上海市上海师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试题含详解.docx

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1、上师大附中2020学年第一学期期中考试高二年级英语学科IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.A语法填空Science at school and at workConcern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school

2、subject or future career. This report focuses 1 the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. Theyenjoy 2(conduct) experiments in the well-equipped laboratories a

3、nd appreciate the fact 3 the teachingstaff are more highly qualified than those in arts subjects. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more 4(stimulate) environment.Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences,=5=their reputation as comparativ

4、ely difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, the sciences are believed to be subjects 6 high marks are harder to obtain.In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so-called lack of glamour of science as a profession, by film stereotyp

5、es(典型形象)of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified(转基因)food.To create a more positive impression 8 science, students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work

6、 experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty. They should also 9(make) aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills,discovering 10 things work and - one day - finding real solutions to real problems.B. talking to friend next to ususing t

7、he cellphone to chat with friendsC. communicating to keep the long-established friendshipWhat can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Cellphones require more attention than any other invention.B. We sometimes throw the phone away when it is too disturbing.C. The writer would rather continue his own

8、work than be interrupted by the ring.D. We should give priority to the cellphone as it has brought us so much convenience.DFor most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were variou

9、s views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists一that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational（理性的）being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.More recently, this

10、 traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that

11、men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature. The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology （人类学）.The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feeli

12、ngs, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield（盾牌

13、）behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisi

14、tiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically （愤世嫉俗地）to human nature, in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probab

15、ly lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we canexpect new insight into the prob

16、lem of the nature of man.67. Most philosophers believed that human nature.A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animalsconsists of competitiveness and selfishnessB. is something partly innate and partly acquiredconsists of rationality and undesirable behavior68. The traditional view of hum

17、an nature was strongly challenged by.A. the emergence of the evolutionary theoryB. the historical approach to manC. new insight into human behaviorD. the philosophical analysis of slavery69. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings.A. have some characters in commonB. are b

18、orn with diverse culturesC. are bom without a fixed natureD. change their characters as they grow up70. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to.A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of human natureshow that the concept of “human nature“ was used

19、to justify social evilsB. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of human naturesupport the idea that some human characters are inherited.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. N

20、ote that there are two more sentences than you need Praising KidsParents praise their kids whenever they do anything that seems to be something remarkable. Jenn Berman, PhD, a family therapist says JWeve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter. Parents ha

21、ve come to believe that by giving kids heaping portions of praise, they improve their self-esteem and confidence. 72 Too much praise can backfire, it seems, and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk fbr fear of not being able to stay on top where the

22、ir parents praise has put them.73 Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in stretching themselves for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise?74 If pr

23、aise is sincere and genuine and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal J says Donahue, author of Parenting With

24、out Fear, One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team, Donahue says. But if hes out there every day, shooting baskets, running drills, and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether h

25、is team wins or loses because its above and beyond the norm. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when he has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or complete a history assignment, Donahue adds.75Kids know when your praise is sincere and when its not.A.

26、 Still, don*t go too far in the other direction.B. But in fact, it may be just the opposite.C. Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.D. Children develop a sense of competence by seeing the consequences of their actions, not by being told about the consequences of

27、 their actions.E. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by- case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child put into it.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.76.这所小学从一年级开始设置编程课。（available）（汉译

28、英）.这个地区葡萄酒的制作技术可以追溯到公元前一世纪。（date）（汉译英）77 .他意识到过多的咖啡因摄入产生了刺激效果，并妨碍了他的睡眠。（aware）（汉译英）.在疫情（epidemic）面前，我国政府展现出坚定的决心，令世人赞叹。（face）（汉译英）上师大附中2020学年第一学期期中考试高二年级英语学科IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatica

29、lly correct.A语法填空Science at school and at workConcern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses 1 the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.The vast majority of students who ch

30、oose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. Theyenjoy 2(conduct) experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact 3 the teachingstaff are more highly qualified than those in arts subjects. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more 4(s

31、timulate) environment.Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences,=5=their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, the sciences are believed to be subjects 6 high marks are harder to obtain.In addition, scienc

32、e has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so-called lack of glamour of science as a profession, by film stereotypes(典型形象)of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified(转基因)food.T

33、o create a more positive impression 8 science, students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty. They should also 9(make) aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinkin

34、g skills,discovering 10 things work and - one day - finding real solutions to real problems.【答案】1. on 2. conducting 3. that 4. stimulatingowing to/because of/due to5. where 7. which8. of 9. be made10. how这是一篇说明文。文章作者提出了理科给学生留下不好印象的原因以及提出了改善这种负面印象的建议。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：这篇报告关注学生的观点，并为提高科学形象提出建议。分析题意，focuso

35、n译为“关注” 为固定搭配。故填on。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们喜欢在设备齐全的实验室里做实验。分析题意，根据固定搭配enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”可知，此处需填doing的形式。故填conducting.【3题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他们喜欢在设备齐全的实验室里做实验，欣赏理科教师比文科教师更胜一筹。分 析题意，划线后从句为先行词fact的内容。故从句为同位语从句。同位语从句部分不缺成分和语意。故填 thato【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：因此，学理科的学生认为他们是在一个更刺激的环境中学习。分析题意，此处需用形 容词以修饰名词environment。sti

36、mulate的形容词为stimulating译为“刺激的；有刺激性的“。此处符合题 意。故填 stimulating。【5题详解】考查介词短语。句意：然而，不幸的是，一些学生在选择理科之前会三思而行，因为科学被认为是相对难 的学科，需要记住事实和数字。分析题意，根据划线前后的语意可知，此处前后表示因果关系。因为划线 后内容为短语，所以此处需填表示“因为”的介词短语。综合分析，故填owing to/because of/due to。【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：止匕外，理科被认为是一些很难取得高分的学科。根据成分分析，subjects为先行词, 在后面的定语从句作地点状语，故此处的关系词用

37、关系副词。故填where。【7题详解】考查定语从句。句意：理科作为一种职业，缺乏所谓的魅力，电影中对疯狂教授和电脑怪才的刻板印象， 以及媒体经常对科学研究(比如转基因食品)的怀疑，都让许多人感到气馁。在定语从句中，介词后的关系词 常用which和whomo若先行词为物，则介词后用which；若先行词为人，则介词后用whom。本题的先行 词为“物”。故此处填which。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：为加深学生对理科的正面印象，大学理学院应邀请学生参与科学展览计划、科学工作体 验计划和虚拟开放日。根据句意，此处应表示所属关系：表示“理科的正面印象”。介词of译为“的” 可表示所属关系。故填。f。【9

38、题详解】考查被动语态。句意：他们也应该意识到学习理科的好处，比如发展思维技能，发现事物是如何运作的， 以及有一天找到真正问题的真正解决方案。分析题意，句中make aware of和主语之间表示被动逻辑。make aware of放在情态动词should后，故此处用情态动词的被动语态。综合分析，故填be made。【10题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们也应该意识到学习科学的好处，比如发展思维技能，发现事物是如何运作的， 以及有一天找到真正问题的真正解决方案。分析题意，宾语从句部分缺状语。根据句意，从句部分缺“如 何”之意。故填how。B语法填空Physical Fitness Tests at

39、 Nationals Cause OutrageChinese sports authorities have been criticized for their new fitness rules.No matter 11 happens in the pool, swimmers can only progress to the finals 12 (base) on the results of their physical fitness tests. The General Administration of Sport (国家体育，总局)passed this new rule i

40、n February. It 13 (come) into public attention after widespread criticism at the National Swimming Championships in Qingdao.The two-day tests 14 (undertake) by swimmers before the championships started on September 26. Athletes took part in ten events, including 30-meter sprints, pull-ups, and 3,000

41、-meter runs.Out of the top 16 finishers in each event, only the eight who scored 15 (high) on their physical fitness tests progressed to the next round. As a result, some race winners have missed out on the final. These included Wang Jianjiahe, who broke 16 record in Asia. Yu Hexin, who set a new na

42、tional record in the mens 50-meter freestyle, failed to make it to the final. World champion Fu Yuanhui also missed out.Its not 17 we dont care about physical fitness,M Wang told reporters. HWe just think physical fitness should not be a decisive factor.However, Chinese Swimming Association chairman

43、 Zhou Jihong made 18 clear that the reform was here to stay.nEveryone is equal before the rules/1 she said in an interview. Zhou explained that the aim is 19 (allow) Chinas athletes to compete with the best in the world.Athletes at the National Track and Field Championships in September also complai

44、ned that the physical fitness tests were too hard for them. It is reported that even chess players have had to take such tests.The new GAS rule stated that those who did not meet the physical fitness requirements 20 (not allow) to compete in the Tokyo Olympics. Strengthening physical fitness trainin

45、g can not only improve the physical fitness of athletes, but also lay a solid foundation for their ability to compete well.【答案】11. what12. based 13. came14. were undertaken(the) highest15. a17. because18. it19. to allow20. wouldnt be allowed这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国体育主管部门因其新的体能测试的规定而引起公众的批评，但中国体 育总局表明会继续这项改革

46、。【11题详解】考查连词。句意：不管泳池里发生了什么，游泳运动员只有在体能测试结果 基础上才能进入决赛。分析 句子结构，No matter happens in the pool,是“no matter +疑问词”引导的状语从句，从句中缺少主语,应用疑问词what； no matter what”意思为“无论什么”。故填what。12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不管泳池里发生了什么，游泳运动员只有在体能测试结果的基础上才能进入决赛。短语be based on ”以为基础，在的基础上”；句子主语swimmers和base之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语做状语。故填based。13题详解

47、】考查时态。句意：在青岛举行的全国游泳锦标赛上，它受到了广泛的批评之后，引起了公众的关注。根据 uafter widespread criticism at the National Swimming Championships in Qingdao” 可知,句子叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；come是不规则变化动词，过去式为came。故填came。【14题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在9月26日锦标赛开始前，游泳运动员们进行了为期两天的测试。句子叙述的是 过去的事情，应该用一般过去时；句子主语The two-day tests和undertake是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被 动语态；因

48、此用一般过去时的被动语态；主语The two-day tests是复数形式，be动词应用were； undertake 是不规则变化动词，过去分词为undertaken。故填were undertakeno【15题详解】考查副词最高级。句意：在每个项目的前16名选手中，只有体能测试得分最高的8名晋级下一轮。根据句 意，此处是指同范围内的“最”，high应用最高级形式；修饰动词scored,定冠词the可要可不要。故 填(the) highesto【16题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：其中包括打破一项亚洲纪录的王简嘉禾。此处用不定冠词a表示数量，意思为“一 项；record的发音是以辅音因素开头，因

49、此用不定冠词a。故填a。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：“不是因为我们不在乎体能，”王告诉记者，“我们只是认为体能不应该成为决定性因 素。”根据句意,“we dont care about physical fitness是说明原因,此处应用because引导表语从句。故 填 becauseo【18题详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：然而，中国游泳协会主席周继宏明确表示，这项改革不会改变。此处用it作形 式宾语，指代后面真正的宾语从句that the reform was here to stayo故填ito19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周解释说，这样做的目的是让中国运动员与世界上最好的运动员竞争。在be动词 is后应是表语；allow是动词，应用不定式形式作表语表示目的和将要。故填to al