动词不定式课件(1).ppt

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1、 动词不定式的主要用法动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，一、动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句子中不能独立充当谓语在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数没有人称和数的变化。的变化。二、动词不定式是由二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形动词原形”构构成成(有时可以不带有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形。动词不定式的否定形式是式是“not+动词不定式动词不定式”三、动词不定式在句中可作为主语、宾语、三、动词不定式在句中可作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语，还可与疑表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语，还可与疑问词连用。问词连用。主语主语:常置于句末常置于句末,而用

2、而用it代替其做形式主代替其做形式主语。语。It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.返回To see is to believe.To go in for sports helps you stay fit.Its important to learn.一、主语一、主语点击规律点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了除了直接作主语直接作主语外，外，常放在常放在:It is adj(形容词形容词)to do sth.或或 It

3、 is n(名词名词)to do sth.句型中句型中,it仅作形式主语。仅作形式主语。例例:It is easy for me to learn English well.Its brave of him to save the girl from water.(me和和him分别为句中的逻辑主语分别为句中的逻辑主语)注注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或或of引出引出,逻辑主语由逻辑主语由of引出时引出时,表语的形容表语的形容词为词为kind，nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,等表示性格品质评价的形容词。等表示性格品质评价的

4、形容词。I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.二、宾语二、宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,would likechoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan,fail,offerI found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it very difficult to get a job.think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 形式宾语形式宾语

5、like,begin,start等词或短语后面可以接不等词或短语后面可以接不定式也可以接动名词定式也可以接动名词点击规律：点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。意思区别不大。提示板：提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。指一次性的动作。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。但我现在不想游。例：例：stop to do sth.:停止一件事，去做另一件事。停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop

6、 doing sth.:停止正在做的事。停止正在做的事。例句：例句：When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.当老师走进来时当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话；学生们停止说话；when he came out,the students stopped to talk 当老师走出去时当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。学生们又开始说话。三、表三、表 语语放在连系动词放在连系动词be后面后面 例句例句:His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environm

7、ent.The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。生命。点击规律点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时动词不定式在句中作表语时,通通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。返回四、定四、定 语语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。、代词的后面。例例:He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lot of work to do The d

8、octor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。返回点击规律点击规律:如果动词不定式和前面如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词且动词是不及物动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面切记不要忘掉后面的的介词介词。如：。如：I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？五、状五、状 语语 a.目的状语目

9、的状语:放在放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面等词后面.如：如：I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at 返回b.原因状语原因状语:放在放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等等词后面。词后面。如：如：I am excited to win the match.I am glad to see you here I am s

10、orry to trouble you c.作结果状语作结果状语,常出现在常出现在tooto,enoughto 结构中如结构中如:Some of the apples are too high to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people六、六、宾语补足语宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,等词后面常接不等词后面常接不定式作宾补。定式作宾补。例例:I asked a friend to r

11、ead it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write 返回(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(一感一感feel,二听二听hear,listen to,三让三让have,let,make,四四看看see,look at,notice,watch）后接后接不带不带to的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补。如：如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next ro

12、om 提示板提示板:若变成若变成被动语态被动语态,在上述结构在上述结构中中,不定式符号不定式符号to要加上要加上。如如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不定式前可带不定式前可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,疑问词疑问词,这种不这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。主语等。例例:He didnt tell me where to go

13、.(宾语宾语)I dont know what to say now.(宾语宾语)I dont know what to do next.(宾语）宾语）He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语宾语补足语)返回1.had better+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2.Why(not)do sth.?为什么（不）做某事？为什么（不）做某事？3.Why dont you do sth.?你为什么不做某事？你为什么不做某事？4.prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事更喜欢做某事5.pre

14、fer+to do A rather than do B 相对于相对于B事情来说，更愿意做事情来说，更愿意做A事情事情固定搭配固定搭配根据句意根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。填空。1.Its time for us (have)supper 2.Would you like _(go)shopping with me？3.It took us half an hour _(work)out the problem to have 主语主语to go 宾语宾语to work 主语主语4.He is old enough _(join)the army 5.I

15、feel strange _(have)a twin sister 6.I am very glad _(meet)you here7They prefer _(stay)at home rather than go outto join 结果状语结果状语to have 原因状语原因状语to meet 原因状语原因状语to stay 宾语宾语8.We saw them_(come)into the room just now 9.What he said made me_(feel)sorry 10.I am sorryI forgot_(tell)you the news 11.His pl

16、an is _(spend)a few days in the mountains come 宾补宾补feel 宾补宾补to tell 宾语宾语to spend 表语表语12.Have you got anything _(say)?13.Have you decided which one _(choose)?14.Do you know when_(start)？15.He is too weak _(carry)the big stone to say 定语定语to choose 定语定语to start 不定式短语作宾语不定式短语作宾语to carry 结果状语结果状语1.My tea

17、cher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.(2008 广东）广东）A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.Doctor Wang often asks us_ too much meat.(2009 广东）广东）A.dont eat B.not eat C.not to eat D.doesnt eat3.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.（2010 深圳）深圳）A.turning it off B.turn i

18、t off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off4.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.（2009 江苏）江苏）A.school to study in B.school for children to study C.studying school D.school to study5.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.（2010 济南）济南）A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D

19、.to have met6.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.（2010 广州）广州）A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to7.-I feel a bit hungry now.-Why not_ for dinner with us?(2011 广州）广州）A.go B.did you go C.to go D.do you go 8.Try to sing more English songs,you will find it

20、 interesting _ a foreign language.(2011 广东）广东）A.learning B.learns C.learn D.to learn9.She needs some paper to _(2010 兰州）兰州）A.write B.write in C.write with D.write on10.Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _.（2010 兰州）兰州）A.to stop crying B.stop crying C.to stop to cry D.stop to cry11.-We can

21、 use QQ to chat with each other on on the Internet.-Really.Will you show me_ it?（2010 广东）广东）A.how to use B.what to use C.how can I use D.what can I use 思考思考:1、stop,forget,remember,go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？名词用法有何区别？2、findfeelitadjto do sth find/feel+its+adj.to do sth有有何不同？何不同？返回1.M

22、y mother often asks me_(get)early.2.The teacher told her students_(not shout)in public.3.They decided_(leave)at the end of this month.4.Please stop_(have)a rest if you feel tired.5.Theres enough bird food_(last)for a month.6.Let him_(have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.7.It was raining heavily outside.The father made the children_(stay)in the room.8.Theres no difference between the two words.I really dont know which_(choose).9.The TV set is too loud.Will you please _(turn)it down?10.She was heard_(sing)an English song in her room last night.Hi,relax yourself!