are the only one(whose advice he might listen to).定语As 作为关系代词的用法比较难以理解，初中阶段不作为考查内容，在这里不做介绍。归纳：that既指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which指物，作主语或宾语。whose作定语。who,whom指人,who作主语,也可以作宾语，但不能和介词一起用。whom作宾语。that,which,who,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)A plane is a machi

5、ne _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5)He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/who/thatwhom/that/who/th

6、at1.That book that you want it is on the desk.2.Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3.He is the person for whom you are looking.for 归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复。2定语从句要避免漏用先行词。3含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开。Join two sentences into one:The boy is my brother.He help

7、ed me.1.The boy who helped me is my brother.The film is interesting.They saw it last night.2.The film they saw last night is interesting.The students will not pass the exam.They dont work hard.3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam.以下情况只能用that1 先行词中既有人又有物。Eg.She took photos of thin

8、gs and people that she was interested in.2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有theonly,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时Eg.Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.3先行词是all,much,little,few,none,anything,something,nothing等不定代词Eg.I did nothing that might hurt you.4 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时Eg.Who is the person

9、that is standing at the gate?5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时Eg.He is not the man that he was.6.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Eg.This is the best film that I have ever seen.7.当主句以here,there 开头时Eg.Here is a hotel that youve been looking for.以下情况只能用which1.引导非限制性定语从句。Eg.Football,which is a very popular game,is playe

10、d all over the world.2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前面时Eg.I am looking for a basket in which I can put all these eggs.Fill in the gaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I

11、was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthat关系副词的用法常见的关系副词有 where,when,why 等。这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语

12、。Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。此时常可由in which,on which,at which 等介词+which等结构取代。Eg.We can grow potatoes in places where it is cold.We can grow potatoes in places in which it is cold.When的用法在定语从句中作时间状语，代指时间。此时常可由in which,on which,at which，during which等介词+which等结构取代。I will never forget the day when I graduat

13、ed from the primary school.I will never forget the day on which I graduated from the primary school.Why的用法在定语从句中作原因状语，代指原因。此时常可由for which结构取代。why 不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。Can you tell me the reason why you were late for my party?Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for my party?关系副

14、词的省略在某些表示时间名词后的关系副词可省略。如the time,every time,each time,the moment等。Eg.1.By the time(when)he got to the bus stop,the bus had already left.2.every time(when)I look at these photos,I will think of my grandfather.Fill in the blanks.1.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2.I still remember the

15、 day _ I first came to Beijing.3.The factory _ we will visit is large.4.The factory _ his father works is large.5.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6.This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwherewhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从

16、句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.Corrections:1.The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher.who2.Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him.3.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.(where which)4.This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.(which that)5.

17、The house where we live in is not very large.(where which/that)6.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake.“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I

18、will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a

19、lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2.“介词whom/which”与“whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is madeof wood.2)Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与 look分开。4.表所有关

20、系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)There are 100 teachers in our school,_60 are women teachers.2)He has three children,two _ work asteachers.3)That table has four legs,all _ arevery short.4)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house whose roof is.5)They live in a house,_ windows faces

21、outh.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whomof whomof whichof whichwhoseof which用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room _window he could climb down.2.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3.Whos the comrade _ you just shookhands.4.There are 52 students in our class,_nearly 40 are League me

22、mbers.5.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.6.Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident _ a man was killed.7.This is the way _ she studies English.through whosefrom whomwith whomof whomof whomin whichin which 8.The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was given by his friend.9.The

23、 story about Shakespeare,_ this is one example,is well written.10.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.11.The key_ she was opening the door broke.12.The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.13.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.14.At last

24、 they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.for whichof whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover which关系代词引导的定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1.Is this the school _ you visited last year?Is this school _ _ you visited last year?2.He is one of the students who _ good at maths.He

25、is the only one of the students who _ goodat maths.3.The girl _ I think was honest lied to me.The girl _ I think to be honest lied to me.4.China is no longer _ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the country _ she was 10years ago.(that/which)the oneareiswhowhomwhatthat5.The radio I bought yester

26、day is quite different from_ _ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ you bought last month.6.Do you still remember the hotel _ _ welived last summer holiday?Do you still remember the park _we visited last summer holiday?7.This is the room _ my grandmother used t

27、o lived in.This is the room _ _ my grandmother used to lived.the onewhatin which(that/which)(which/that)in which8.He has two sons,and both of _ work as actors.He has two sons,both of _ work as actors.9.China has hundreds of islands,_ _ Taiwanis the largest.China has hundreds of islands,the largest_ is Taiwan.10.This is the house _ _ the window wasbroken yesterday.This is the house _ window was broken yesterday.11.He is the teacher _ _ help we havemade great progress.themwhomof whichofwhichof whichwhosewith whose