医学影像学:神经系统常见病的影像诊断课件.ppt
《医学影像学:神经系统常见病的影像诊断课件.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《医学影像学:神经系统常见病的影像诊断课件.ppt(81页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、神经系统常见病的影像诊断 Imaging of Common CNS DiseasesT1-Weighted ImageslImages whose design(timing of radio pulses and data readout)is to produce contrast between gray matter,white matter,and CSFThree axial(transaxial or horizontal)slices:Spatial resolution is about 1 mm3Acquisition time for whole head is 5-1
2、0 minutesZooming InlCan follow GM cortex fairly wellCan measure thickness of cortex and try to quantify vs age and/or disease and/or geneslBright spots and lines:arterial inflow artifactLeads to idea of MRA=Magnetic Resonance Angiography=acquire images to make arteries stand out even morelHigher spa
3、tial resolution is possibleAt the cost of scan timeT2-Weighted ImageslOften better than T1-weighting in detecting tumors and infarcts(usually radiologists look at both types of scans)T2*-Weighted ImageslDesigned to make venous blood(with lots of deoxy-hemoglobin)darker than normal tissue=venographyO
4、utput imageminIP 1 sliceminIP 2 slicesImages post-processed to enhance small effectsMRAMRVBrain Activation MapTime series analysis results overlaid on T1-weighted volumeDTI ResultsUnweighted(baseline b=0)imageFractional Anisotropy(FA):Measures how much ADC depends on directionFA Color-coded for fibe
5、r directionality:x=Red y=Greenz=BlueDWI脑肿瘤brain tumor常见颅内肿瘤common intracranial tumors 1、胶质瘤 glioma 2、神经鞘瘤和神经纤维瘤 neurinoma and neurofibroma 3、脑膜肿瘤 meningioma 4、淋巴瘤和造血系统肿瘤 lymphoma 5、生殖细细胞瘤 germinoma 6、鞍区肿瘤 tumors in sella and parasella region 7、转移性肿瘤 metastatic tumor胶质瘤 gliomal星形细胞肿瘤 astrocytoma l胶质母
6、细胞瘤 glioblastomal少突胶质细胞瘤 oligodendrogliomal室管膜瘤 ependymomal混合性胶质瘤 mixed glioma星形细胞肿瘤 astrocytomal 星形细胞肿瘤是颅内常见肿瘤,好发于中青年和儿童,发病部位随年龄而异,儿童多见于后颅窝,成人发病者以幕上居多。按肿瘤分化程度分为四级(级)l 级肿瘤生长缓慢,边缘较清楚,占位及水肿均不明显,CT平扫表现为低密度,MRI T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈均匀高信号,增强检查,无或轻度强化。l 级肿瘤呈弥漫浸润生长,肿瘤轮廓不规则,境界不清,易发生坏死、出血和囊变。肿瘤最常发生于幕上(super-tentori
7、um),可以累及中央区白质结构如胼胝体,或经中线延伸至对侧,呈蝶翼状(aliform)改变。肿瘤占位及水肿均明显。CT平扫常呈混杂低密度,MRI T1WI呈低信号或混杂信号,T2WI呈不均匀或均匀性高信号。增强多呈不规则花环状(race;ring)强化。F,36,反复头痛2年,加重伴恶心、呕吐3天。36 year-old female,repeat headache for 2 years,Symptoms aggravation with nausea and vomiting for 3 days 增强 with contrast injection平扫 plain scan毛细胞星形细胞
8、瘤星形细胞瘤F,51,间歇性呕吐一月余。多形性胶质母细胞瘤脑膜瘤meningeomal脑膜瘤起源于蛛网膜的帽状细胞(arachnoidal codocyte),为颅内常见肿瘤之一,好发于中青年女性。脑膜瘤为脑外肿瘤,血供丰富。可见于:大脑凸面convexity of brain、矢状窦旁parasaggital sinus、嗅沟olfactory groove、蝶骨嵴sphenoidal crest、鞍结节tuberculum sellae、桥小脑角cerebellopontine angle、天幕 tentorium等。IMAGING FINDINGSl CT:平扫肿瘤呈等密度或略高密度,瘤
9、周水肿少见,肿瘤钙化常见,局部颅骨可见增生(hyperplasia)、破坏或颅板(cranium;skull)增厚。增强扫描,病灶显著均匀强化,境界清晰。l MR:T1WI呈等或略低信号,T2WI呈等或略高信号,信号均匀。水肿和占位一般不明显。肿瘤强化显著,有时可见“脑膜尾征”。So called“Tail sign of meninges”l血管造影:显示肿瘤由颈外动脉external carotid artery系统供血,肿瘤染色tumor stain明显。F,42,头部外伤5天,头痛。M,69,头痛,头晕一月余。4个月前曾因胃中分化腺癌手术。moderately differentiat
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 医学影像 神经系统 常见病 影像 诊断 课件
限制150内