美国独立战争(英文版ppt)课件.ppt

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1、American Revolutionary American Revolutionary WarWarThe development of British colonies in North AmericaResidentscomposition1.Host:Indian2.Europeanimmigrants-mostlyBritish3.CobraVerdeTheformationoftheAmericannation1.Commonlanguageandculture,Unifiedmarket2.ThedevelopmentofNorthAmericancapitalistBriti

2、shcolonialruleinNorthAmerica1.Rawmaterialsandcommoditymarkets2.RebelliousmoodIntroductionTheRevolutionarywarTheBackgroundTheCausesTheProcessTheSignificanceThe revolutionary war1775-1783AlsoknownastheAmerican RevolutionBetweentheBritishandtheNorth American coloniesThewarofliberationandbourgeoisrevolu

3、tionThe BackgroundTheSevenYearsWar(1756-1763)ThedevelopmentofeconomyinNorthAmericacoloniesTheenhancementofAmericannationalconsciousnessThe CausesThedevelopmentofeconomyinNorthAmericacoloniesBritishcolonialdominationhinderedthedevelopmentofAmericancapitalismThe Stamp Act&The Quartering Act1763 1764 1

4、765 1767 1770 1773 1774Steps to RevolutionBritish ActionsThe Proclamation of 1763The Sugar ActTownshend ActsBoston Massacre Tea Act Intolerable ActsEach step moved us closer to warColonial ResponsesColonists were angrySmugglingThe Stamp Act Congress&Sons of LibertyMore boycotts&Daughters of Liberty

5、Committee of CorrespondenceBoston Tea PartyContinental CongressWARThe ProcessThe Blasting FuseBostonTeaParty,December16,1773SamAdamsledagroupofPatriotsdisguisedasIndiansonaraidofBritishshipsdockedinBostonsharbor.Theydumpedthecargosofteaoverboard.In1774,Britainissued5intolerablelaws1772-1774,establis

6、hedcommunicationcommitteetocarryoutanti-BritishstruggleTheFirstContinentalCongressTheFirstContinentalCongressDeclarationofRightsPeacepetitionBeginningShotofLexington,1775.4.18TheAmericansweretold,“Donotfireunlessfireduponbutiftheymeantohaveawar,letitbeginhere!”Forming of armyInmid-1775InPhiladelphia

7、:TheSecondContinentalCongressPatriotrepresentativesofthe13coloniesofAmericaAppointedGeorgeWashingtonascommanderinchiefoftheContinentalArmyJefferson,FranklinwasappointedtodrafttheDeclarationofIndependenceForming of stateMay1776,thethirdContinentalCongressJuly4,1776,TheDeclarationofIndependenceAnnounc

8、ingthebirthoftheUnitedStateTheDeclarationofIndependenceDraftedbyBenFranklin,JohnAdamsandThomasJeffersonSignedonJuly 4,1776Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.我们认为

9、下述真理是不言而喻的：造物者创造了平等的个人，并赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。Turning Point -SaratogasgreatvictoryOctober17,1777LieutenantGeneralJohnBurgoynewasforcedtosurrenderwithhisentirearmyFranceandtheUnitedStatessignedamilitaryalliancetreatyinFebruary1778.FranceofficiallyrecognizedtheUnitedstates.France,Spain,Hol

10、landparticipatedinthewar.Final Victory -Yorktown campaignOctober19,1781TheBritishGeneralCornwallistogetherwithhissolderssurrendedtoGeorgeWashingtonNovember30,1782apreliminaryarmisticetreatyinParisTreatyofParisDrafted November30,1782SignedSeptember3,1783MainContents：1.BritainacknowledgedtheUnitedStat

11、estobefree,sovereign,andindependentstates2.EstablishingtheboundariesoftheUnitedStatesThe promulgation of the Constitution and the establishment of the federal governmentIn1787,theUnitedStatesissuedtheConstitutionWashingtonwaselectedtofirstPresidentTheestablishmentofthefederalgovernmentoftheUnitedSta

12、tesThe reason for victoryThejusticeofwarTheactiveparticipationofthemassesThewisecommandofWashingtonTheContinentalarmyscourageousfightingInternationalsupportfromFrance,HollandandothercountriesThe SignificanceEndedcolonialdominationoftheUK,andachievednationalindependenceEstablishedthebourgeoispolitica

13、lsystemLaidthefoundationfortherapiddevelopmentofAmericancapitalismHadapositiveimpactontheFrenchRevolutionandtheLatinAmericasindependencemovement DidnotsolvethelandproblemDidnotsolvetheproblemofslaveryMakestheeconomicdevelopmentofnorthandsouthtowardsthetwodifferentwaysthatultimatelyledtotheoutbreakof

14、theAmericanCivilWar.Casualties and lossesUnited States:United States:6,824killedinbattle25,00070,000deadfromallcausesOverallcasualtiesupto50,000France:10,000battledeaths(75%atsea)Spain:5,000killedNetherlands:500killedGreat Britain:Great Britain:4,000armytroopskilledinbattle27,000armytroopsdiedofdisease1,243navykilledinbattle,42,000deserted,18,500diedfromdiseaseAtleast51,000deadfromallcausesGermans:1,800killedinbattle4,888deserted7,774deadfromallcausesThank You!