2023届全国新高考英语冲刺突破复习：非谓语动词.docx

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1、2023届全国新高考美语冲剌突破复习非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句(谓语动词)，又没有连词和从句的情况下,还 有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。Ex.l:找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)。1. The boss wanted to see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.1.1 heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man tal

2、king with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。)Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful.6. Please keep quiet in the reading room.7. Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US.8. We see fallen leaves on the ground.9. Dressed in

3、red, she looks more beautiful.10. We plant many trees to make our city green.案:1. to see 2. to be held 3. singing 4. talking 5. to live, to struggle 6. seeing7.reading 8. founded 9. fallen 10. dressed 11. to make.第一讲：动名词和不定式作主语Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。(1) ving

4、作主语：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常位于句首, 并视为单数形式。Eg: Sending e-mail is increasingly popular.CoHecting stamps is a good hobby.句型：It is +fun/ a great pleasure/ a waste of time/ no use(good, point, sense, harm)等名词 + (in) doing something(2)不定式作主语To play basketball is funny.不定式作主语，为了使句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至

5、句子的 后面。3. The book is very (interest).4. We were(excite) with joy at the victory.5. The news was(excite) to usNobody was(interest) in the story that he told.6. The problem is(puzzle).7. My work is to clean the room.8. His dream is to be a doctor.答案：1 satisfied 2 interested 3 interesting 4 excited 5

6、exciting 6 interested 7 puzzling部分加ed和加ing可以转变为形容词的动词。delighting 令人高兴的 disappointing令人失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 puzzling令人费解的 satisfying令人满意的 surprising令人惊异的 worrying令人担心的 amusing 令人高兴的encouraging 鼓舞人心的exciting令人激动的 worrying令人烦恼的 tiring引起疲劳的astonishing 令人惊讶的delighted 感到高兴的 disappointed感到失望的

7、 encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleased感到愉快的 puzzled感到费解的 satisfied感到满意的 surprised感到惊异的 worried感到担心的 amused开心的 encouraged受鼓励的 excited激动的worried烦恼的 tired疲劳的 astonished 惊讶的动词的一ed形式与一ing形式作表语时的区别。动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的 心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的 特征，含有主动的意思。备注：比较A.要把动词-ing形式作表语和现在进行时态区别开来。B.要把动词-ed形式作表语和被动语态区

8、别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动 语态表示被动动作。The problem is quite puzzling.We are having our English class.Peter the Great is buried here.Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.One of my bad habit is biting nails (指甲)Ex. 2:真题感悟(Homework)一、语法填空1 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them look

9、ed very anxious and 63 (disappoint).简析disappointedo过去分词disappointed 感到失望的“用作形容词，在句中作连 系动词look的表语。2 Do you find yourself getting impatient or 38 (annoy) with people over unimportant things?简析annoyed。空格处和形容词impatient并列和系动词get构成系表结构，填annoyed “恼怒的、生气的，表示你变得生气。3 Pahlsson and her husband now think the rin

10、g probably got _63(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长)through it.简析swepto sweep与the ring之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。4 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so

11、 he doesn t feel _65(challenge).简析challenged。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视它的眼睛，它就不会感觉受到挑战。 feel为系动词，challenged意为“受到挑战的”。5 u What we really need to do is _26 (bring) back play for children,v saysDr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines

12、 issued in April 2019.简析bring。6It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become61 (educate) about the areas一both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local area

13、s. (2021 全国乙卷)简析educated。在系动词become后应用形容词作表语，表示“受过教育的”。7I was so _62 (excite) when he wrote back to me. (2021 全国新高考 II 卷)简析excited考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。在系动词was之后作 表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词。二、短文改错彳列 1 After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.简析frighteningfrightened o例 2My friend Nick told

14、me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested.简析interestedinteresting o例 3The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister, but I just thought it was funny!简析embarrassing embarrassed o4I m pleasing to hear it.简析pleasing pleased 05I was really disappointing and about

15、 to leave when he walked out of a building.简析 disappointing disappointed o6I am awfully tiring, but I know I 11 never fall asleep.简析tiringtired。7Mom was grateful and moving.简析moving f moved。联系句意“妈妈很感动”，此处应该用过去分词作表语。8It was both excited and frightening to be up there!简析excited f exciting。现在分词exciting

16、 “令人兴奋的”用作形容词，在句中作连 系动词was的表语。例 9In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.简析interesting interestedo过去分词interested “感到有兴趣的”用作形容词，在 句中作连系动词are的表语。10I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.简析inter

17、esting -interested。interest（使感兴趣）的形容词有interesting（令人感兴趣的） 常修饰物；与interested（感兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件， 我对踢足球产生了兴趣。llOne was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.简析amazingamazed。amaze（使惊奇、使惊愕）形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与 amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I,句意:病人

18、看完医生就会感觉好很多， 对此我感到惊奇。12 T ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.简析opens-*open。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。第四讲：非谓语动词作定语句型一：a/an /the （verb）+名词my/her/his （verb）+名词this/that （verb）+名词adj/Lihua，s（名词所有格）（verb）+名词以上这四种形式一般考察的是非谓语动词作定语，一般只能考虑填V-ed和V-ing,若 果该动词有自己的形容词，也有可能把动词变为形容词。句型二：

19、S+ （verb）+其它+V+其它。The kite flying in the sky was made by him.The man injurnd in the accident is a bus driver.句型三：S+V+O （名词/代词）+ （动词）。v-ing作定语：与被修饰的名词之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行 Eg: China is a developing country.位置：1）单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。如：a flying object2）动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如: an object flyin

20、g in the air如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，又强调正在进行就用being done,通常表示 正在被做，常做后置定语。如：The building being built will be completed next year.正在被修建的建筑物将在 明年建完。备注：动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，只表示被修饰 名词的一般用途，必须位于名词之前。如：a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室，a drawing board 画板 a sewing machine 缝纫机 a walkin

21、g stick 手杖ved作定语:如果所给动词是及物动词，那么与被修饰的名词之间是被动关系和完成； 如果所给动词是不及物动词那么就只表示完成。单个分词作定语应放在被修饰名词前 面；词短语作定语应放在所修饰名词的后面Eg: The a injured man is bus driver.The man injured in the accident is a bus driver.She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food熟食；成品 fried eggs煎鸡蛋；炒蛋 f

22、rozen food速冻食品 required courses 必修课 finished products 成品 不定式作定语：a written report书面报告；报告书 boiled water 开水；白开水armed forces武装部队；武装力量 fallen leaves 落叶a forced smile 苦笑1）不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作即表示将来。Eg: I have a lot of work to do.There was nothing to bring home that morning.2）.序数词、形容词最高级、the last、th

23、e only等后或当名词或代词被以上这些词修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3)当被修饰的名词是 ability chance idea attempt、plan、way opportunity 等时，常用不定式作后置定语。I want to have a chance to further my study.Ex.l:用括号内词的适当形式填空。1) Whafs the language(speak) in that country?2) Theyre pro

24、blems(leave) over by history.3) The play(put on) by the teachers was a big success.4) Is there anybody(injury)?5)The question(discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.6) He was the last one (leave) school yesterday.7) Charles Lindbergh is the first man (fly) the Atlantic alone.8) She

25、 has a good chance (go) to college.9) He has got lots of questions (ask).10) There is nothing (worry) about.11) )There is a (swim) pool in our school.12) Who is the boy run) towards us。答案：1 spoken 2 left 3 put on 4 injured 5 discussed 6 to leave 7 to fly 8 to go9 to ask 10 to worry 11 swimming 12run

26、ningEx. 2：真题感悟(Homework)一、语法填空例 1 Picking up her uLifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _65(retire) from her 36-year-old business.简析to retire。不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词plan,表示“的计划:H列 2 When we got a call _68(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. (2019 全国卷H)简析saying。

27、say与被修饰名词a call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。例 3 Earth Day, 4(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.简析markedo mark与被修饰名词Earth Day之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置 定语。例 4 They represent the earth _63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. (2020 全

28、国卷 H)简析coming0非谓语动词与被修饰名词the earth之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作 后置定语o例 5 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020 全国卷HI)简析surrounding。非谓语动词与被修饰名词the soft clouds之间是主动关系，故用现15在分词作后置定语。例 6A piece of stone 8 （find） on a Dutch

29、beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. （2020 北京卷） 简析考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的 人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句 中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为foundo例 7Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain

30、, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _ 63 （ache） legs. （2021全国新高考I卷）简析aching考查非谓语动词。修饰名词legs作定语，用aching,表示“疼痛的”。二、短文改错/列 1I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.简 析giving - given。例 2He would also catch the food throwing to him f

31、rom the other side of the room and sing happily.简析throwing f thrown。H列 3The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. 简析keeps f keeping。H列 4 We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter.简析mixing f mixedH列 5My classmate, Joseph, i

32、s at present in hospital with a breaking leg.简析breaking f broken。例 6Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actors.简析make f making。/列 7He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the fac

33、tory.简析/Veach to。序数词the first后跟动词不定式作定语。例 8Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.简析using fused。过去分词短语作定语表被动，修饰名词the water。例 9Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.简析i

34、nterested interestingo故事是“令人感兴趣的”，此处应该用现在分词作定语。例 10I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.简析taking f taken。H列 11I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. （2020全国卷I）简析frying f fried,考查动词过去分词作定语。名词tomato与动词fry是逻辑上的 动宾关系，所以将动词fry变为过去分词作定语，表达

35、油炸蕃茄这种食物。第五讲：非谓语动词作状语句型一： (verb) +其它，S+V+其它.句型二：S+V+其它， (verb) +其它. l.v-ing短语在句子中作状语，和句子主语构成主动关系。Eg: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.(When) hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing.Eg: Being poor, he couldnt go to scho

36、ol.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus.He sat there, reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.

37、Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street.Eg: Using your head, youll find a good way.Working hard, youll surely succeed.备注：当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having doneEg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. v-ed (过去分词)作状语

38、：v-ed用作状语时，和句子主语构成被动关系。Eg: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.They came in, followed by some children.3.不定式作状语1)目的状语常用结构为 to do , in order to do, so as to do, so (such) . as to .(如此以便)。Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here to say good-bye to you.2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违

39、的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。Eg： He searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因：S+系动词+adj+ (verb).Eg: Im glad to see you.Ex.l:用所给词的适当形式填空。1) (not know) much French, they couldnt make themselves understood when they were in Paris.2)(finish) all work, they went home.3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,(say) nothing

40、about the argument.4)(gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.5)(look) at my classmates5 faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.6) It rained heavily in the south,(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.7) Tim sat near the fire (get) warm.8) He went to the li

41、brary (borrow) a book.9) He hurried home only ( find) his money stolen.10) (see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.11) Generally speaking, when (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.12) If(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. 答案 1 Not k

42、nowing 2 Having finished 3 saying 4. Gathering 5 Looking6 causing 7 to get 8 to borrow 9 to find 10 Seen 11 taken 12 taking真题感悟一、语法填空例 lChildren, when 21_ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.简析accompanied。动词accompany与主语children构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用 过去分词accompanied,本题中省略的部分为they ar

43、eo例 2_26_ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local cafe as a waiter.简析To earno彳列 3 _31_ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.简析Shockedo shock与逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语表示被 动。例 4 If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you

44、 11 be less likely _69_(bring) your work home.简析to bringo be likely to do something “很可能做某事”。例 5 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _63 (create) special designs.简析to createo动词不定式作目的状语。例 6 People probably cooked their food in large pots, _64_ (use) twigs(M 枝)to remove it.简析using

45、o use与逻辑主语People之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语表 示主动。例 7 Soon after, I was on my way to the show, 60 (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.简析carryingo carry与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。 例 8This isn t as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary whil

46、e _63(read) an interesting piece of literature.简析readingo逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading. 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading.的省略形式。例 9The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _64_ (improve) water quality.简析to improve。根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻” 的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。例 10 China s appr

47、oach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, “ says the bank, s Juergen Voegele.简析feeding。根据省略知识可知，while引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语China 和be,而China和feed之间是主动关系，故填现在分词feeding。while +现在分词 短语作状语，相当于while引导的时间状语从句。例 11 Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_(perform) consistently over a large area.简析to perform。在句型“主与+be+形容词+to do sth. ” 中，动 词不定式常用作原因状语。