美国历史简介中英对照课件.ppt
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1、 A Brief History of the United StatesIntroductionThe Discovery of AmericaThe War of IndependenceWestward ExpansionThe American Civil WarThe Great DepressionThe World War IIIntroduction to British and American Culture1.在两万多年前在两万多年前,有一批来自有一批来自亚洲的流浪者洲的流浪者,经由北美到由北美到中南美洲中南美洲,这些人就是些人就是印第安人印第安人Indians的祖先。的
2、祖先。2.2.大大约1 1万年前万年前,又有另一批又有另一批亚洲人洲人,移居到北美北部移居到北美北部,这是后来的是后来的爱斯基摩人斯基摩人Eskimo3.3.最早到美洲的白种人大概是最早到美洲的白种人大概是维京人京人 the Vikings,他他们是一群喜好冒是一群喜好冒险的捕的捕渔人。人。4.4.14921492年年1010月月1212日日 哥哥伦布布发现美洲大美洲大陆(十五世十五世纪)。)。Before the Colonial PeriodThe Discovery of AmericaColumbus In1492,ColumbuslandedatoneoftheCaribbean(加
3、勒比海)islands.ColumbuscalledthelocalpeopleIndians.Introduction to British and American CultureAmerigo Vespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇(意大利航海家,商人,美洲新大陆以其命名为阿美利哥韦斯普奇(意大利航海家,商人,美洲新大陆以其命名为 America)Hefirstconfirmedthefactthatanewcontinenthadbeendiscovered.TheNewWorldwasnamedAmericatohonorAmerigoVespucci.Introduction to Br
4、itish and American CultureThe Colonial Period1.一个102人的殖民团体,在乞沙比克海滩建立了詹姆士詹姆士镇镇,这是英国在北美所建的第一个永久性殖民地。(五月花号公五月花号公约约)2.每逢11月第四个星期四,美国人民便迎来了自己最重要的传统民俗节日感恩感恩节节。3.18世世纪纪中叶中叶,13个英国殖民地逐渐形成,他们在英国的最高主权下有各自的政府和议会.这13个殖民区因气候和地理环境的差异,造成了各地经济形态、政治制度与观念上的差别。The First Permanent English Colony In1607Threeshipscrossedt
5、heAtlanticOceanandlandedbythesideofariver-theJamesRiver 杰姆斯河.ThefirstEnglishcolonywasfoundedatJamestown詹姆斯顿,Virginia维吉尼亚州.Introduction to British and American Culture感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年,著名的“五月花号五月花号”船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天,他们遇到了难以想像的困难,处在饥寒交迫之中,冬天过后,活下来的移民只剩50来人。基于“来者是客”的信
6、念与习俗,印第安人印第安人给这些移民送来了生活必需品,并且教导他们狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜等等生存方法。在印第安人的帮助下,来自欧陆的新移民逐渐习惯了在当地的生存方式。在欢庆丰收的日子,欧陆新移民邀请印第安人一同感谢上天的赐予。许多人认为,美国第一个感恩节就是印第安人与新移民第一次齐聚感谢上天赐予的那一天。今天,在美国人心目中,感恩节是比圣诞节还要重要的节日。首先,它是一个长达4天的假日,足以使人们尽情狂欢、庆祝。其次,它也是传统的家庭团聚的日子。感恩节期间,散居在他乡外地的家人,都要赶回家过节,这已经成了全国性的习俗。此外,美国人一年中最重视的一餐,就是感恩节的晚宴。在美国这个生活节奏很快
7、,竞争激烈的国度里,平日的饮食极为简单。美国的快餐流行世界,就是一个很好的说明。但在感恩节的夜晚,家家户户都大办筵席,物品之丰盛,令人咋舌。在节日的餐桌上,上至总统,下至庶民,火鸡和南瓜饼都是必备的。这两味“珍品”体现了美国人民忆及先民开拓艰难、追思第一个感恩节的怀旧情绪。因此,感恩节也被称为“火鸡节”。The Origin of Thanks Giving DayIn 1620,the settlers,or Pilgrims,After a two-month voyage they landed at in icy November,what is now Plymouth,Massac
8、husetts.During their first winter,over half of the settlers died of starvation or epidemics.Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety,knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harve
9、st.Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations.And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed.Years later,President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year.The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has be
10、en observed on that date until today.The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years.The big family dinner is planned months ahead.On the dinner table,people will find apples,oranges,walnuts and grapes.There will be plum pudding,mince pie,other varieties of food and c
11、ranberry juice and squash.The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie.They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.The Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuringthefirst150years,theBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericabecamea“meltin
12、gpot”.Bytheearly1760s,Englishsettlershadestablished13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.Introduction to British and American CultureThe Birth of the United States nThe Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsnThe War of IndependenceIntroduction to British and American CultureThe Conflict betwe
13、en Britain and the American ColonistsnBackgroundqTheBritishgovernmentstartedimposingnewtaxesonsugar,coffeeandtextiles(纺织业).qTheypassedmanylawssuchastheQuarteringAct(驻军法案)andtheStampAct(印花税法).Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 nBackground qIn1773,Britishgovernmentpas
14、sedanewlaw-theTeaAct茶叶法.nSlogan q“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”n“没有代表权,就不得征税”是独立战争期间北美殖民地人民喊出的最为响亮的口号。这句口号原本是英国政治的基本原则,在英国贵族与王室的斗争中使用过,但独立战争期间被殖民者用来捍卫自己的权利。Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 nBackground qIn1773,Britishgovernmentpassedanewlaw-theTeaAct茶叶法.nSlogan
15、q“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 nTimeqDecember16,1773nEvent qAgroupofAmericansthrew342boxesofteaintoBostonHarbor(波士顿港)波士顿倾茶事件(BostonTeaParty)英国议会大怒,通过一系列被殖民地视为不可容忍的法令。英王对北美人民反抗的血腥镇压,使殖民地人民与英国王室和解的幻想彻底破灭,“要求独立”成为北美殖民地人民的普遍呼声。Intro
16、duction to British and American CultureThe War of IndependenceTime 17751783Result TheBritishsoldierswereforcedtosurrender.Consequences GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresident.The4thofJulybecamethenationalholidayofAmerica-theIndependenceDay.Introduction to British and American CultureTheDeclarationof
17、Independence独立宣言OnJuly4,1776theSecondContinentalCongressofficiallydeclaredindependenceandformedtheUnitedStatesofAmericabyadoptingtheDeclarationofIndependence,writtenbyThomasJefferson托马斯杰斐逊ofVirginia维吉尼亚.ThomasJeffersonanAmericanFoundingFather,theprincipalauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.美利坚合众国第三
18、任总统(1801年1809年)TheDeclarationofIndependence独立宣言July4iscelebratedasthenationsbirthdayThe4thofJulybecamethenationalholidayofAmerica-theIndependenceDay The War of Independence Complete a Timeline1763:The French and Indian War ended 1773:_1774:The First Continental Congress 大陆会议 1775:_1776:_ 1783:_ Bost
19、on Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence endedIntroduction to British and American CultureTheFoundingofaNewNation美利坚合众国宪法(TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates),又称为美国宪法(U.S.Constitution)。美国宪法是世界上第一部成文宪法。1787年5月,美国各州(当时为13个)代表在费城(Phila
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