教育专题：定语从句课件---中考复习.ppt

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1、定语从句定语从句 The Attributive ClauseWhich one is Harry Porter?定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。充当定语成分的句子称为定语从句。Mary is a beautiful girl 形容词作定语形容词作定语The man in the car is his father.介词短语作定语The student dressed in white is my daughter.过去分词作定语定语从句定语从句（The Attributive Clause）一一 概念概念 定语从句（定语从句（

2、Attributive Clauses）在）在句中做句中做定语定语，修饰一个，修饰一个名词或代词名词或代词，被修饰的名词被修饰的名词,词组或代词即词组或代词即先行词先行词。定语从句通常出现定语从句通常出现在先行词之后在先行词之后，由，由关系词关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。（关系代词或关系副词）引出。从句位置：先行词之后从句位置：先行词之后 关系词的作用关系词的作用 1.连接作用，引导定语从句。连接作用，引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter

3、 The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 who that which where when why whom whose二二 关系词的用法关系词的用法1.关系代词关系代词 who that 主语主语/宾语宾语 先行词是先行词是人人 whom 宾语宾语 先行词是先行词是物物 which/that 主语主语/宾语宾语 that 先行词是先行词是人和物人和物 whose 作先行词定语作先行词定语关系代词Try it指出关系代词在句子中的成分指出关系代词在句子中的成

4、分1.He is the man(whom/that)I saw yesterday.2.The book(which)my sisiter gave me is very interesting 3.He lives in a room whose window faces south 4.The girl who/that came to our clase is Liming 5.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.宾语定语宾语定语主语三三 如何选定定语从句关系词如何选定定语从句关系词1.分辨主句和定语从句分辨主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的

5、先行词（确定定语从句的先行词（人人/物物/人和人和物）物）3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语句中充当的成分（主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 状语）状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定主语，宾语或定语语则用则用关系代词关系代词，如果做，如果做状语状语则用则用关关系副词系副词。用关系代用关系代词填空：填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.clock is a machine _ tells people the time.3.Th

6、is is shirt _ I bought yesterday.4.This is the boy with _he talkedwho that which that which that whomwho whom whose that 用法区别用法区别1.who指人，在从句中做指人，在从句中做主语主语或或宾语宾语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.The boys are from Class One分解分解 The boys are playing football 做主语做主语2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当指

7、人，在定语从句中充当宾语，宾语，常可省略。常可省略。Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.Mr.Liu is the person 分解分解 You talked with the person 注意：关系代词注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式在口语和非正式语体中常用语体中常用who代替，可省略。代替，可省略。作宾语作宾语若介词放在关系代词前，关系若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词代词指人时用指人时用whom，不可用，不可用who或者或者that，也不能省略，也不能省略The man with you talked is my friend.The

8、 man you talked with is my friend.whom（whom/who/that）3.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语语 I know the boy whose father is a doctor.I know the boy分解分解 The boys father is a doctor 作定语作定语4.that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who 或者或者whom；指物时，相当于；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 Where is t

9、he man that/whom I saw this morning?A plane is a machine that can fly.which 和和 that的用法的用法which和和that通常指物，既可以作主语通常指物，既可以作主语也可以作宾语，作宾语可以省略。也可以作宾语，作宾语可以省略。(1)Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which/that)he bought yesterday.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语which 和和 that的区别的区别只能用只能用that的情

10、况的情况This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read.This is the first play that i have seen since i came here This is the very book that belongs to him 1.当当形容词最高级形容词最高级和和序数词序数词修饰先行词时修饰先行词时2.先行词被先行词被the very,the only,the last,the same 修饰时修饰时Pay attention to everything that I doThe teacher wants

11、to teach us all that he knows.I have read all the books that you lent me3.当先行词是当先行词是everything,something,anything,nothing,all,little,much 等时等时4.当先行词被当先行词被no,all,any,little,every,some 修饰时修饰时Whats the name of the animals that jumps aboutWhich is the bike that you lost?They had a long talk about the pe

12、rsons and things that they both knew5,.当先行词是有生命的动物或人时，当先行词是有生命的动物或人时，宜使用宜使用that而不是而不是which6.当主句中已有疑问词当主句中已有疑问词who或或which时，时，要用关系代词要用关系代词that。7.当先行词同时指人和物时当先行词同时指人和物时只用只用which的情况的情况1.在介词后面的关系代词在介词后面的关系代词The picture for which he paid$1,000 was once owned by a duke.2.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有已

13、有which,另一个宜用另一个宜用that。相反，。相反，如果其中一个为如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用，另一个宜用which。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.引导定语从句的关系代词总结引导定语从句的关系代词总结主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人指物指物指人和物指人和物whothat whomwhosewhichthatthatwhose that thatwhose关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个语，当

14、一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词特定的关系副词。1.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。状语。This is the hospital my mother works.where关系副词关系副词when,where,why的的用法以及与关系代词的区分。用法以及与关系代词的区分。2 表时间名词表时间名词+when+定语从句。定语从句。when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I will never forget the day I first met you a

15、t school.whenwhen where和和why都可以替换成都可以替换成“介介词词+which”Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?This is the room in which we lived last year.Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Marys birthday party.(on which=when)(in which=where)(for which=why)关系副词 when=on(in duri

16、ng.)which where=in(in front of.)which why=for which 关系副词 1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.who/thatWhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.which/thatthatthatthat