备战2023年高考英语一轮复习全国通用考点04-代词与语法填空（解析版）.docx

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1、考点04代词（解析版）【命题解读】1 .近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别， 如：all, everything和anything等的意义差别，it, that和one不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差 异，如it （代词）和which （关系代词）的区别。2 .试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分 析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进；加强 语境的真实性和复杂性。加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【命题预测】今后高考对代词的考

2、查有所变化，主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空重点考查在语 境中运用正确的代词。【名师指导】英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。 建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分，了解各类 代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代 词间的用法区别。解题规律如下：1.明确指代在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从 以下几方面考虑：（1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一

3、类；（2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词；（3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。2 .理清逻辑需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑：（1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；（2）代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。【重要考向及考点表】一、人称代词；and in perfect order.【参考答案】考察反身代词。句意：她长得非常漂亮，她的房子也反映了她自己，一切都很高雅，井井有条。根据 句意可知，此处要用反身代词herself。【反身代词提分秘籍】1 .反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语The text

4、 itself is very easy.这篇课文本身很简单。（主语的同位语）（D（Either） Jane or yourself will go there.要么Jane去，要么你亲自去。（作并列主语，但不能单独作主语）2 .主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself, throw oneself, look after oneself, say to oneself3 .在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适I dont know whats the matter with me. Tm not mys

5、elf today.4 .用在交际英语中Help yourself!随便吃！（宴请礼仪）自己拿吧！（借物用语）Make yourself at home!别客气！Dont upset yourself!别自寻烦恼 了 ！5 .辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；of oneself自动地；to oneself独占，独用跟考向五代词it【典例】【2018全国卷I语法填空】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as ot

6、her sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.【参考答案】it / running give it / sth a try是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类:6 .指代作用用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物（单数或不可数名词）。如：Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。代替前面的整个句子。如：It is said that he has died of

7、 a disease, but it isnt true.据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this, that。如：一What is this?这是什么？一It9s a bike.是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：The baby cried because it was hungry.婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门？一Its me.是我。(5)指环境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况了。Take

8、it easy.别紧张。It doesnt matter.没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：Its getting colder and colder now.现在越来越冷了。It is winter now.现在是冬天了。7 .形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v-ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。 如：Its very kind of you to repair the machine for us.谢谢你为我们修理这台机器。It is no use asking himhe doesnt know anythin

9、g.问他没有用他什么也不知道。It appeared that nothing could make him give up.看来他无论如何也不肯放弃。【特别提醒】不要与there is no“没有”混淆。试比较:Its no good worrying about it like that.像那样担心它没有好处。There is no need/time/chance to worry about it like that.没有必要/时间/机会像那样担心它。(2)形式主语与主句间不用逗号分隔；as引导前置定语从句时，与主句间不能用that连接，必须用逗号 隔开。不要把这两个相似的结构混淆。如

10、：众所周知，地球是圆的。误As is known to us that the earth is round.正It is known to us that the earth is round.正As is known to us, the earth is round.（2）形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。They thought

11、it difficult to talk to the guests about the requirement.他们认为向客人提出要求是很困难的。【特别提醒】形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make（按时到达，成功）等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付现金的话，我将感激不尽。The boy likes it when you do that.那个男孩喜欢你那样做。8

12、.强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：Itis/was+所强调 的成分+ that/who/whom+其他成分。（具体用法请参阅第12讲特殊句式）（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled （揭幕）at the ceremony opening（it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth A Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.答案：its解析：考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开

13、启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真一普 洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填闻。（202L6新高考1卷语法填空）As the song goes, this long and winding road nwill never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitors memory.It sure does in 9（I）.【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。根据提示词可知，句意为：这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代the song, does 指代动词sticks,空格处应指my memory,为了避免重复，

14、用名词性物主代词来代替”形容词性物主代词 +名词”。故填mine。(2021.6全国乙卷语法填空)Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构 成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故填its。(2021.6浙江卷语法填空)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflec

15、tion of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.n【答案】herself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也 很好。(2020新课标I卷语法填空)Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月 球的)bas

16、e are practical.【答案】much【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定 它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填itSo(2020山东卷语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟)and imagine42 . (they) livingat a di

17、fferent time in history or 43 (walking) (walk)throurh a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同 的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填 themselves o模拟检取（2022云南一模）It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked countr

18、y to a land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning 16 （they） dream into reality.【解析】考查代词。句意：老挝人民长期以来一直梦想看到自己的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个“与土 地相连的国家“，而新铁路的开通是实现他们的梦想的一大步。用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词 dream o 故填 their o（2022广东广州一模）By the age of 23, she has visited all the countries in

19、an effort to challenge 5（she） and pushthe limits of 52 she believed was possible for a female traveler.【答案】herself【解析】考查代词。句意：23岁时，她走遍了所有的国家，努力挑战自己，挑战她认为女性旅行者可能 达到的极限。动词challenge后缺宾语，和主语指的是同一个人，意为“挑战她自己”，所以用反身代词。 故填 herselfo（2022江西南昌二中一模）Because of the interlacement （交织）of the lanes, eveiy house is

20、connected to the other, making 27 easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbors.【解析】考查代词。句意：因为道路的交织，每个房子都连接着，让当地人很容易和邻居保持联系。根 据句子分析可知，此空句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后文的to keep in touch with their neighbors,故应 用it做形式宾语，故填it。（2022江西赣州一模）An important factor affecting happiness is the tendency to compare

21、 ones situation with 75 of other people. 【答案】that【解析】考查代词。句意：影响幸福感的一个重要因素是倾向于将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比 较。根据句意可知，此句是将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较，此处指同类异物，特指，故用代词 that 代替 situation, 故填 that。（2022江西南昌二中一模）Because of the interlacement （交织）of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, making 27 easy for local people t

22、o keep in touch with their neighbors.【答案】it【解析】考查代词。句意：因为道路的交织，每个房子都连接着，让当地人很容易和邻居保持联系。根 据句子分析可知，此空句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后文的to keep in touch with their neighbors,故应 用it做形式宾语，故填储重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】It spread around quickly and tens of thousands of people were infected. Zhong, 84, led(he) team to fight the illn

23、ess.【参考答案】考查代词。team为名词，修饰形容词性物主代词修饰。故填his。【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】Many companies showed interest in hiring Liang, but Liang committed(he) to his former job as a teacher in Chongqing Technician College of Railway Transportation, as well as a coach in the Chinese Training Base in Electronics for WSC located

24、in the same school.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：许多公司都有兴趣聘用梁，但梁仍投身于他之前的工作重庆铁路运输技术学院 的一名教师，以及位于同一所学校的WSC中国电子培训基地的一名教练员。结合句意表示“致力于， 投身于“可知短语为commit oneself to,可知应填反身代词himselfo故填himself。【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】Chinas writing system forms a strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the present with (that) of t

25、he past.【参考答案】考查代词。句意见上一题。此处特指上文所提及的过去的中国人和中国文化，表复数含义，应用those 进行指代。故填those。【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】I was very touched when Shanghai set up a hotline for foreigners to help(they) during the crisis.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：当上海为外国人开通热线帮助他们渡过危机时，我非常感动。动词help后面要用人 称代词的宾格作宾语。故填them。【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Some spiders start break

26、ing(they) nets during the eclipse, just as they usually do at the end of the day.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：一些蜘蛛在日食期间开始破网，就像它们通常在一天结束时所做的那样。修饰后文名词nets应用形容词性物主代词theiro故填their0【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing, we suggest setting volume limits on personal audio devices, is al

27、so good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest. 【参考答案】考查it。句意：这不仅可以减少被暴露在过高音量的时间，也可以让耳朵休息一下。本句为it作形式 主语，真正主语为后面的不定式，故填It。【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】As the third solar term in the lunar year,(it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter a

28、re awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.【参考答案】考查代词。修饰名词name,前用代词的所有格形式。句意：它的名字表明着冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒， 大地上万物复苏。故填its。【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】Therefore, kite has(it) modern name as fengzheng.【参考答案】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：因此，风筝有了它现在这个名字风筝。It形容词性物主代词为its,故 填 itSo【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】When come

29、s to someone who gains a great achievement through hard work, people often use niu,meaning “awesome，to describe him or her.【参考答案】考查固定句型。句意：当谈到一个通过努力工作取得巨大成就的人时，人们常常用“牛”来形容他或她， 意思是“棒极了固定句型When it comes to(当提到)。故填it。重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Dahlquist had always delighted in listening to the baby birds chirp(鸟

30、叫)to(they) parents during feeding time.【参考答案】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在喂食时间，达尔奎斯特总是很喜欢听小鸟宝宝对父母唧唧喳喳地叫。 空后为名词parents,因此所填空应是形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The road (it) has already been completed, and now its only a matter of connecting the grid (输电网), which is expected to be finished by the end of the ye

31、ar alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressways south section.【参考答案】考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself做同位语，故答案为itself。【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】Even in high-tech Japan,is possible to see businessmen, farmers, mothers or workers in the streets on their bikes.【参考答案】考查it作形式主语。句意：即使在高科技的日本，也有可能看到商人、农民、母亲或工人在街上骑着自行

32、 车。句中涉及固定句型句is/was + adj. + (fbrsb.)todosth.”,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是的”，句中 用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构t。see。故填it。【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】Tests have been carried out at several airports since last year, including John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. The company hopes to put in airports around the world.【参

33、考答案】考查代词。句意：该公司希望将其推广到世界各地的机场。分析句子结构，横线处需填put的宾语， 再结合具体语境，横线处指的是上文提到的system,故填代词it。江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】Involving(you) in an activity that makes you breathe a little more heavily will improve the development of your heart and lungs and help them work more effectively and efficiently.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：参加

34、一项让你呼吸稍微重一点的活动会促进你的心肺的发育，帮助它们更有效地工 作。根据后文“makes you”可知此处指“让你自己参加”应用反身代词yourselfo故填yourself。【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】In 1995, Dr. Madan Katari a called on a group of students in a park to test whether adding regular laughter to peoples lives would improve(they) well-being, Kataria also introduced deep bre

35、athing and simple yoga moves_into the exercises.【参考答案】考查物主代词。句意：同4题。well-being“幸福”为名词，需要用物主代词限定。故填their。【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and put to good use, saving dozensof old tree stumps from being removed by turning them into impressive

36、works of art.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：Gabi Rizea三年前才发现自己的木雕天赋，并好好利用了这一天赋，将数十根被砍 伐的老树桩变成了令人印象深刻的艺术品。此处指利用“talent”，应用代词it。故填it。【河北省2021届高三模拟】Its mass is more than twice than of all the other planets in. the solar system combined.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：它的质量是太阳系中其他所有行星质量总和的两倍多。此处指代上文同类事物mass, 且mass不可数，应用that指代。故填that。【重庆市一

37、中2021届高三适应性考试】It spread around quickly and tens of thousands of people were infected. Zhong, 84, led(he) team to fight the illness.【参考答案】考查代词。team为名词，修饰形容词性物主代词修饰。故填his。【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】Many companies showed interest in hiring Liang, but Liang committed(he) to his former job as a teacher in Chongqin

38、g Technician College of Railway Transportation, as well as a coach in the Chinese Training Base in Electronics for WSC located in the same school.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：许多公司都有兴趣聘用梁，但梁仍投身于他之前的工作重庆铁路运输技术学院 的一名教师，以及位于同一所学校的WSC中国电子培训基地的一名教练员。结合句意表示“致力于, 投身于 ”可知短语为commit oneself to,可知应填反身代词himselfo故填himselfo【湖北省武

39、汉市2021届高三质量检测】Chinas writing system forms a strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the present with (that) of the past.【参考答案】考查代词。句意见上一题。此处特指上文所提及的过去的中国人和中国文化，表复数含义，应用those 进行指代。故填those。【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】I was very touched when Shanghai set up a hotline for foreigners to help(they) du

40、ring the crisis.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：当上海为外国人开通热线帮助他们渡过危机时，我非常感动。动词help后面要用人 称代词的宾格作宾语。故填them。【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Some spiders start breaking(they) nets during the eclipse, just as they usually do at the end of the day.【参考答案】考查代词。句意：一些蜘蛛在日食期间开始破网，就像它们通常在一天结束时所做的那样。修饰后文 名词nets应用形容词性物主代词theiro故填their。【广东湛江一中202

41、1届高三模拟】In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing, we suggest setting volume limits on personal audio devices, is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest. 【参考答案】考查it。句意：这不仅可以减少被暴露在过高音量的时间，也可以让耳朵休息一下。本句为it作形式 主语，真正主语为后面的

42、不定式，故填It。【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】As the third solar term in the lunar year,(it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.【参考答案】考查代词。修饰名词name,前用代词的所有格形式。句意：它的名字表明着冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒， 大地上万物复苏。故填its。【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】Theref

43、ore, kite has(it) modern name as fengzheng.【参考答案】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：因此，风筝有了它现在这个名字风筝。It形容词性物主代词为its,故 填 itSo【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】When comes to someone who gains a great achievement through hard work, people often use “niu”,meaning “awesome，to describe him or her.【参考答案】考查固定句型。句意：当谈到一个通过努力工作取得巨大成就的人时，人们常常用“牛”来

44、形容他或她， 意思是“棒极了”。固定句型When it comes to(当提到)。故填it。【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Dahlquist had always delighted in listening to the baby birds chirp(鸟叫)to(they) parents during feeding time.【参考答案】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在喂食时间，达尔奎斯特总是很喜欢听小鸟宝宝对父母唧唧喳喳地叫。 空后为名词parents,因此所填空应是形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。指示代词;三、不定代词;四、反身代词;五、代词it;表-k:人称单复数

45、主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性物 主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfItItItsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves表二:指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some疑问代词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代词普通不定代词o

46、ne/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a little,othersanother,all/ both,neither/ either复合不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everyone, no one/none,someone,anyone相互代词each other,one another表三：常见代词用法比较1. each, both, all, either, any, ne

47、ither, none 用法辨析全体都each两者及以上每一与not连用bothall两者全都三者及以上全都表部分否 定重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The road (it) has already been completed, and now its only a matter of connecting the grid (输电网), which is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressways south section.【参考答案】考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself做同位语，故答案为itself。【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大