对外经济贸易大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试国.pdf
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1、 1考研专业课培训专家 网址:http:/ 对外经济贸易大学对外经济贸易大学 2004 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试国际贸易学综合试题及答案详解年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试国际贸易学综合试题及答案详解 国际贸易学综合试题国际贸易学综合试题(试题代码:试题代码:4123)一、判断一、判断(正确的划,错误的划。每题正确的划,错误的划。每题 1 分,共分,共 5 分分)1在均衡的国民收入水平上,非计划存货投资必须等于零,且计划投资与实际投资必须相等。()2当政府对某一行业的产品实施最低限价政策时,通常会导致该行业的供给减少,市场需求增加。()3按照国际商会2000 年通则的规定,如果买方想采用铁路运
2、输,愿意办理进出口清关手续并担其中的费用,买方可以采用 FCA 贸易术语。()4根据国际惯例,保兑行审核单证无误而付款后,若开证行倒闭或无理拒付,则保兑行有要向受益人索回货款。()52002 年 8 月国际货币基金组织有关数据表明,中国是 2001 年黄金储备增长最多的国家。()二、单项选择二、单项选择(每题每题 1 分,共分,共 5 分分)1垄断厂商面对两个相互独立、需要弹性不同的市场时,为获取最大利润,厂商应该实行()。A同一价格 B一级价格歧视 C二级价格歧视 D三级价格歧视 2厂商对要素的需求取决于()A要素的边际生产力 B产品的价格 C要素的平均产量 D要素的供给量 3一切险与水渍险
3、各项保险责任的不同之处在于()的赔偿。A自然灾害所造成的单独海损 B意外事故所造成的全部或部分损失 C一般外来原因所造成的损失 D特殊外来原因所造成的损失 4下列哪一项属于国际收支的长期性不平衡:()A结构性不平衡 B收入性不平衡 C周期性不平衡 D货币性不平衡 5下列属于三级储备资产的有:()A活期存款 B短期存款 C黄金储备 D普通提款权 三、多项选择三、多项选择(选择错误或选择不完全均不给分,每题选择错误或选择不完全均不给分,每题 2 分,共分,共 10 分分)1对于生产函 Q=f(L,K)和成本方程 C=w.L+r.K 来说,在最优的生产要素组合点上应该有()。A等产量曲线和等成本线相
4、切 BLKwMRTSr=CKLKLMPKMRTSLMP=DLKMPMPwr=2按UCP500规定,除非另有约定,卖方不得提交()。A舱面提单 B已装船提单 C清洁提单 D不清洁提单 2考研专业课培训专家 网址:http:/ E指示提单 3一项合同成立的有效条件包括()。A当事人必须具有签订合同的行为能力 B合同必须有对价或约因 C合同的内容必须合法 D合同必须符合法律规定的形式 E合同当事人的意思表示必须真实 4在下列 IME 贷款类型中,属于普通贷款的是:()A缓冲库存贷款 B中期贷款 C信托基金贷款 D补充贷款 5下列能在合同有效期任何一天交割的有:()A欧式期权 B美式期权 C择期 D远
5、期合同 四、名词解释四、名词解释(每题每题 4 分,共分,共 16 分分)1经济增长的黄金分割率 2纳什均衡 3一价定律 4寄售 五、简述题五、简述题(每题每题 10 分,共分,共 30 分分)1新凯恩斯主义是如何解释价格和工资粘性的?由此提出的经济稳定政策是什么?2简述产业内贸易说的核心内容。3特里芬两难为何构成布雷顿森林体系的致命缺陷?六、论述与分析题六、论述与分析题(第第 1、2 题第题各题第题各 10 分,第分,第 3 题题 14 分,共分,共 34 分分)1美国对包括钢铁、汽车及纺织品在内的许多产品实行配额。经济学家们估算通过拍卖配额权,美国财政部每年至少获得 100 亿美元的收入。
6、假定美国的服装市场在无贸易条件下,国内的服装均衡价格为 8 美元/1 单位,交易数量为 200 单位。而服装的世界市场价格为 4 美元/1 单位。美国在自由贸易条件下,美国的服装价格降至 4 美元,国内生产者只供给 100 单位,需进口 200 单位才能满足国内需求。现假定美国政府的服装配额为100 单位,并将配额按一年的进口量分配给各进口国。请图示对美国的服装配额进行分析。(1)美国的服装交易量各价格将是多少?(2)配额导致的效率损失是多少?(3)拍卖配额权会带来什么影响?2我某进出口公司于 5 月 15 日向外商 A 发盘并限其 18 日复到我方。A 于 16 日上午 10 时向当地邮局交
7、发关于接受我方发盘的电报。但由于当地邮局工人罢工,该电报在传递途中延误到 22 日才送达我方。我公司认为对方答复逾期,未予置理,并将货物以较高价格售予外商 B。5 月 25 日,A 来电称:信用证已经开出,要求我方尽早出运货物。我方立即复电 A,声明接受到达过晚,双方并不存在合同关系。同此,双方发生争执。试根据联合国国际货物销售合同公约的有关规定,分析双方孰是孰非?并说明理由。3试析战略性外购(strategic outsourcing)的合理性。七、专业英语七、专业英语(英译中,每题英译中,每题 25 分,共分,共 50 分分)1The Taylor Rule:Could Robot Rep
8、lace Alan Greenspan?Macroeconomist John Taylor of Stanford University Calls for a New Monetary Rule That Would Institutionalize Appropriate Fed Policy Responses to Changes in Real Output and Inflation.In our discussion of rules versus discretion,“rules”were associated with a passive monetary 3考研专业课培
9、训专家 网址:http:/ Policy-one in which the monetary rule required that the Fed expand the money supply at a fixed annual rate regardless of the state of the economy.“Discretion”on the other hand,was associated which the Fed changed the interest rate in response to actual or anticipated changes in the eco
10、nomy Economist John Taylor has put a new twist on the rule-versus-discretion debate by suggestion a hybrid policy rule that dictates the precise active monetary actions the Fed should take when changes in the economy occur.This so-called Taylor rule combines traditional monetarism,with its emphasis
11、on a monetary rule,and the more mainstream view that active monetary policy is a useful tool taming inflation and limiting recession.Unlike the Friedman monetary rule,the Taylor rule holds,for example,that monetary policy should respond to changes in both real GDP and inflation,not simply inflation.
12、The key adjustment instrument is the interest rate,not the money supply.The Taylor rule has three parts:If real GDP rises 1 percent above potential GDP,the Fed should raise the Federal Funds rate (the interbank interest rate of overnight loans),relative to the current inflation rate,by.5 percent.If
13、inflation rises by 1 percent above its target of 2 percent,then the Fed should raise the Federal funds rate by.5 percent relative to the inflation rate.When the real GDP is equal to potential GDP and inflation is equal to its target rate of 2 percent,the Federal funds rate remain at about 4 percent,
14、which would imply a real interest rate of 2 percent.Taylor has neither suggested nor implied that a robot,programmed with the Taylor rule,should replace Alan Greenspan,chairman of the Federal System.The Feds discretion to override the rule(or“contingency plan for policy”)would be retained,but the Fe
15、d would have to explain why its policies diverged from the rule.So the rule would remove the“mystery”associated with monetary policy and increase the Feds accountability.Also,says Taylor,if used consistently,the rule would enable market participants to predict Fed behavior,and this would increase Fe
16、d credibility and reduce uncertainty.Critics of the Taylor rule admit it is more in tune with countercyclical Fed policy than with Friedmans simple monetary rule.But they see no reason to limit the Feds discretion in adjusting interest rates as it sees fit to achieve stabilization and growth.Monetar
17、y policy may be more art than science.The critics also point out that the Fed has done a remarkable job of promoting price stability,full employment,and economic growth over the past decade.In view of this success,they ask,“Why saddle the Fed with a highly mechanical monetary rule?”2.Petition of the
18、 Candlemakers,1845 French Economist Frederic Bastiat(1801-1850)Devastated the Proponents of Protectionism by Satirically Extending Their Reasoning to Its Logical and Absurd Conclusions.Petition of the Manufacturers of Candles,Waxlights,Lamps,Candlesticks,Street Lamps,Snuffers,Extinguishers,and of th
19、e Producers of Oil Tallow,Rosin,Alcohol,and,Generally,of Everything Connected with Lighting.TO MESSIEURS THE MEMBERS OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.Gentlemen-You are on the right road.You reject abstract theories,and have little consideration for 4考研专业课培训专家 网址:http:/ cheapness and plenty.Your chief care
20、 is the interest of producer.You desire to emancipate him from external competition,and reserve the national market for national industry.We are about to offer you an admirable opportunity of applying your-what shall we call it?No;nothing is more deceptive than theory;your doctrine?Your system?your
21、principle?but you dislike doctrines,you abhor systems,and as principles,you deny that there are any in social economy:we shall say,then,your practice,your practice without theory and without principle.We are suffering from the intolerable competition of a foreign rival,placed,it would seem,in a cond
22、ition so far superior to ours for the production of light,that the absolutely inundates our national market with it at a price fabulously reduced.The moment he shows himself,our trade leaves us-all consumers apply to him;and a branch of native industry,having countless ramifications,is all once rend
23、ered completely stagnant.This rivalis no other than the Sun.What we pray for is,that is may please you to pass a law ordering the shuttling up all of windows,skylights,dormer windows,outside and inside shutters,curtains,blinds,bulls-eyes;in a word,of all openings holes,chinks,clefts,and fissures,by
24、or through which the light of the sun has been in use to enter houses,to the prejudice of the meritorious manufacturers with which we flatter ourselves we have accommodated our country,-a country which,in gratitude,ought not to abandon us now to a strife so unequal.If more tallow is consumed,then th
25、ere must be more oxen and sheep;and consequently,we shall be hold the multiplication of artificial meadows,meat,wool,hides,and,above all,manure,which is the basis and foundation of all agricultural wealth.The same remark applies to navigation.Thousands of vessels will proceed to the whale fishery;an
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