科技英语翻译-词类转换.ppt

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1、词类转换n n英语属于印欧语系，汉语属于汉藏语系。英语属于印欧语系，汉语属于汉藏语系。n n同一意思在不同语言中可以用不同的词类来表达。同一意思在不同语言中可以用不同的词类来表达。n n所谓词类转换，是指把原文语言中的某一词类转译成汉语所谓词类转换，是指把原文语言中的某一词类转译成汉语的另一词类。的另一词类。转换成汉语动词转换成汉语动词n n名词转换成动词名词转换成动词名词转换成动词名词转换成动词n nGlobal warming observed over the past century has focused attention Global warming observed over

2、the past century has focused attention on manmade greenhouse gas,presumed to be the likely on manmade greenhouse gas,presumed to be the likely causecause.n n在过去的一个世纪中发现的全球变暖趋势据推测可能是由人为的在过去的一个世纪中发现的全球变暖趋势据推测可能是由人为的温室气体造成的。温室气体造成的。n nLaw enforcement agencies went on a Law enforcement agencies went on

3、a hunthunt for hackers in the aftermath for hackers in the aftermath of the AT&T system crash of 15 January 1990.of the AT&T system crash of 15 January 1990.n n执法机构继续通缉导致执法机构继续通缉导致19901990年年1 1月月1515日日美国电话电报公司系统崩美国电话电报公司系统崩溃的黑客。溃的黑客。n nAttemptsAttempts to program a computer to integrate gesture with

4、 speech to program a computer to integrate gesture with speech began back in the 1970s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began back in the 1970s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Architecture Machine Lab.Architecture Machine Lab.n n早在早在7070年代，麻省理工学院建筑机械实验室就开始尝试在计算机年代，麻省理工学院建筑机械

5、实验室就开始尝试在计算机中将语言和手势集成在一起。中将语言和手势集成在一起。n nThe The applicationapplication of electronic computers makes for a tremendous of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.rise in labor productivity.n n使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。n nDesertification is not a Desertifica

6、tion is not a casecase of irreversible desert advance.of irreversible desert advance.n n沙漠化并不意味着沙漠前进不可逆转。沙漠化并不意味着沙漠前进不可逆转。n nWith the With the clickclick of a mouse,information from the other end of the of a mouse,information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer scree

7、n at the dizzying globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.n n只要一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周只要一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。n nAs

8、 we cross the threshold into the next century,human society is As we cross the threshold into the next century,human society is beginning its beginning its movemove from the industrial economy into the from the industrial economy into the knowledge-based economy.knowledge-based economy.n n当我们步入下一世纪时

9、，人类社会也正由工业经济向知识经济当我们步入下一世纪时，人类社会也正由工业经济向知识经济转变。转变。n nCan artificial fibers be used as Can artificial fibers be used as substitutessubstitutes for natural fibers?for natural fibers?n n人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗？人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗？n nComputers can provide Computers can provide analysesanalyses of every operation in a fac

10、tory.of every operation in a factory.n n电子计算机能对工厂的每道工序进行分析。电子计算机能对工厂的每道工序进行分析。n nWe must place stress on the We must place stress on the preventionprevention of diseases.of diseases.n n我们应以预防疾病为主。我们应以预防疾病为主。n n形容词转换成动词形容词转换成动词形容词转换成动词形容词转换成动词n nOur river was Our river was dirtydirty,our seas were po

11、lluted and our natural,our seas were polluted and our natural environment was destroyed.environment was destroyed.n n我们的河水被污染了，我们的海洋被污染了，我们的自然环境我们的河水被污染了，我们的海洋被污染了，我们的自然环境被破坏了。被破坏了。n nThe amount of work is The amount of work is dependentdependent on the applied force and the on the applied force and

12、 the distance the body is moved.distance the body is moved.n n功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。n nKerosene is not so Kerosene is not so volatilevolatile as gasoline.as gasoline.n n煤油不象汽油那样容易挥发。煤油不象汽油那样容易挥发。n nWhen is the next earthquake When is the next earthquake duedue?n n下次地震将在什么时候发生？下

13、次地震将在什么时候发生？n nThey are They are suresure that theyll be able to build the factory in a short that theyll be able to build the factory in a short period of time.period of time.n n他们肯定能在短期内建成那座工厂。他们肯定能在短期内建成那座工厂。n nThe amount of work is The amount of work is equalequal to the product of the force by

14、the to the product of the force by the distance.distance.n n功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。n nCopper wire is Copper wire is flexibleflexible.n n铜线容易弯曲。铜线容易弯曲。n nWhile the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West,

15、increasing members of Westerners are equally from the West,increasing members of Westerners are equally eagereager in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China.in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China.n n现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术，而越来越现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术，而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。多的西方

16、人则热衷于接受中医疗法。n nThe test piece shall be of length The test piece shall be of length suitablesuitable for the apparatus being for the apparatus being used.used.n n试件的长度应与所使用的装置相适应。试件的长度应与所使用的装置相适应。n nHeat is a form of energy into which all other forms are Heat is a form of energy into which all other

17、forms are convertibleconvertible.n n热是能的一种形式，其他一切能的形式都能转化为热能。热是能的一种形式，其他一切能的形式都能转化为热能。n n副词转换成动词副词转换成动词副词转换成动词副词转换成动词n nThe test was not The test was not overover yet.yet.n n试验还没结束。试验还没结束。n nOpen the valve to let air Open the valve to let air inin.n n打开阀门，让空气进入。打开阀门，让空气进入。n nAn exhibition of new pro

18、ducts is An exhibition of new products is onon there.there.n n那儿正在举办新产品展览会。那儿正在举办新产品展览会。n nMotor vehicles,already the main source of city air pollution in rich Motor vehicles,already the main source of city air pollution in rich countries,will countries,will increasinglyincreasingly pollute poor cit

19、ies,too.pollute poor cities,too.n n在发达国家，机动车辆是空气污染的主要来源，在落后的城市，在发达国家，机动车辆是空气污染的主要来源，在落后的城市，这种污染也将增加。这种污染也将增加。n nThe experiment in chemistry was ten minutes The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behindbehind.n n这个化学试验延误了十分钟。这个化学试验延误了十分钟。n nThe radio is The radio is onon.n n收音机在广播。收音机在广播。n nThe

20、electric current flows through the circuit with the switch The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch onon.n n如果开关接通，电流就流过线路。如果开关接通，电流就流过线路。n nThe two bodies are so far The two bodies are so far apartapart that the attractive force between that the attractive force between them i

21、s negligible.them is negligible.n n这两个物体相距很远，它们之间的吸引力可以忽略不计。这两个物体相距很远，它们之间的吸引力可以忽略不计。n nHe took the machine He took the machine apartapart yesterday.yesterday.n n他昨天把机器拆开了。他昨天把机器拆开了。n nThe force due to the motion of molecules tends to keep them The force due to the motion of molecules tends to keep

22、them apartapart.n n由于分子运动而引起的力能使分子分离。由于分子运动而引起的力能使分子分离。n n介词转换成动词介词转换成动词介词转换成动词介词转换成动词n nThe volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure The volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure uponupon it is it is increased.increased.n n当作用在气体上的压力增大时，气体的体积就缩小。当作用在气体上的压力增大时，气体的体积就缩小。n nThe letter

23、 E is commonly used The letter E is commonly used forfor electromotive force.electromotive force.n n通常用字母通常用字母 E E 表示电动势。表示电动势。n nNo body at rest can be set in motion No body at rest can be set in motion withoutwithout a force being acted a force being acted upon it.upon it.n n没有力的作用，静止的物体不可能开始运动。没有

24、力的作用，静止的物体不可能开始运动。n nIt is clear that numerical control is the operation of machine tools It is clear that numerical control is the operation of machine tools byby numbers.numbers.n n很显然，数控是指机床采用数字来操纵。很显然，数控是指机床采用数字来操纵。n nMany laboratories are developing medicines Many laboratories are developing me

25、dicines againstagainst AIDS.AIDS.n n许多实验室正在研制治疗爱滋病的药物。许多实验室正在研制治疗爱滋病的药物。n nAtomic power Atomic power forfor ocean-going vessels is already a reality.ocean-going vessels is already a reality.n n原子能动力用于远洋船只已经成为现实。原子能动力用于远洋船只已经成为现实。n nThis is a kind of alloy This is a kind of alloy withwith high streng

26、th.high strength.n n这是一种具有高强度的合金。这是一种具有高强度的合金。n nThe shaft turns The shaft turns aboutabout its axis.its axis.n n轴围绕轴线转动。轴围绕轴线转动。n nSo long as we have means of producing heat we can keep the So long as we have means of producing heat we can keep the steam engine steam engine at at work.work.n n只要能产生

27、热，就能使蒸汽机做功。只要能产生热，就能使蒸汽机做功。n nUsually the working parts of the machines are made Usually the working parts of the machines are made fromfrom carbon carbon steels.steels.n n通常，机器的工作部件是用碳素钢制造的。通常，机器的工作部件是用碳素钢制造的。转换成汉语名词转换成汉语名词n n动词转换成名词动词转换成名词动词转换成名词动词转换成名词n nNeutrons Neutrons actact differently from

28、protons.differently from protons.n n中子的作用不同于质子。中子的作用不同于质子。n nGases Gases differdiffer from solids in that the former have greater from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the pressibility than the latter.n n气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。n nThe electronic com

29、puter is chiefly The electronic computer is chiefly characterizedcharacterized by its accurate and by its accurate and rapid computations.rapid computations.n n电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而快速。电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而快速。n nThe Center is running a series of talks on the relationship between The Center is running a series

30、of talks on the relationship between science and literature,in which poets and scientists science and literature,in which poets and scientists discussdiscuss how how scientific ideas over the past two centuries have influenced literature scientific ideas over the past two centuries have influenced l

31、iterature and social change.and social change.n n这个中心正在举办关于科学与文学关系的系列讨论会。与会的这个中心正在举办关于科学与文学关系的系列讨论会。与会的诗人和科学家们的讨论议题是：在过去两个多世纪里科学思想诗人和科学家们的讨论议题是：在过去两个多世纪里科学思想对文学和社会变革的影响。对文学和社会变革的影响。n nMercury Mercury weighsweighs about thirteen times as much as water.about thirteen times as much as water.n n水银的重量约为水

32、的十三倍。水银的重量约为水的十三倍。n nThe net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free-The net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free-fancers,and this will fancers,and this will affectaffect social structure in a big way.social structure in a big way.n n网络和电子商业将会造就一大批自由职业者，从而将对社

33、会结网络和电子商业将会造就一大批自由职业者，从而将对社会结构产生深远的影响。构产生深远的影响。n nPCs gave the world a whole new way to PCs gave the world a whole new way to workwork,playplay and and communicatecommunicate.n n个人计算机使整个世界更新了工作、娱乐和通讯方式。个人计算机使整个世界更新了工作、娱乐和通讯方式。n nHe He aimsaims to become a computer expert.to become a computer expert.

34、n n他的目标是当一名计算机专家。他的目标是当一名计算机专家。n nIn the life process,the animal In the life process,the animal worksworks in the opposite way to the in the opposite way to the plant.plant.n n在生命过程中，动物的活动方式与植物相反。在生命过程中，动物的活动方式与植物相反。n nAn electric current An electric current variesvaries directly as the electromotiv

35、e force and directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance.inversely as the resistance.n n电流的变化与电动势成正比，与电阻成反比。电流的变化与电动势成正比，与电阻成反比。n n形容词转换成名词形容词转换成名词形容词转换成名词形容词转换成名词n nBoth the compounds are acids,the Both the compounds are acids,the formerformer is strong and the latter is stro

36、ng and the latter weak.weak.n n这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。n nThe atmosphere is only about eleven kilometers The atmosphere is only about eleven kilometers thickthick.n n大气的厚度约为大气的厚度约为1100011000米。米。n nPeople are so much more flexible and People are so much more flexible and inventive

37、inventive than robots.than robots.n n人类比机器人更灵活而且更富有创造性。人类比机器人更灵活而且更富有创造性。n nIn fission processes the fission fragments are very In fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactiveradioactive.n n在裂变过程中，裂变碎片的放射性很强。在裂变过程中，裂变碎片的放射性很强。n nThe more carbon the steel contains,the The more carbon

38、the steel contains,the harderharder and and strongerstronger it is.it is.n n钢含碳量越高，强度和硬度就越大。钢含碳量越高，强度和硬度就越大。n nThe electrolytic process for producing hydrogen is not so The electrolytic process for producing hydrogen is not so efficientefficient as as the thermochemical process.the thermochemical pr

39、ocess.n n用电解法生产的效率不象热化学法那样高。用电解法生产的效率不象热化学法那样高。n nIce is not as Ice is not as densedense as water and it therefore floats.as water and it therefore floats.n n冰的密度比水小，因而能浮在水面上。冰的密度比水小，因而能浮在水面上。n nThe The differentdifferent production cost is closely associated with the sources production cost is clos

40、ely associated with the sources of power.of power.n n生产成本的差异与能源密切相关。生产成本的差异与能源密切相关。n nGlass is more Glass is more solublesoluble than quartz.than quartz.n n玻璃的可溶性比石英大。玻璃的可溶性比石英大。n nAt constant temperature,the pressure of a gas is inversely At constant temperature,the pressure of a gas is inversely p

41、roportionalproportional to its volume.to its volume.n n温度不变，则气体压力和体积成反比。温度不变，则气体压力和体积成反比。n n代词转换成名词代词转换成名词代词转换成名词代词转换成名词n nRadio waves are similar to light waves except that Radio waves are similar to light waves except that theirtheir wave-length wave-length is much greater.is much greater.n n无线电波与

42、光波相似，只不过无线电波的波长要长一些。无线电波与光波相似，只不过无线电波的波长要长一些。n nWe need frequencies even higher than We need frequencies even higher than thosethose we call very high we call very high frequency.frequency.n n我们所需要的频率，甚至比我们称作高频率的还要高。我们所需要的频率，甚至比我们称作高频率的还要高。n nAir density decreases as the temperature goes up and Air

43、density decreases as the temperature goes up and it it increases increases when it gets colder.when it gets colder.n n气温升高时，空气密度就减小；空气变冷时，空气密度就增大。气温升高时，空气密度就减小；空气变冷时，空气密度就增大。n nAccording to a growing body of evidence,the chemicals that make According to a growing body of evidence,the chemicals that

44、make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids,ending up in fluids,ending up in youryour body.body.n n越来越多的证据表明，许多塑料制品的化学成分会移动到食物越来越多的证据表明，许多塑料制品的化学成分会移动到食物或流体上去，最终进入人体内。或流体上去，最终进入人体内。n nThough we ca

45、nnot see Though we cannot see it it,there is air all around us.,there is air all around us.n n虽然我们看不见空气，可我们周围到处都有空气。虽然我们看不见空气，可我们周围到处都有空气。n nOneOne would fall all the way down to the center of the earth without would fall all the way down to the center of the earth without gravity.gravity.n n如果没有引力，

46、人们就会一直掉到地球的中心。如果没有引力，人们就会一直掉到地球的中心。n nFor nearly two thousand years it was mistakenly believed that all For nearly two thousand years it was mistakenly believed that all heavy objects fell faster than light heavy objects fell faster than light onesones.n n在长达两千年的时间里，人们都认为一切重物都比轻物落得快。在长达两千年的时间里，人们都认为

47、一切重物都比轻物落得快。这种观念是错误的。这种观念是错误的。n nThe volume of the sun is much larger than The volume of the sun is much larger than thatthat of the earth.of the earth.n n太阳的体积比地球的体积大得多。太阳的体积比地球的体积大得多。n nThe most common acceleration is The most common acceleration is thatthat of free falling bodies.of free falling

48、bodies.n n最普通的加速度是自由落体加速度。最普通的加速度是自由落体加速度。n nEnergy can neither be created,nor destroyed,although Energy can neither be created,nor destroyed,although itsits form can form can be changed.be changed.n n尽管能量的形式可以转换，但能量既不能被创造，有不能被消尽管能量的形式可以转换，但能量既不能被创造，有不能被消灭。灭。n n副词转换成名词副词转换成名词副词转换成名词副词转换成名词n nSuch ma

49、gnetism,because it is Such magnetism,because it is electricallyelectrically produced,is called produced,is called electromagnetism.electromagnetism.n n由于这种磁性产生于电，所以称为电磁。由于这种磁性产生于电，所以称为电磁。n nOxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world,it is Oxygen is one of the important elements in

50、 the physical world,it is very actively very actively chemicallychemically.n n氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，其化学性能很活泼。氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，其化学性能很活泼。n nThe quality of the operating system determines The quality of the operating system determines howhow usefuluseful the the computer puter is.n n操作系统的质量决定着计算机的应用效能。操作系统的质量决定着计