教育专题：八年级下册unit8语法课件.ppt

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1、Unit8HaveyoureadTreasure Islandyet?现在完成时态现在完成时态PresentPerfectTenseGrammarFocusHaveyoureadLittle Womenyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.HasTinareadTreasure Islandyet?Yes,shehas.Shethinksitsfantastic.Haveyoudecidedwhichbooktowriteaboutyet?Yes,Ihave.Ivealreadyfinishedreadingit.Itwasreallygood.现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成:

2、现在完成时是由现在完成时是由“助动词助动词have/has+动动词词的过去分词的过去分词”构成构成。助动词要和主语的人。助动词要和主语的人称、数保持一致。称、数保持一致。现在完成时现在完成时1.现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词过去分词助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Haveyou?Hashe?Ihaventreadityet.Shehasntfinishedherhomework.HavetheyreadTreasureIslandyet?Hashedecidedwheretogo?现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法:(1)表示过去发生或已经完成

3、的某一动作对现在造成的影表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果响或结果IhavealreadyreadTreasureIsland.Ihavereturnedthebooktothelibrary.Ihaveboughtanewhouse.现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:(1)用副词用副词already和和yet。already一般用于一般用于肯定句中肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.Wehaventfinishedourhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinis

4、heddoingyourhomeworkyet?(2)用用ever和和never。多用于否定或疑问句中。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示表示“曾经曾经”或或“从未从未”等。等。HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？你曾经去过长城吗？No,IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.不不,我从未去过长城。我从未去过长城。No,never.不，不，从来没有。从来没有。现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:(3)用副词用副词just和和before。Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.Theyhavenevervisitedth

5、eGreatWallbefore.HaveyoueverbeentoHongKongbefore?(4)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如如sofar/uptonow,inthepast/lastfewyears等等。SofarwehavelearnedsevenunitsDeqinghaschangedalotinthepast/lastfewyears.(1).for+表示表示一段一段时间的短语时间的短语(2).since+表示表示过去时间点过去时间点的词语的词语(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语表示过去时间的时间状语从句从句eg.Ihavebeena

6、teacher_24years.Ihavebeenateacher_1990.Ihavebeenateacher_24yearsagoforsincesinceIhavebeenateacher_Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.since(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有也可能仍然在进行。常带有for和和since等表示一段时间的状语等表示一段时间的状语。现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词英语动词根据词义

7、可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。止性的。终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如:open,close,become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,die,leave,go,come,join,marry,start,stop等。等。Ihavealreadyborrowedabook.Ihaveborrowedabookfortwoweeks.终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续不能再延续,所以它的现在所以

8、它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语即不能与表示一段时间的状语,如如for+时间段、时间段、since+时间点时间点/从句连用从句连用,也不能用在也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句。引导的特殊疑问句。以下是常用的瞬间性动词以下是常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词转换对应表和延续性动词转换对应表:comebe(in)buyhaveborrowkeepleavebeawaydiebedeadstopbeoverbegin/startbeonopen-beopenclose-beclosedIhaveboughtthiscarfor

9、twoyears.since2012.Ihavehadthiscarfortwoyears.since2012.若保留若保留for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点/从句从句,或用在或用在howlong句型中句型中,则需将则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。不能说不能说:*HehascometoBeijingfortwoyears.*Hehasboughtthatbookforthreeweeks.*HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears.*Hisgrandmahasdiedforninemonth

10、s.Hehasgotupfor5minutes.可以说可以说:HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks.Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears.Hisgrandmahasbeendeadforninemonths.Hehasbeenupfor5minutes.1.Iborrowedthelibrarybooktwodaysago.1.Iborrowedthelibrarybooktwodaysago.I_thelibrarybook_twodays.I_thelibrarybook

11、_twodays.2.Themeetingstartedtenminutesago.2.Themeetingstartedtenminutesago.A.Themeeting_A.Themeeting_tenminutesago._tenminutesago.B.Themeeting_B.Themeeting_tenminutes._tenminutes.havekepthavekeptforforhasbeenonhasbeenonhasbeenonhasbeenonsincefor同义句同义句3.MybrotherjoinedthePartylastyear.3.Mybrotherjoin

12、edthePartylastyear.A.Mybrother_A.Mybrother_thePartysincelastyear._thePartysincelastyear.B.Mybrother_B.Mybrother_partymembersincelastyear.partymembersincelastyear.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He_He_Nanjingfortwoyears.Nanjingfortwoyears.hasbeenhasbeenininhasbeenahasbeenahasbee

13、nawayfromhasbeenawayfrom5.Thatdogdiedlastmonth.5.Thatdogdiedlastmonth.Thatdog_sincelastmonth.Thatdog_sincelastmonth.6.Hehashadthebikefortwoyears.6.Hehashadthebikefortwoyears.A.Twoyears_sincehe_thebike.A.Twoyears_sincehe_thebike.B.Its_sincehe_thebike.B.Its_sincehe_thebike.C.He_thebiketwoyears_.C.He_t

14、hebiketwoyears_.hasbeendeadhasbeendeadhaspassedhaspassedboughtboughttwoyearsboughttwoyearsboughtboughtagoboughtago1、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部对划线部分提问分提问)_havetheybeenhere?2、Theoldman_lastyear.(die/dead)He_forayear.(die/dead)（选词填空）（选词填空）3、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义同义句转换句转换)Thisfactory_f

15、ortwentyyears.Howlongdiedhasbeenopenhasbeendead4、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句同义句转换转换)MissGao_anhour.5、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）（同义句）Hermother_thePartythreeyears_.hasbeenawayforjoinedago改写句子改写句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather_just_thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChine

16、sein2001.He_Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.Itstwoyears_he_themotorbike.He_themotorbiketwoyears_.Twoyears_sincehe_themotorbike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought 现在完成时：现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的

17、某一动作表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990in 1990，last last Sunday Sunday 等）。等）。一般过去时：一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。它

18、可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：与一般过去时的区别：3.现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在与现在的结果无关。的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：的区别举例如下：Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。我已经打扫过我的房间了。Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)我上周打扫了我

19、的房间。我上周打扫了我的房间。FatherhasgonetoAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸已经去厦门了。爸爸已经去厦门了。Theyhaveboughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)他们买了一本字典。他们买了一本字典。1.I_heardofthatstorybefore.1.I_heardofthatstorybefore.A.donthaveB.nothaveC.havenotD.nottohaveA.donthaveB.nothaveC.havenotD.nottohav

20、e2.Shesneverbeentothatfactory,_?2.Shesneverbeentothatfactory,_?A.issheB.wassheC.doessheD.hassheA.issheB.wassheC.doessheD.hasshe3.Haveyoumadedumplings_?No,Ihavent.3.Haveyoumadedumplings_?No,Ihavent.A.justnowB.yesterdayC.agoD.beforeA.justnowB.yesterdayC.agoD.before4.Tom_illsincelastnight.4.Tom_illsinc

21、elastnight.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.beA.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.be5.Howlonghaveyou_Nanjing?5.Howlonghaveyou_Nanjing?A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wenttoA.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wenttoCDDCC6.HowmanytimeshasJim_thatpark?Twice.6.HowmanytimeshasJim_thatpark?Twice.A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wenttoA.gonetoB.beentoC.been

22、inD.wentto7.Ive_thisdictionaryforhalfayear.7.Ive_thisdictionaryforhalfayear.A.boughtB.hadC.A.boughtB.hadC.lendedlendedD.borrowedD.borrowed8.Shewontgotothecinemathiseveningbecauseshe8.Shewontgotothecinemathiseveningbecauseshe_thefilmbefore._thefilmbefore.A.hasseenB.sawC.seesD.isseeingA.hasseenB.sawC.

23、seesD.isseeingBBA句型句型转换转换1.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.I_myhomework.(改改为为否否定定句句)_you_yourhomework?(改改为为一般疑一般疑问问句并作肯定回答句并作肯定回答)Yes，_.答案：答案：1.haventfinishedHave；finished；Ihave2.Hisdreamhascometrue.(改改为为一一般般疑疑问问句并作否定回答句并作否定回答)-_hisdream_true?-No，_.答案答案：2.Has；come；ithasnt 4aUsethewordsinbracketstocompleteth

24、econversations.1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks._.(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey._?(find)B:No,notyet.IhavejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufoundit3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:_.(already/leave)A:When_?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No._.(already

25、/seethefilm)HehasalreadyleftdidheleaveShehasalreadyseenthefilm5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I_.(not/tellthem/yet)haventtoldthemyetWhyisMr.Yangstillintheteachersoffice?Maybehe_hisworkyet.A.doesntfinishB.hasntfinishedC.haventfinishedB4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebracke

26、ts.Sally_(love)reading.Inthemorningshereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She_already_(read)morethan100differentbooks.Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimaginewhattheworld_(be)likein50years.loveshasreadwillbeShe_(finish)readingabookaboutr

27、obotslastweekand_(write)abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe_(notread)yetandshecantwaittoreadthem.finishedwillwritehasntread4cCompletethechartwithinformationaboutyouandyourfriend.A:Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread?B:IhavealreadyreadTomSawyeran

28、dHarryPotter.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthem?B:Well,IthinkHarryPotterwasexciting,butTomSawyerwasabitboring.YouYour friendCommentsBooks I have already readMovies I have already seenSongs I have already heard单项选择。单项选择。()1.Haveyoutakenoutthetrash,Belly?_.Illdoitrightaway.A.Sorry,IhaveB.No,IdidntC.No,IdontD.Noty

29、et()2.Haveyou_visitedShanghai?No,_.A.ever;notB.never;notC.ever;neverD.never;everDC()3.Couldyougototheparkwithmethisafternoon?Sorry,I_there.Iwentthereyesterday.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.was()4.Haveyouwashedyourclothes_?No,Ihavent.ButIhavecleanedtheroom_.A.ago;alreadyB.yet;yetC.before;yetD.yet;alrea

30、dyBD()5.Iamasoldier.I_thearmy_aboutfiveyears.A.havejoined;sinceB.havejoined;forC.havebeenin;forD.havebeenin;sinceC(2010.河北省卷河北省卷,41.1)Mybrotherleftschoolin2005,andsincethenheinBeijing.A.lives B.livedC.willliveD.haslived(2010湖北省黄冈市，湖北省黄冈市，35，1)-IjoinedtheLeague_May,2008.Whataboutyou?-IvebeenaLeagueme

31、mber_threeyears.A.in;forB.on;inC.on;forD.in;sinceDASofarmanynewhouses_inWenchuangwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt答案：答案：D【解解析析】考考查查动动词词的的时时态态。句句中中有有Sofar“到到目前为止目前为止”，使用现在完成时态，故选，使用现在完成时态，故选D。一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：。如：pic

32、kpickedpicked;wishwishedwished;staystayedstayed2.以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加结尾的动词后面加d。如：。如：likelikedliked;hopehopedhoped;phonephonedphoned3.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变结尾的动词，变y为为i，再加，再加-ed。如：。如：studystudiedstudied;hurryhurriedhurried;replyrepliedreplied4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加词，要双写辅音字母，再加-e

33、d。如：。如：stopstoppedstopped;clapclappedclapped不规则变化：不规则变化：5.以不变应万变以不变应万变。如：。如：letletlet;putputput;readreadread6.若中间有双写若中间有双写e，则去掉一个，则去掉一个e，单词，单词末尾再加末尾再加t。如：。如：feelfeltfelt;keepkeptkept;sleepsleptslept7.结尾的字母结尾的字母d变变t。如：。如：lendlentlent;buildbuiltbuilt;sendsentsent8.变为以变为以-ought或或-aught结尾结尾。如：。如：buyboug

34、htbought;bringbroughtbrought;catchcaughtcaught;teachtaughttaught句式句式1.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词过去分词(+其他其他)2.否定句：主语否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去过去分词分词(+其他其他)3.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：have/has+主语主语+过去过去分词分词(+其他其他)4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：1)特殊疑问词特殊疑问词(不是句子主语不是句子主语)+have/has2)+主语主语+过去分词过去分词(+其他其他)2)特殊疑问词特殊疑问词(是句子主语是句子主语)+have/has+过去

35、分词过去分词(+其他其他)1.Writetheformsofthepasttenseandpastparticiple:drink_see_find_leave_tell_drankdrunksawseenfoundfoundleftlefttoldtold()【2013广西贵港广西贵港】DoyouknowthemovieLost in Thailand?Yes.I_ittwice.Itsfunny.A.sawB.seeC.haveseenD.willseeC()【2013黑龙江牡丹江黑龙江牡丹江】Lunch?No,thanks.I_.A.willeatB.ameatingC.haveeate

36、n()【2013湖北黄冈湖北黄冈】WhereisTom?Wecantfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe_home.A.hascomeB.isgoingC.wentD.wasgoingCA already一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示惊讶，出乎意料。常放于句中，实义动词之前，助动词之后。yet一般用于否定句或疑问句。常放在句尾，not yet常用在答语中，意为“尚未；还没有”。e.g.Ihaventseenherthesedays.IveknownBobforthreeyears.Ivebeenatthisschoolforovertwoyears.时间状语时间状语2.表示动作

37、或状态从过去某一时刻开始，表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。fortwoyearssincetwodaysagosince2012sinceIcamehere现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法:(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果响或结果Haveyouhadlunchyet?Yes,Ivejusthadit.常使用常使用already,yet,ever,never,just,before等时间副词。等时间副词。-Notyet.-No,Ihaventhadityet.