词根词缀构词法课件.ppt

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1、Grammar1.Grammar(1)Conversion2.3.词词性性转转化指的是化指的是单词单词从一个从一个词类转词类转到到另一个另一个词类词类而不而不发发生生词词形的形的变变化。它化。它包括很多包括很多类别类别，如名，如名词词 动词动词、动词动词 名名词词、形容、形容词词 动词动词、副、副词词 动词动词等。等。4.1.名名词转词转化化为动词为动词 2.形容形容词转词转化化为动词为动词3.副副词转词转化化为动词为动词4.动词转动词转化化为为名名词词5.形容形容词转词转化化为为名名词词5.1.名名词转词转化化为动词为动词1)许许多表示物件的名多表示物件的名词词可可转转化化为动词为动词来表示

2、来表示动动作作 6.Who chaired the meeting?谁谁主持会主持会议议？It can seat a thousand people.能坐一千人。能坐一千人。Each apartment can house a family of six.每套房每套房间间可以住一可以住一户户六口之家。六口之家。I hope we can room together.我希望我我希望我们们能住同一个房能住同一个房间间。This helped to bridge over our difficulties.这这帮助我帮助我们们度度过过了困了困难难。They flowered well but bor

3、e little fruit.它它们们花开得很好，但果花开得很好，但果结结得不多。得不多。7.2)表示身体某部分的名表示身体某部分的名词转词转化化为动词为动词 8.Hand in your exercise-books,please.请请把把练习练习本交上来。本交上来。Well back you up.我我们们将作你的后盾。将作你的后盾。Who headed the delegation?谁谁任代表任代表团团长团团长？9.3)表示某表示某类类人的名人的名词转词转化化为动词为动词 10.If so,we shall be badly fooled.如果如果这样这样我我们们就会上大当。就会上大当。

4、He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他他坚坚持不睡持不睡觉觉来来护护理理这这个小孩。个小孩。We were hosted by members of the embassy.我我们们受到大使受到大使馆馆成成员员的款待。的款待。11.4)抽象名抽象名词词等等转转化化为动词为动词 12.Where do swallows winter?燕子在哪里燕子在哪里过过冬冬？We summered by Lake Geneva.我我们们在日内瓦湖畔在日内瓦湖畔度度过过夏天夏天。For six days and nights they battled to

5、 save his life.他他们们苦苦战战了六昼夜来了六昼夜来抢抢救他的生命。救他的生命。Through my childhood,I had hungered for education.我从小就我从小就盼望盼望上学。上学。13.5）特定）特定场场合下的合下的转转化化His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他再他再说说理理时时“如果如果”和和“但是但是”用得太多了。用得太多了。This book is a must for students of electronics.这这是学是学电电子学的学生的一本必子学的学生的一本必读书读书。Foll

6、ow the following dos and donts in the lab.在在实验实验室一定要遵守室一定要遵守“能做的事能做的事”和和“不能做不能做的事的事”。14.2.形容形容词转词转化化为动词为动词15.Dry,narrow,quiet,clear,warm,slow,tidy 等等词词都可都可转转化化为动词为动词。The room gradually quieted down.屋里慢慢的静了下来。屋里慢慢的静了下来。They finally freed themselves from slaves.他他们们最后把自己从奴隶制度下解放出来。最后把自己从奴隶制度下解放出来。Plea

7、se tidy your room.请请整理好你的房整理好你的房间间。16.The train slowed down to half its speed.火火车车速度慢了一半。速度慢了一半。This is the chief way of narrowing the difference between them.这这是是缩缩小他小他们们之之间间差距的主要差距的主要办办法。法。Please warm up the dish over the stove.请请把菜放在炉子上加把菜放在炉子上加热热一下。一下。The room gradually quieted down.室内慢慢静了下来。室内慢

8、慢静了下来。17.3.副副词转词转化化为动词为动词This helped to further their unity.这这有助于促有助于促进进他他们们的的团结团结。Truth will out.真相真相总总会大白的。会大白的。3000 workers there downed tools.那儿三千工人那儿三千工人罢罢工了。工了。Please forward the letter to my new address.请请把信把信转转到我的新地址。到我的新地址。She will off and do her own things.她将走掉去做自己的事。她将走掉去做自己的事。18.4.动词转动词转

9、化化为为名名词词We stopped there for a swim.我我们们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。This is for winter wear.Dont make it too tight.这这是冬天穿的，是冬天穿的，别别做得太做得太紧紧。I like a quiet read after supper.晚晚饭饭后我喜后我喜欢欢静静地看一会儿静静地看一会儿书书。Women have an equal say in everything.妇妇女在各方面都有同等的女在各方面都有同等的发发言言权权。19.*有有时动词转时动词转化成名化成名词词后意思有一定的后意思有

10、一定的变变化化He has about the same build as his brother.他的体型和他哥哥差不多。他的体型和他哥哥差不多。Women have equal say in everything.妇妇女在各方面都有同等的女在各方面都有同等的发发言言权权。He won two games;the other two were draws.他他赢赢了两局，另外两局打平了。了两局，另外两局打平了。20.5.形容形容词转词转化化为为名名词词 He didnt want to disturb the quiet needed by patients.他不愿打他不愿打扰扰病人需要的安

11、静病人需要的安静环环境。境。The boy is a dear.他是个招人喜他是个招人喜爱爱的孩子。的孩子。There is only one black in my class.我我们们班上只有一名黑人学生。班上只有一名黑人学生。21.Exercise:Rewrite the sentences as the example shows.Example:Whats the answer?They want me to answer the question.1.The Chicago Bulls won their first championship in 1991.There was a

12、 first championship _ for the Chicago Bulls in 1991.win22.2.Jordan surprised everyone when he retired.It was _ for everyone when he retired.3.They changed the rules of the game to try to stop him.There was _ in the rules to try to stop him.a surprisea change23.More Exercise1.His answer was“No”.He _“

13、No”.2.My dream was to play for the Shanghai Sharks.I _ of playing for the Shanghai Sharks.answereddreamed24.3.The interviewer asked Michael Jordan some questions about his career.The interview _ Michael Jordan about his career.4.At the end of the first half the score was 2-0 to China.China _ 2-0 at

14、the end of the first half.questionedscored25.5.The star of the film was a young basketball player,Leroy.A young basketball player,Leroy,_ in the film.starred26.Exercise 3.1.A lot of young boys _ about playing in the NBA.2.The _ of the game was incredible 169 to 147.3.Michael Jordan was the biggest _

15、 of the Chicago Bulls for many years.4.My uncle _ as a trainer for the Shanghai Sharks.5.The teacher often asks us _ about basketball.dreamworkstarresultquestionnounnounverbnounverbworkedquestionsdreamresultstar27.Answers to exercise 4.1.broke2.head3.record4.played5.headed6.recorded7.play 8.break 28

16、.Read the following sentences,paying specialattention to the underlined words.1.Chamberlain averaged over 50 points a game for an entire season.2.2.His average was more than 30 points a game.3.3.Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season.4.4.The final score was 169147.v

17、.平均平均n.平均数平均数v.得分得分n.得分得分29.Complete the sentences with the words.He _ his arm playing basketball.Yao Ming injured his _ during a game.Jordans total of points is a world _.Chamberlain _ for four different NBA teams.Break head play record dreambrokeheadrecordplayed30.After the game,the funs _ for the

18、 exit.We _ the commentary of the game on a cassette.Has there been a film or a _ about basketball?Many boys _ about playing in the NBA.There was a tenminute _ in the game,because a player was injured.His childhood _ has come true.headedrecordedplaydreambreakdreamBreak head play record dreamBreak hea

19、d play record dream31.happy unhappy（加前（加前缀缀）black adj.（黑）（黑）to blacken v.（使（使变变黑）黑）(加后加后缀缀）名名词词兼兼动词动词的的care的派生的派生词词有：有：careful adj.carefully adv.carefulness n.Grammar(2)32.派生法（派生法（derivation）定定义义：派生法是在一个：派生法是在一个单词单词(词词根根)加上前加上前缀缀(prefix)或后或后缀缀(suffix)，构成一个新，构成一个新单词单词的构的构词词法。法。33.前缀prefix1.non，un，dis

20、，in，im，ir，il +adj/adv/n表否定意表否定意义义 2.2.un,dis+v 表相反表相反3.3.mis+v,表表“错错”“误误”34.35.36.37.38.39.40.7.由前由前缀缀a构成的副构成的副词词前缀a表达了介词at,on,in,away,from,up,to,out的词义。afloat(飘浮着)，abreast(并肩地，并排地)，afoot(在步行中，在进行中)，ashore(上岸，在陆上)，aside(在旁边，到旁边)，aboard(在船上)，afire(燃烧着)。41.42.43.ard,art,表示表示“做做的人的人”coward,laggard,brag

21、gart(夸夸张张者者)44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.-ant,-ent distant,important,excellent-ish boyish,girlish,childish,foolish53.54.4.副副词词后后缀缀-ly 表方式，程度表方式，程度 possibly,swiftly,simply,freely,clearly-ward,-wards 向向.;朝朝.方向方向 downward,upward，forward，eastward；inwards,afterwards-ways 在在.方向，以方向，以.方式方式 always,sideways，cr

22、ossways(交叉地交叉地)-wise 在在.位置，以位置，以.方向方向 otherwise,clockwise(顺时针顺时针方向地方向地)55.56.-ish,表示表示“使，令使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish -ate,表示表示“成成为为，处处理，作用理，作用”separate,operate,indicate 57.用法用法 例例词词n+fulpowerful hopeful wonderful painful beautiful helpfuln.+less构构成成词义词义相反相反的的adjendless homeless careless f

23、earlessn,.+icHistoric artistic fantastic dramatic poeticn.+alNational environmentaln.+iveActive expensive58.用法用法例例词词n.+ousfamous courageous n.+ablecomfortable reasonablen.+iblesensible responsiblen.+y rainy sunny cloudy windyn.+lyfriendly monthly59.2.形容形容词词后后缀缀-able,-ible movable,comfortable,applica

24、ble,visible,responsible-al natural,additional,educational-an,ane urban,suburban,republican-ant,-ent distant,important,excellent-ish boyish,childish-ful beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful-ous dangerous,generous,courageous,various60.4.副副词词后后缀缀-ly possibly,swiftly,simply-ward,-wards downward,inwards,

25、upward-ways always,sideways-wise otherwise,clockwise61.用括号中所用括号中所给单词给单词的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1.If you go by train,you can have quite a _(comfort)journey,but make sure that you take an express train.2.She is a teacher with _(end)patience,so all children in her class like her very fortable endless62.3.After

26、 _(care)consideration we decided to offer you the job.4.She was on _(friend)terms with most of the hospital staff.5.No matter how _(power)the enemy seem,we must fight them to the end.carefulfriendlypowerful63.ExerciseWrite sentences about your favourite sport or pastime.Use as many words as you can

27、from Activity 4.64.高考链接At times,worrying is a normal,_ response to a difficult event or situation a loved one being injured in an accident,for example.A.effective B.individual C.inevitable D.unfavorableThere was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _ give up.A.eventually B.unfortunat

28、elyC.generously D.purposefullyCA65.Complete the sentences with the right forms of the words.1.The Bulls were not as _ as they used to.2.When Yao Ming hurt his head,it was _.3.He had to be very _ when he played after the accident.4.The funs are _ that the team will win.5.Its terrible when we lose,but its 6._ Care hope pain power wonderpowerfulpainfulcarefulhopefulwonderfulWhen we win.66.在括号内写出相应的后缀，使下面的名词变成形容词。1power,hope,wonder,help,use()2artist,poet,history()3comfort,reason,knowledge()4rain,sun,cloud,wind()5friend,month,week()答案：1.ful2.ic3.able4.y5.ly67.