2022年EN50126 铁路应用软件-可靠性、有效性、可维护性和安全性的规范和示范.doc

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1、Page 1Draft prEN 50126WGs proposed text revisions (12 March 1997)Std. ref.:EN 50126Project Nr.:4675dav:Tech. Body:TC9XLanguage:ETitle:Railway applications - The specification and demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)Software:Word97Remarks:n/aPage 75EN 50126:19

2、99ForewordThis European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical and electronic applications in railways.The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN50126 on 1998-10-01.The following dates were fixed:latest date by which t

3、he EN has to be implementedat national level by publication of an identicalnational standard or by endorsement(dop)2000-04-01latest date by which the national standards conflictingwith the EN have to be withdrawn(dow)2000-04-01Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. Anne

4、xes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, annexes A to E are informative._Content PageIntroduction51Scope62Normative references73Definitions84Railway RAMS114.1Introduction114.2Railway RAMS and quality of service114.3Elements of railway RAMS124.4Factors influencin

5、g railway RAMS144.4.1General144.4.2Categories of factors144.4.3Management of factors184.5The means to achieve railway RAMS requirements194.5.1General194.5.2RAMS specification:194.6Risk204.6.1Risk concept:204.6.2Risk analysis:204.6.3Risk evaluation and acceptance214.7Safety integrity224.8Fail-safe co

6、ncept245Management of railway RAMS255.1General255.2System lifecycle255.3Application of this standard316RAMS lifecycle346.1Phase 1: Concept346.2Phase 2: System definition and application conditions366.3Phase 3: Risk analysis396.4Phase 4: System requirements416.5Phase 5: Apportionment of system requir

7、ements456.6Phase 6: Design and implementation476.7Phase 7: Manufacturing506.8Phase 8: Installation526.9Phase 9: System validation (including safety acceptance and commissioning)546.10Phase 10: System acceptance566.11Phase 11: Operation and maintenance576.12Phase 12: Performance monitoring586.13Phase

8、 13: Modification and retrofit596.14Phase 14: Decommissioning and disposal60Annex A (informative) Outline of RAMS specification - example61Annex B (informative) RAMS programme66Annex C (informative) Examples of parameters for railway.71Annex D (informative) Examples of some risk acceptance principle

9、s73Annex E (informative) Responsibilities within the RAMS process throughout the lifecycle76PageFiguresFigure 1: Quality of Service and Railway RAMS12Figure 2: Inter-relation of Railway RAMS elements12Figure 3: Effects of Failures Within a System13Figure 4: Influences on RAMS14Figure 5: Factors Infl

10、uencing Railway RAMS16Figure 6: Example of a Cause/Effect Diagram18Figure 7: Certified Products in Safety Systems23Figure 8: System Lifecycle26Figure 9: Project Phase Related Tasks (Sheet 1 of 2)27Figure 9: Project Phase Related Tasks (Sheet 2 of 2)28Figure 10: The V Representation30Figure 11: Verif

11、ication and Validation31Figure 12:RAMS Eng. and Managt Implemented within a System Realisation Process33TablesTable 1: RAM Failure CategoriesTable 2: Frequency of Occurrence of Hazardous EventsTable 3: Hazard Severity LevelTable 4: Frequency - Consequence MatrixTable 5: Qualitative Risk CategoriesTa

12、ble 6: Typical Example of Risk Evaluation and AcceptanceTable B.1: Example of a Basic RAMS Programme OutlineTable C.1: Examples of Reliability ParametersTable C.2: Examples of Maintainability ParametersTable C.3: Examples of Availability ParametersTable C.4: Examples of Logistic Support ParametersTa

13、ble C.5: Examples of Safety Performance ParametersIntroductionThis European Standard provides Railway Authorities and the railway support industry, throughout the European Union, with a process which will enable the implementation of a consistent approach to the management of reliability, availabili

14、ty, maintainability and safety, denoted by the acronym RAMS. Processes for the specification and demonstration of RAMS requirements are cornerstones of this standard. This European Standard aims to promote a common understanding and approach to the management of RAMS.This European Standard can be ap

15、plied systematically by a railway authority and railway support industry, throughout all phases of the lifecycle of a railway application, to develop railway specific RAMS requirements and to achieve compliance with these requirements. The systems-level approach defined by this European Standard fac

16、ilitates assessment of the RAMS interactions between elements of complex railway applications.This European Standard promotes co-operation between a railway authority and railway support industry, within a variety of procurement strategies, in the achievement of an optimal combination of RAMS and co

17、st for railway applications. Adoption of this European Standard will support the principles of the European Single Market and facilitate European railway inter-operability.The process defined by this European Standard assumes that railway authorities and railway support industry have business-level

18、policies addressing Quality, Performance and Safety. The approach defined in this standard is consistent with the application of quality management requirements contained within the ISO 9000 series of International standards.1Scope1.1This European Standard:- defines RAMS in terms of reliability, ava

19、ilability, maintainability and safety and their interaction;- defines a process, based on the system lifecycle and tasks within it, for managing RAMS;- enables conflicts between RAMS elements to be controlled and managed effectively;- defines a systematic process for specifying requirements for RAMS

20、 and demonstrating that these requirements are achieved;- addresses railway specifics;- does not define RAMS targets, quantities, requirements or solutions for specific railway applications;- does not specify requirements for ensuring system security;- does not define rules or processes pertaining t

21、o the certification of railway products against the requirements of this standard;- does not define an approval process by the safety regulatory authority.1.2.This European Standard is applicable:- to the specification and demonstration of RAMS for all railway applications and at all levels of such

22、an application, as appropriate, from complete railway routes to major systems within a railway route, and to individual and combined sub-systems and components within these major systems, including those containing software; in particular:- to new systems;- to new systems integrated into existing sy

23、stems in operation prior to the creation of this standard, although it is not generally applicable to other aspects of the existing system;- to modifications of existing systems in operation prior to the creation of this standard, although it is not generally applicable to other aspects of the exist

24、ing system.- at all relevant phases of the lifecycle of an application;- for use by Railway Authorities and the railway support industry.NOTE: Guidance on the applicability is given in the requirements of this standard.2Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated refe

25、rence, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in i

26、t by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.EN ISO 90011994Quality systems Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicingEN ISO 90021994Quality systems Model for quality assurance in product

27、ion, installation and servicingEN ISO 90031994Quality systems Model for quality assurance in final inspection and testEN 50128 (*)Railway applications - Software for railway control and protection systemsENV 501291998Railway applications - Safety related electronic systems for signallingIEC 60050(19

28、1)1990International Electrotechnical VocabularyChapter 191: Dependability and quality of serviceIEC 61508seriesFunctional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems_(*) In preparation3DefinitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.3.

29、1apportionment: A process whereby the RAMS elements for a system are sub-divided between the various items which comprise the system to provide individual targets.3.2assessment: The undertaking of an investigation in order to arrive at a judgement, based on evidence, of the suitability of a product.

30、3.3audit: A systematic and independent examination to determine whether the procedures specific to the requirements of a product comply with the planned arrangements, are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives.3.4availability: The ability of a product to be in a

31、 state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval assuming that the required external resources are provided.3.5commissioning: A collective term for the activities undertaken to prepare a system or product prior to demonstrating tha

32、t it meets its specified requirements.3.6common cause failure: A failure which is the result of an event(s) which causes a coincidence of failure states of two or more components leading to a system failing to perform its required function.3.7compliance: A demonstration that a characteristic or prop

33、erty of a product satisfies the stated requirements.3.8configuration management: A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, control change to those characteristics, record

34、 and report change processing and implementation status and verify compliance with specified requirements.3.9corrective maintenance: The maintenance carried out after fault recognition and intended to put a product into a state in which it can perform a required function.3.10dependent failure: The f

35、ailure of a set of events, the probability of which cannot be expressed as the simple product of the unconditional probabilities of the individual events.3.11down time: The time interval during which a product is in a down state. (IEC60050(191)3.12failure cause: The circumstances during design, manu

36、facture or use which have led to a failure. (IEC 60050(191)3.13failure mode: The predicted or observed results of a failure cause on a stated item in relation to the operating conditions at the time of the failure.3.14failure rate: The limit, if this exists, of the ratio of the conditional probabili

37、ty that the instant of time, T, of a failure of a product falls within a given time interval (t, t+Dt) and the length of this interval, Dt, when Dt tends towards zero, given that the item is in an up state at the start of the time interval.3.15fault mode: One of the possible states of a faulty produ

38、ct for a given required function. (IEC 60050(191)3.16fault tree analysis: An analysis to determine which fault modes of the product, sub-products or external events, or combinations thereof, may result in a stated fault mode of the product, presented in the form of a fault tree.3.17hazard: A physica

39、l situation with a potential for human injury.3.18hazard log: The document in which all safety management activities, hazards identified, decisions made and solutions adopted are recorded or referenced. Also known as a ”Safety Log”. (ENV 50129)3.19logistic support: The overall resources which are ar

40、ranged and organised in order to operate and maintain the system at the specified availability level at the required lifecycle cost.3.20maintainability: The probability that a given active maintenance action, for an item under given conditions of use can be carried out within a stated time interval

41、when the maintenance is performed under stated conditions and using stated procedures and resources. (IEC 60050(191)3.21maintenance: The combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain a product in, or restore it to, a state in which it can

42、perform a required function. (IEC 60050(191)3.22maintenance policy: A description of the inter-relationship between the maintenance echelons, the indenture levels and the levels of maintenance to be applied for the maintenance of an item. (IEC 60050(191)3.23mission: An objective description of the f

43、undamental task performed by a system.3.24mission profile: Outline of the expected range and variation in the mission with respect to parameters such as time, loading, speed, distance, stops, tunnels, etc., in the operational phases of the lifecycle.3.25preventive maintenance: The maintenance carrie

44、d out at pre-determined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning of an item. (IEC 60050(191)3.26railway authority: The body with the overall accountability to a Regulator for operating a railway system.NOTE:

45、 Railway authority accountabilities for the overall system or its parts and lifecycle activities are sometimes split between one or more bodies or entities. For example:the owner(s) of one or more parts of the system assets and their purchasing agents;the operator of the system;the maintainer(s) of

46、one or more parts of the system;etc.Such splits are based on either statutory instruments or contractual agreements. Such responsibilities should therefore be clearly stated at the earliest stages of a system lifecycle.3.27railway support industry: Generic term denoting supplier(s) of complete railw

47、ay systems, their sub-systems or component parts.3.28RAM programme: A documented set of time scheduled activities, resources and events serving to implement the organisational structure, responsibilities, procedures, activities, capabilities and resources that together ensure that an item will satisfy given RAM requirements relevant to a given contract or project. (IEC 60050(191).3.29RAMS: An acronym meaning a combination of Reliability, Availabili