轮机英语Lesson 30.ppt

《轮机英语Lesson 30.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《轮机英语Lesson 30.ppt（106页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Lesson30TextWatchkeeping(值班值班)At the beginning of the watch the current(当当前前的的)operational parameters(参参数数)and the condition of all machinery should be verified(检验检验,校验校验)and also the log(航航行行日日志志)readings should correspond with(be in agreement with)those observed.Theengineerofficer in charge(on dut

2、y)should note if there are any special orders or instructions relating to the operation of the main machinery or auxiliaries.Heshoulddetermine what work is inprogress and any hazards(dangers)or limitations(限限制制,局限性局限性)it presents.Thelevelsoftanks containing fuel,water,slops(污污油油),ballast(压压载载水水),etc

3、.,should be noted and alsothelevelofthevariousbilges(舱舱底底水水).Theoperatingmode(方方式式,模模式式)of equipmentand availablestandby(备备用用)equipment shouldalsobenoted.*At appropriate intervals(e.g.at 30-minute intervals)inspectionshouldbe made of the main propulsion plant,auxiliary machinery and steering gear sp

4、aces.Anyroutine(常常 规规,惯惯 例例)adjustmentsmay then bemade and malfunctions(故故障障)orbreakdownscanbenoted,reportedandcorrected.During these tours(巡巡 回回)of inspection bilge level should benoted,piping and systems shouldbeobserved for leaks(泄泄漏漏),and local indicating instruments alsobeobserved.Bridge(驾驾驶驶室室

5、)orders must be promptly carriedout and arecord of any required changes in speed and direction shouldbekept.*When under standby or maneuvering(机机动动操操作作)conditions with the machinery being manually operated thecontrol unit or console(控控制制台台)shouldbe continuously manned(有有人操纵的人操纵的).Certain watchkeepin

6、g duties arenecessaryfor the continuous operation of equipment or plant-the transferring of fuel for instance.*In addition to these regular tasks otherrepairormaintenancetasksmayberequiredofthewatchkeepingpersonnel(人员人员).*However no tasks should beundertaken(从从事事,进进行行)which will interfere(干干 扰扰，影影 响

7、响)with the supervisory(管管 理理 的的、监监 督督 的的)duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment.During the watch alogorrecordwill be taken of the various parameters of main and auxiliary(辅助的辅助的)equipment.Fuelconsumption(消消耗耗量量)figuresareusedtodeterminetheefficiencyofoperation,in addition to

8、providing a check on theavailablebunker(燃燃 料料 仓仓)quantities.*Lubricating oil(润润 滑滑 油油)tanklevels to some extent(partly)indicatesengine oil consumption.If the sump level were to rise this would indicatewater leakage into the oil and an investigation(调调查查、检检查查)into(of,on)thecausemustbemade.*The engine

9、 exhaust temperature reading should all be about the same to indicate an equal power production from each cylinder.The various temperature andpressure values for the cooling water and lubricating oil shouldbe at,or nearto,themanufacturersdesigned values for the particular speed or fuel lever(油油门门调调节

10、节杆杆)settings.Various parameters for the main engine turbo-blowers(涡涡轮轮增增压压器器)arealsologged.Since they are high speed turbines(涡涡轮轮)the correctsupplyoflubricatingoilisessential.*Theaircoolershouldbesuppliedwith adequate amount of coolingwatertoensureefficientcombustion.*Various level and temperaturer

11、eadings are taken of heavy oil tanks,both settling and service,bearings,sea water,etc.*The operating diesel generators will have their exhaust(排排 气气)temperatures,cooling water and lubricating oil temperatures and pressures logged inmuchthesamewayas for the main engine.*Ofparticularimportancewillbeth

12、elogofrunninghours since this will be the basis for overhauling(大大修，维修修，维修)the machinery.*Other auxiliary machinery andequipment,such as heat exchangers,freshwater generator(evaporator)(造造 水水 机机),boiler,air conditioning plant and refrigeration plant will also haveappropriate readingstaken.There will

13、 usually be summariesor daily account tables for heavyoil,diesel oil,lubricating oil andfreshwater,whichwillbecompiled(汇编汇编)atnoon.The completed log is used to compile asummary sheet(表表、单单)or abstract(摘摘 要要、小小 计计)ofinformation which is returned to the company head office for record purposes.Where si

14、tuations occur in the machine space(机机舱舱)which may affect the speed,maneuverability(机机动动性性能能),power supply or other essentials for the safe operation of the ship,the bridge should beinformed assoonaspossible.The engineer in charge should notify(通通知知)the*Chief Engineer in the event of any serious occ

15、urrence(事事件件)or a situationwhereheisunsureoftheactiontotake.However,whereimmediateactionisnecessarytoensuresafetyof the ship,its machinery and crew,it mustbetakenbytheengineerincharge.At the completion of the watcheachmembershouldhandover(交交与与)to his relief(接接 班班 人人 员员),ensuringthatheiscompetent(能能胜

16、胜任任的的)to take over(接接管管)andcarry out his duties effectively(有有效地效地).ReadingMaterialsA.KeepingWatchTheengineroomshouldalwaysbekeptcleanandingoodorder.Theexhaust-gasesshouldfrequentlybewatched.Theyshouldbealmostinvisible(看看不不见见的的)when the engine operatesunderfullload.*A smoky exhaust indicates that th

17、e engine is either overloaded or that the fuel valves are not in propercondition.Thecylinderexhaust-gastemperaturesshouldbenotedanditshouldbeconfirmed(证证实实)thatthe power of the engine is welldistributedamongthecylinders.The cylinder-jacket(气气 缸缸 水水 套套)outlet-water temperatures shouldbeobservedandits

18、houldbeseenthattherearenoair-locks(气塞气塞).Thewaterlevelinthefresh-waterheadertankshouldbechecked.If an air-inlet pipe of a starting valve is hotter than the others,the valve should be renewed.*Observation(观观 察察)should bemadeoftheturbo-blowerlubricating-oil temperatures andpressures,also the exhaust-g

19、astemperaturesbeforeandaftertheturbine.It should be confirmed that the amount of fuel oil in the service tank is sufficient during the watch.Open the cocks for draining accumulation of oil in the exhaust manifold(歧歧 管管)atdefiniteintervals.The cylinder lubricators(注注 油油 器器)should be examined for sati

20、sfactory operation.The piston-cooling pipes and the stuffing boxes(填填料料函函)for the piston rods should be examined for leakage(泄漏泄漏).*Allthepressuresandtemperaturesindicatedbyvariousgaugesandthermometers(温温度度计计)shouldberegularlyobserved.The amount of lubricating oil in the drain tank should be checked

21、 bysounding(发声，探测发声，探测).If lubricating oil filters of edgewise(边边对对边边的的)cleaning type(自自动动反反冲冲洗洗 式式)are fitted,*the handlesshouldbegivenafewturns.Theseawatertemperatureshouldbe noted and the temperaturesat(of)thelubricatingoilandfresh-watercoolers(shouldbe)examined.*Akeen(敏敏锐锐的的)sense(感感觉觉、判判断断力力)of

22、 hearing obtained from practice is important for theengineer,dependingonhisears,todetectabnormalhappeningsintherunning gear.Before being used,the fuel service tank should be drained of water and residual(残残剩剩余余;渣滓渣滓).*If two tanks are installed,theemptytankshouldbepumpedupdirectlyitisempty.The gauge

23、s on the fuel oil service tanks should be watched to see that the oil supply to the injection pumps(喷油泵喷油泵)is maintained.*The vent cocks(放放气气口口)on thefuelinjectionpumplinesshouldbeopenedfrequentlytoventanyairthat may have accumulated inthem.During maneuvers,the fresh-water temperature should be regu

24、lated by throttling(节节 流流,调调 节节)the sea-water supply to the fresh-water cooler.*Beside observing the pressure in the cooling water,regularreadingsshouldbetaken from the thermometers in the various lines and the control valves regulated to maintain even(相相同同的的)temperatures in all the jackets.Special

25、care should be taken tostopleaksofalldescriptions(描描述述,说说明明),immediately(when)theyoccur.Vital(重重要要的的)components(部部件件)of the engine should be frequently examined.The crankroom(曲曲 轴轴 箱箱)cover should never be allowed to open for investigation(调调查查,研研究究)when the engine is running.And it shouldnotbe open

26、ed until at least fifteen minutes after the engine stops.Lights of high voltage or naked lights(没没有有灯灯罩罩的的灯灯)should never be used.B.WatchkeepingDutiesAtSea1.Constant inspection is a precaution(预预 防防 措措 施施)which contributes to(有有助助于于)avoiding trouble and the following routines must be carried out at

27、regularintervals under normal operating conditions:2.Regularly check and record all pressures and temperatures and enter the same in the engine room log.*Adherence to(遵遵 守守、坚坚 持持)differentials in temperature andpressurelimitsisveryimportant.If a temperature or pressure is in doubt it should be check

28、ed against another instrument,a rough guess to temperature is by the feel of the hand.3.*Due(应应 有有 的的、适适 当当 的的)consideration must be given toenginespeedandtotheconditionsof the loading of the ship and tothe cleanliness of the hull(船船体体)when performance and records of the engine are being assessed(评评

29、定定).Shop test reports and instruction manuals are a reliable reference and must be treated assuch(同样地同样地).All records are important butparticularattentionmustbemadeto turbocharger(涡涡 轮轮 增增 压压 器器)revolutions,scavenge air receiver(扫扫 气气 箱箱)pressuresandtemperatures,andcylinderexhaustgastemperatures.Con

30、siderationmustbegiventothe calorific value(热热值值)of the fuelwhen assessing the daily fuelconsumption.4.Checkthatthecontrol valvesforthecoolingandlubricatingsystemsareset properly.Ifthereisinsufficientpressureinanysystemthenthesafetydevicealarmwillbeacceleratedandtheenginestopped.Allexcessivepressured

31、ropsmustbechecked.5.*Adjustmentsmustbemadetobringanyabnormallyhighorlowtemperaturestowithintheprescribed(规规定定的的,指指定定的的)rangebutthismustbeattainedgradually.Abrupt(突突 然然 的的)temperature changes can increase thermal stress(应力应力)and may cause trouble.Check the air temperature after thechargeraircooler.Th

32、is temperature should be as lowas possible,a high temperatureresultsinless oxygen being available for combustion and increased fuel consumption as well as higher exhaust gas temperatures.An ideal temperature differential betweenthe sea water inlet to the air cooler and the air outlet from the cooler

33、 is about 17.6.Care must be taken,in climates with a high humidity,that the temperature of the scavenge air is,if possible,kept above the dew point(露点露点),otherwise condensation(凝凝结结)will form in the air receiver and the drain will require to be cracked(开开缝缝的的)open to avoid rust formation.When water

34、is apparent(明明显显的的)in the air receiver then a check must be made to verify whether it is sea water or fresh water;if it is sea water then the cooler is leaking and rectification(修修正正,修修复复)is required.7.*Drain scavenge space and jacket drains,also piston rod glands(填填料料盖盖箱箱)if there is an excess leak

35、age of lubricating oil from the gland,then the scraper(刮刮 油油 环环)and sealing rings(密密封封环环)should be attended(注注意意，留留 意意)to at thefirstopportunity(尽早尽早).8.*Check,andifnecessary,adjustthe rate of feed of the cylinderlubricators.9.Check the temperature of the crankcasedoors by hand.10.Ensure that the fu

36、el in the daily service tanks has been properly cleaned and that water and sludge(油油泥泥)have been drained off.Drain sludge from fuel filters(过过滤滤器器)and purifiers(分油机分油机).11.*When burning heavy fuel ensure that there is sufficient heat available to bring the viscosity(粘粘度度)of the fuel to within the pr

37、escribed limits.12.Ensure that vents from cooling water spaces are kept open to permit air to escape.13.Check the pressure drop across fuel and lubrication oil filters.Turn all manually operated filters and check that automatic filters are operating satisfactorily,drain sludge if necessary.14.Check

38、the pressure drop across the charge air coolers for both sea and air pressure.15.Check oil levels in governor(调调速速器器)and other auxiliary(辅辅助助的的)equipment.16.Check all high pressure fuel lines for any signs of leakage.17.Check camshafts(凸凸轮轮轴轴),fuel pump bearings(轴轴 承承)and other small bearings for te

39、mperature increase using the palm(手手掌掌)of the hand.18.Examine jacket,piston and fuel injector(喷喷 油油 嘴嘴)cooling water returns for any signs of contamination(污污染染),any fouling(污污物物)must be investigated and rectified(改正改正).19.*Check air starting pipe to each cylinder,if overheating is discovered engine

40、 must be stopped,starting air valve and flame trap(阻阻焰焰装装置置)examined and replaced as necessary.20.Inspect access doors and thrust block(推推力力轴轴承承)aft(向向船船尾尾)seal for any signs of leakage.21.Check oil level in main engine lubricating oil drain tank.22.Check water level in jacket water cooling tank.23.

41、Check levels in fuel tanks,cylinder lubricating oil and turbocharger lubricating oil*header tanks.24.*Drainoffwaterfromstartingair tanks and top up pressure ifnecessary.25.Check lubricating oil samples as necessary and check operation of centrifuges(离心分离机离心分离机).26.Record revolutions of engine over total watchkeeping period.27.Take indicator diagrams(示示功功图图)to check power and pressure in cylinders.28.Open drain valve on starting air manifold to check that valves in the system are tight.29.Water wash turbochargers as necessary.30.Clean air coolers atrecommendedintervals.