教育专题：名词及主谓一致.ppt

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1、名词及主谓一致名词及主谓一致By Ljh,No.4 Senior School普通普通名词名词 专有名词专有名词:London,Zhongshan Park the Yellow River,个体名词：个体名词：tree,city,teacher集体名词：集体名词：class,family,society 物质名词：物质名词：paper,bread,light抽象名词：抽象名词：truth,health,music名名 词词 可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词 请说出：请说出：可数名词复数变化规则可数名词复数变化规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box

2、-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs名词复数变化规则名词复数变化规则例词例词1 一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-fami

3、lies,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元

4、音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8 以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,请说出：请说出：可数名词复数不规则变化可数名词复数不规则变化（二）不规则名词复数（二）不规则名词复数 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：不规则变化不规则变化例词例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2 单复数相同sheep,deer,series,mean

5、s,works,fish,species,li,yuan,jin3 只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents规则规则例词例词4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6 复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关)

6、,forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law

7、,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers,men servants名词复数特别记名词复数特别记 1.handkerchief handkerchiefs(手帕手帕)roof roofs (屋顶屋顶)chief chiefs(领袖领袖)gulf gulfs(海湾海湾)belief beliefs(信仰信仰)cliff cliffs(悬崖悬崖)2.一个一个小偷小偷的的妻子妻子从从书架书架上拿起上拿起半片叶子

8、半片叶子和一和一把把小刀小刀杀死了一匹杀死了一匹狼狼。一个有一个有信仰信仰的的领袖领袖拿着拿着手绢手绢站站在在屋顶屋顶上远望着上远望着海湾海湾前的前的悬崖悬崖。(f/feves:thief,wife,shelf,half,leaf,knife,wolf)3.“某国人某国人”的单复数顺口溜的单复数顺口溜:Chinese,Japanese,Englishmen,Frenchmen,Americans,Rusians 中日友谊都不变，中日友谊都不变，英法联盟英法联盟a变变e，其余直接加其余直接加s。4.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。spirit(精神精神

9、)spirits()coffee(咖啡咖啡)coffees()game(游戏游戏)games()manner(方式方式)manners ()time(时间时间)times ()wood(木材木材)woods ()interest(兴趣兴趣)interests()paper(纸纸)papers ()people(人们人们)peoples()work(工作工作)works ()心情心情几杯咖啡几杯咖啡运动会运动会礼貌礼貌时代时代森林森林利益利益报纸报纸,文件文件民族民族著作著作练习练习2：把下列可数名词变复数：把下列可数名词变复数1.Chinese 2.tomato3.deer 4.tooth5.

10、bus-driver 6.grown-up7.father-in-law 8.a woman teacher9.mouse 10.ox11.roof 12.chief13.leaf 14.her boy friend15.work 16.mother17.Frenchman 18.German练习练习3：物质名词量的表示法：物质名词量的表示法 1.一则新闻一则新闻 2.两张纸两张纸 3.三套家具三套家具 4.四箱鸡蛋四箱鸡蛋5.五束花五束花 6.六瓶啤酒六瓶啤酒a piece of newstwo sheets of paperthree sets of furniturefour boxes

11、 of eggsfive bunches of flowerssix bottles of beer 名词的所有格名词的所有格 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构构成，二是由介词成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。（一）（一）s所有格的构成：所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father,Jacks book,her son-in-laws photo复数名

12、词一般在末尾加the teachers room,the twins mother不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys,womens rights以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels,Charless job,the Smiths house（一）（一）s所有格的构成：所有格的构成：表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems,Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems,Jane and Marys father表

13、示“某人家”“店铺”，所有格后名词省略the doctors,the barbers,the tailors,my uncles（二）（二）s所有格的用法：所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper,five weeks holiday2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere,the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan,the worlds population,Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew,majoritys view,the teams victory（二）（二）s

14、所有格的用法：所有格的用法：5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey,five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time,the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view,a stones throw,at ones wits end(不知所措)（三）（三）of所有格的用法：所有格的用法：1.用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair,the cover of the book2.用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year

15、 students3.用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed练习练习4：翻译：翻译 1.爱丽丝的画爱丽丝的画2.新年新年3.在理发店在理发店4.两个小时的谈话两个小时的谈话5.房间的窗户房间的窗户6.白求恩大夫的死白求恩大夫的死7.坐在江堤上的那个女孩坐在江堤上的那个女孩Alices paintingsNew Years Dayat the barberstwo hours talk /a two-hour talkthe window of the roomthe death of Dr.Norman BethuneThe girl sitting on

16、the bank of the river四、名词的句法功能四、名词的句法功能句子句子成分成分例例 句句备备 注注 The workers here work hard.名名词词作定作定语语的原的原则则：1.表示材料或性表示材料或性质质，如：，如：apple trees苹果苹果树树 cloth shoes布鞋布鞋 paper money纸币纸币 stone bridges石石桥桥2.表示作用或用途，如：表示作用或用途，如：coffee cup咖啡杯咖啡杯 fire wall防火防火墙墙 evening dress晚礼服晚礼服 My uncle is an engineer.Bob,our mo

17、nitor,is a smart boy.Wait a minute,Ill call her.1)That lady wears a gold necklace.2)His plastic shoes are broken.主语主语表语表语同位语同位语状语状语定语定语名词的句法功能名词的句法功能句子句子成分成分例例 句句备备 注注1)That lady wears a gold necklace.2)His plastic shoes are broken.3.3.family tree 家谱家谱 post office 邮局邮局 team leader 组长组长sports meeting

18、 运动会运动会men cooks 男厨师男厨师goods train 货运列车货运列车 parents meeting 家长会家长会Her aunt bought her an umbrella.The boss gave Bob some money.I majored in English at college.They elected James chairman.Friends,come here,please.定语定语宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语独立成分独立成分用所给单词的正确形式填空用所给单词的正确形式填空1._(witness)said the _(attack)started

19、firing outside the bank before they walked in the front door.2.Thanks to the campaign,public _(aware)of agricultural product quality and food _(safe)_(strength).3.Though not so popular as before,the custom is still kept by people in many places,who _(regard)it as a _(necessary)to _(marry)procedure.W

20、itnesses attackers awareness safety is strengthened regard necessity marriage 4.When a long reading _(assign)is given,_(instruct)expect students to be familiar with the _(inform)in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an _(examine).assignment instructors information examinatio

21、n 5.The exciting result filled us with _(proud).6.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her elder_(sister).pridesisters7.He has never shown much _(consider)for his wifes feelings.8.His _(fortunate)gave him great help in the exams.9.Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my _(tooth).10.He gained his

22、_(wealthy)by printing _(work)of famous writers.11.I dont like the _in which you laugh at her.considerationfortuneteethwealthworksway 单句改错单句改错1.Hearing the news,the woman burst into tear.2.Hes getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.3.Theres a papers factory near our school.tear

23、 改为改为 tears，因，因 tear 为可数名词，不要误认为可数名词，不要误认为它是不可数名词。为它是不可数名词。furnitures 改为改为 furniture，因它是不可数名词。，因它是不可数名词。papers 改为改为 paper，表示，表示“纸厂纸厂”、“纸花纸花”、“纸飞机纸飞机”等，直接用等，直接用 paper 作定语。作定语。4.As the day went by,she became less anxious.5.Their word were a great encouragement to me.day 改为 days，句意为“随着时间的推移，她变得不那么焦急了”，

24、此处的 day 应用复数。word 改为改为 words，表示所说的话。，表示所说的话。语法填空语法填空 Some years ago,SARS broke out in the mainland of China,causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to _1_(die).The most important thing for the _2_(govern)to do is to find out the cause of this deadly _(ill).They invited all the most expe

25、rts in this field to discuss and quite a few_4_(suggest)were put forward.Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tested them to see whether they were available.Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one _5_(patience)who was seriously ill and had little hope of _6_(pick)up and had the new _7_(me

26、dical)tested on him.deathgovernmentillnesssuggestionspatientpickingmedicineTo his great _8_(joyful),this patient recovered!He made his way to his _9_(official)and telephoned to the top official,telling him this exciting news.For _10_(convenient),he moved to live in his office.His method did make sen

27、se.Not soon after that,the other hospital also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.joyofficeconvenience主谓一致主谓一致当当主语主语是如下情况时，谓语动词常用是如下情况时，谓语动词常用复数复数1.复数名词、代词复数名词、代词 They have never seen such a kind a man.2.集体名词表示成集体名词表示成员时员时The police are running after the thief.3.the+形容词表形容词表示

28、一类人或物示一类人或物The rich are not always happy.4.the+姓的复数姓的复数形式形式The whites are going to London this week.5.and 并列两个从并列两个从句句/动名词动名词/不定式不定式Playing basketball and reading books are my favourite.当当主语主语是如下情况时，谓语动词常用是如下情况时，谓语动词常用单数单数1.不可数名词不可数名词Some water is in the bottle.2.集体名词表示整体时集体名词表示整体时His family isnt la

29、rge.3.时间时间/距离距离/长度长度/价格价格Ten minutes is enough.4.单个从句单个从句/动名词动名词/不定式不定式When and where to go is not decided.5.news/means 等形复等形复 意单意单Bad news has wings.6.This pair of+复数复数 名词名词This pair of shoes needs repaired.7.each/either/neither +of+复数名词复数名词Each of us has a dictionary8.many a/more than one/either/n

30、either +单数名词单数名词Many a student has seen this film.9.every+单数单数+and +every+单数单数Each boy and each girl was born equal.10.两个名词由两个名词由and 连连 接接(共一个冠词共一个冠词)，指同一人或事指同一人或事Bread and butter is served for breakfast.The poet and artist is my father.主谓一致难点突破主谓一致难点突破1.Mary,together with her friends lives abroad.2

31、.Forty percent of the money has been used up.Forty percent of the workers are women.3.This kind of flowers is common.Many kinds of animals are dangerous.4.A quantity of trees has been dead since then.A quantities of trees have been dead since then.(with,besides,but,including,as well as,rather than,e

32、xcept)half of,part of,the rest of,most of,plenty of sort,type,pair4.The number of the teachers here is about 260.A number of teachers are watching hard everyday.5.One or two books are needed.One book or two is/are needed.6.None of the bread has gone bad.None of us have been to Beijing.7.All is going

33、 well./All have gone to Bejing.8.What I need is money.What I need are books.9.One of the boys has ever been there.He is one of the boys who have been there.He is the only one of the boys who has been there.10.就近原则就近原则就近原则就近原则 1.Fans or an air-conditioner is necessary for the laboratory.2.Neither the

34、 students nor the teacher knows anything about it.3.Not only the workers but the manager objects to the change.4.There is a book,two pencils and some paper on the desk.根据主谓一致原则，将括号内的动词变成适当形根据主谓一致原则，将括号内的动词变成适当形式填空式填空1.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.（

35、be）2.Mr.Green,together with his students,_ on the project day and night.(work)3.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to a good university.(hope)has been is working hopes 4.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(play)5.Clothes of this kind _

36、 well.(sell)6.When and where to go _(be)not decided.7.Where to go and how to get there _(be)still unknown.8.To try and fail _(be)better than not to.9.To mean to do something and to actually do something _(be)two different things.10.A fork and knife _(be)on the table.isareareisisplays sell 11.The tea

37、cher and headmaster _(be)in the office at the moment.12.The teacher and the headmaster _(be)in the office at the moment.13.Bread and butter _(be)a daily food in the west.14.Steam and ice _(be)different forms of water.15.The poor woman with her two children _(be)seen begging in a street corner.16.Air

38、 as well as water _(be)matter.17.Nobody but Jane and Mary _(know)the secret.arewasisknowsisisis18.Many a teacher and many a student _(have)taken part in the heated discussion.19.The students each _(have)a dictionary now.20.No teacher and no student _(want)to see the film.21.The number of people invi

39、ted _(be)fifty,but a number of them _(be)absent from yesterdays party.22.A large quantity of money _(have)been wasted on it.23.Large quantities of money _(have)been wasted on it.hashavehashavewantswaswere24.This kind of books _(be)good for children while books of that kind _(be)not.25.Every means _(

40、have)been tried.26.Some folk _(be)never satisfied with what they have already had.27.One dollar and eight-seven cents _(be)all she had.28.The class _(be)in the charge of Mr.Li.29.It was you not I,who _(be)to blame.30.Two hours _(be)not long enough for this test.isarearewasisarehasis根据提示，补全下列句子。根据提示，

41、补全下列句子。1.The number of the girl students in that school_(比比少少)that of the boy students.2.Tom is the only one of the students who _(打算去游泳打算去游泳)this afternoon.3.Mary as well as her sisters _(正在学汉语正在学汉语)in China.4.Every boy and every girl _ (希望去参加这个晚会希望去参加这个晚会).5.Alice,together with two boys,_(受受到了惩罚到了

42、惩罚)for having broken the rule.is smaller thanis going to swimis studying Chinesewishes to attend the evening partywas punished6.The League secretary and the monitor _ (被告知来参加这个会议被告知来参加这个会议)this afternoon.7.The police _(正在寻找正在寻找)the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.8.What yo

43、u said just now _(和和.无关无关)the matter we are discussing.were told to attend the meetingwere searching forhas nothing to do with 请学习上面主谓一致的用法，翻译下面的短请学习上面主谓一致的用法，翻译下面的短文：（要求用上文：（要求用上not onlybut also,together with,each等词）等词）汤姆是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅汤姆是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅他的班主任，他的同学们也都很喜欢他，因为他的班主任，他的同学们也都很喜欢他，因为他又聪明

44、又幽默。他有一个幸福的家。他和他他又聪明又幽默。他有一个幸福的家。他和他的父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们的父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。汤姆的每一还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。汤姆的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。Tom is an American student studying in China.Not only the head teacher,but also other students in his class like him very much,because he is both clever and humorous.His family is a happy one.He,together with his parents plans to go back to America in the summer vacation.However,how they will go there has not been decided.Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy holiday.The END